医疗固体废弃物热解及其产物特性分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0465

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前关于医疗固体废弃物热解的研究主要集中在热解条件对产物分布的影响，在产物成分及应用方向少有报道。本试验将预处理后的医疗固体废弃物在450～550℃下进行热解处理，对热解后产生的气体、液体、固体三相产物，系统地分析了其成分及产物特性，并提出其进一步资源化利用方向。结果表明，所得气体产物中可燃组分占83.17%，热值为10995kcal/m³（1kcal=4.18kJ）；液体产物热值为8973kcal/kg，进一步分离提纯后所得产物中烃类组分占67.81%，热值可达10214kcal/kg；固体产物经过改质后，碳含量高达63.13%，热值为5455kcal/kg。研究表明，医疗固体废弃物热解得到的气、液、固三相产物在资源化利用方面都具有一定的价值，除了可以直接用作替代燃料外，三相产物中均含有多种应用广泛的化工原料。

关键词: 医疗固废, 热解, 特性分析, 资源化利用

Abstract:

The researches on pyrolysis of medical solid waste are mainly about the products distribution under different pyrolysis conditions up to now, while few reports on the products composition and application are found. In this test, the pretreated wastes were pyrolyzed at 450—550℃. The compositions and characteristics of the gas, liquid and solid products were systematically analyzed, and their directions of resource utilization were finally proposed. The results show that the combustible components account for 83.17% in gas products with the calorific value being 10995kcal/m³. The calorific value of liquid products is 8973kcal/kg. After further separation and purification, the hydrocarbon components in liquid products take up about 70%, and the calorific value is increased to 10214kcal/kg. The carbon content is 63.13% after the modification process to the solid products, then the calorific value is 5455kcal/kg. It’s concluded that the pyrolysis products of medical solid waste have a promising application value in resource utilization. In addition to being directly used as alternative fuels, they all contain a variety of chemical raw materials with wide applications.

Key words: medical solid wastes, pyrolysis, characteristic analysis, resource utilization

中图分类号:

X799.5

方书起,崔俊乐,史兆臣,白净,常春,李攀. 医疗固体废弃物热解及其产物特性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(12): 5587-5593.

Shuqi FANG,Junle CUI,Zhaochen SHI,Jing BAI,Chun CHANG,Pan LI. Medical solid waste pyrolysis and analysis of its product characteristics[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(12): 5587-5593.

图/表 10

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主要成分	质量分数/%
一次性输液器等塑料制品	50.0
敷料等棉织物	14.0
木制品	3.0
橡胶制品	2.5
一次性金属器械	0.5
玻璃药瓶	30.0

主要成分	质量分数/%
一次性输液器等塑料制品	50.0
敷料等棉织物	14.0
木制品	3.0
橡胶制品	2.5
一次性金属器械	0.5
玻璃药瓶	30.0

主要成分	体积分数/%
合计	100.00
H₂	15.56
CO₂	16.83
CH₄	17.88
CO	6.21
C₂H₆	7.98
C₂H₄	10.31
C₂H₂	5.02
C₃H₆	14.08
C₄H₁₀	0.31
C₄H₈	5.81

主要成分	体积分数/%
合计	100.00
H₂	15.56
CO₂	16.83
CH₄	17.88
CO	6.21
C₂H₆	7.98
C₂H₄	10.31
C₂H₂	5.02
C₃H₆	14.08
C₄H₁₀	0.31
C₄H₈	5.81

序号	分子式	中文名称	峰面积比/%	序号	分子式	中文名称	峰面积比/%
1	C₉H₁₈	2,4-二甲基-1-庚烯	0.44	22	C₂₂H₄₄	1-二十二烯	1.59
2	C₉H₂₀	2,3,4-三甲基-正己烷	0.87	23	C₁₇H₃₆	十七烷	2.05
3	C₉H₁₈	1,2,3,4-四甲基-环戊烷	0.78	24	C₉H₁₈O	环辛醇	0.97
4	C₁₄H₂₈	1-十四烯	0.52	25	C₂₃H₄₆	顺式-9-二十三烯	1.83
5	C₁₅H₃₀	十五烯	0.99	26	C₁₂H₂₄	1-丁基-2-丙基-环戊烷	1.15
6	C₁₆H₃₂	1-十六烯	0.66	27	C₆BrF₁₁	1-溴2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-8氟-1-三氟甲基-环戊烷	2.26
7	C₁₇H₃₄	十七烯	0.82	28	C₂₈H₅₈O	二十八烷醇	3.91
8	C₁₅H₂₂O₂	苯甲酸-2-乙基-己酯	0.69	29	C₁₀H₂₀	十烯	0.90
9	C₁₆H₃₂	1-十六烯	0.83	30	C₉H₁₄O	(1R)-(+)-诺蒎酮	2.00
10	C₁₉H₃₈	1-十九烯	0.94	31	C₁₀H₁₈O	5-甲基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)-4-己烯-1-醇，	1.98
11	C₁₉H₄₀	十九烷	0.48	32	C₂₃H₄₆	顺式-9-二十三烯	4.64
12	C₉H₁₈	1,2,4-三甲基-环己烷	0.81	33	C₂₄H₃₈O₄	邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯	12.08
13	C₁₆H₂₂O₄	邻苯二甲酸-二-丁酯	1.54	34	C₁₉H₃₈	1-十九烯	13.33
14	C₂₀H₃₈	1,19-二十-二烯	1.57	35	C₈H₁₆	2,3-二甲基-3-己烯	1.65
15	C₁₉H₄₀O	十九醇	1.27	36	C₁₁H₂₂	1,2-二乙基-3-甲基-环己烷	1.92
16	C₂₀H₄₂	二十烷	0.70	37	C₁₅H₂₀O₂		3.06
17	C₁₀H₂₀	1,1,3,5-四甲基-环己烷	0.76	38	C₁₁H₂₂	1,2-二乙基-3-甲基-环己烷	1.74
18	C₉H₁₀F₃N	(RS)-1-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-乙胺	1.30	39	C₁₃H₂₂O	二环己基甲酮	0.93
19	C₂₁H₄₄	二十一烷	0.69	40	C₁₀H₁₆O₂	2-甲基-3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-基酯-2-丁烯酸	0.83
20	C₁₁H₂₂	1-乙基-2-丙基-环己烷	3.48	41	C₁₀H₂₀	1,1,3,5-四甲基-环己烷	1.16
21	C₉H₁₆O	3,3,5-三甲基环己酮	0.84	42	C₆H₁₈O₃Si₃	六甲基环三硅氧烷	0.82