面向氢能本质安全利用——氢致损伤研究进展与挑战

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-0211

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢致损伤或氢脆（hydrogen-induced damage or hydrogen embrittlement）是氢能装备安全服役过程中面临的主要挑战之一。本文综述了氢致损伤的特性与机理、测试与评价技术以及抗氢损伤材料本质安全设计的最新研究进展与挑战。近年来在氢致损伤机理和测试技术方面取得了显著进展，但其高度复杂性的本质仍使可靠性评价和工程实践面临诸多难题。未来，需进一步完善氢致损伤理论体系，按实际应用场景评价临氢部件在全寿命周期的氢致损伤敏感性，并结合抗氢损伤设计的工程实践，为氢能产业的安全健康发展提供技术支撑。

关键词: 氢能, 可靠性, 氢致损伤, 金属材料

Abstract:

Hydrogen-induced damage or hydrogen embrittlement is one of the major challenges faced by structural materials used in hydrogen energy applications. This paper reviews the latest research progress and challenges on the behavior and underlying mechanisms of hydrogen-induced damage, testing and characterization techniques, as well as the hydrogen-tolerant materials design approaches. Although significant progress has been made in recent years in understanding hydrogen-induced damage mechanisms using developed characterization techniques, the inherent complexity of this phenomenon continues to pose numerous challenges for reliability assessment of structural components and the associated engineering applications. In the future, it is still necessary to unravel the nature of hydrogen-induced damage with different boundary conditions, in order to scientifically assess the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of components throughout their entire lifecycle as well as to push engineering applications for hydrogen-tolerant design. These efforts will provide technical support for the safe development of the hydrogen energy industry.

Key words: hydrogen energy, reliability, hydrogen-induced damage, metallic materials

中图分类号:

TK91

孙彬涵, 张显程, 涂善东. 面向氢能本质安全利用——氢致损伤研究进展与挑战[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(5): 2898-2906.

SUN Binhan, ZHANG Xiancheng, TU Shantung. Towards the intrinsic safety of hydrogen energy utilization: Progress and challenges in the study of hydrogen-induced damage[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(5): 2898-2906.

图/表 5

图1 氢致损伤主流理论及其发展[8]

图2 临氢环境下材料力学性能测试标准总结

图3 氢探测及氢致损伤原位表征技术

图4 氢-疲劳寿命预测模型的演绎历史

图5 典型抗氢损伤方法

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