船舶应用燃料电池系统的设计与试验

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1931

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受到航海运输领域的新政策和严格的排放法规限制，船舶应用燃料电池受到越来越多的关注与重视，尤其是具有高效率、低噪声、模块化的质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）系统。本文介绍了由新源动力股份有限公司开发的船用PEMFC系统，以隔离防护和泄露探测为基准要求，该PEMFC系统配置了多个安全参数检测装置，对于BOP部件选型采用了针对性的方案，通过水热管理优化及标定，系统额定效率和峰值效率分别为45%和62%。为了证明PEMFC系统满足功能完善及安全可靠的要求，采用设计试验的方法研究并制定了性能评价试验，分别是可靠性试验、低温启动试验及双机并联试验。试验结果表明：经历了200h动态工况测试后系统在中间功率下性能无变化，在额定功率下电堆性能衰减率为1.2%；基于良好的水热管理及多模式控制手段，实现了吹扫时间和单体电压偏差大幅降低，当环境温度为-30℃时顺利实现低温启动，高于船用规范中的最苛刻要求；在高功率需求及冗余设计目标下，双机并联使得系统总成动力输出更平稳、可靠，而且通过交替启动策略提高了系统耐久性，不同的工作模式为系统维护及故障处理提供了基础条件；PEMFC系统具备搭载实船应用的能力。本文为船用PEMFC系统的设计和开发提供了参考依据。

关键词: 船用, 燃料电池, 设计, 质子交换膜燃料电池系统, 水热管理, 优化, 可靠性

Abstract:

Due to the new policies in the sector of marine transportation and strict emission regulations, fuel cells for marine application have received more and more attention, especially the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system with high efficiency, low noise and modularity. This paper introduces the marine PEMFC system developed by Sunrise Power Co., Ltd., which is equipped with multiple safety parameter detection devices, adopts a targeted scheme for the selection of BOP components, and achieves the rated efficiency and peak efficiency of 45% and 62% respectively through water and heat management optimization and calibration. In order to prove the PEMFC system meeting the requirements of perfect function, safety and reliability, the performance evaluation test is studied and formulated by the methods of design tests, which are reliability test, cold start test and dual-machine parallel test. The test results show that after 200h dynamic working condition test, the performance of the system does not change at intermediate power, and the performance degradation rate of the stack is 1.2% at the rated power. Based on good water and heat management and multi-mode control methods, the purge time and cell voltage deviation are greatly reduced, and the cold start is successfully achieved when the ambient temperature is -30℃, which exceeds the most demanding requirements in the marine specification. Under the high-power demand and redundancy design goals, the double-PEMFCs makes the power output of the system assembly more stable and reliable. The system durability is improved through the alternate start strategy, and different working modes provide the basic conditions for system maintenance and trouble shooting. The PEMFC system has the ability to carry real ship applications. This paper provides a reference for the design and development of marine PEMFC systems.

Key words: marine application, fuel cells, design, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, water and heat management, optimization, reliability

中图分类号:

TM911.4

张宝, 王鹏, 安勇攀, 吕平, 蒋建良. 船舶应用燃料电池系统的设计与试验[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(5): 2554-2567.

ZHANG Bao, WANG Peng, AN Yongpan, LYU Ping, JIANG Jianliang. Design and experiment of fuel cell systems for marine application[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(5): 2554-2567.

图/表 23

参考文献 46

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子系统	参数	控制策略
空气	入口压力	模糊控制
	入口湿度	模糊控制
氢气	入口压力	前馈+模糊PID
	排放流量	脉冲排放控制
冷却	工作温度	前馈+模糊PID
	出入口冷却液温差	比例控制
功率	输出电流	前馈+积分控制
	吹扫电压	积分控制

子系统	参数	控制策略
空气	入口压力	模糊控制
	入口湿度	模糊控制
氢气	入口压力	前馈+模糊PID
	排放流量	脉冲排放控制
冷却	工作温度	前馈+模糊PID
	出入口冷却液温差	比例控制
功率	输出电流	前馈+积分控制
	吹扫电压	积分控制

性能参数	实测值
额定功率/kW	60
峰值功率/kW	66
怠速功率/kW	7
额定电流/A	272
额定效率/%	45
峰值效率/%	62

性能参数	实测值
额定功率/kW	60
峰值功率/kW	66
怠速功率/kW	7
额定电流/A	272
额定效率/%	45
峰值效率/%	62

工况号	功率	持续时间/s
1	怠速功率	540
2	额定功率	342
3	中间功率	918