“双碳”目标下的氨能技术与经济性研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0066

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于氨的高能量密度和零碳特性，其作为氢能和可再生能源载体具有良好的未来市场。氨比氢更易储运且本质安全性强，有望成为推动能源革命、社会进步和国家发展的零碳能源发展路线之一。本文从氨能的全产业链角度出发，介绍了合成氨产业发展趋势以及各类合成氨技术的最新进展和成本经济性；列举了目前氨的主要储运方式、效率、成本和安全性特征；综述了氨的新能源燃料应用，包括氨燃料电池、氨内燃机、氨燃气轮机等技术体系发展现状和燃料成本经济性，以及氨分解制氢效率和生产成本优势。通过上述技术和经济性分析，探讨了氨能在能源系统中的重要作用，进一步梳理了氨能技术发展方向。

关键词: 氨氢能源, 氨合成, 氨储运, 新能源氨应用, 经济性

Abstract:

Ammonia has a better future market as a carrier of hydrogen energy and renewable energy for its high energy density and carbon-free characteristic. Ammonia is easier to store and transport than hydrogen and is intrinsically safe. It is expected to become one of the carbon-free energy development routes to promote industrial reform, social progress and national development. From the perspective of the whole industrial chain of ammonia energy, the development trend of synthetic ammonia industry, and the latest progress and cost economy of various synthetic ammonia technologies are introduced; the main storage and transportation methods, efficiency, cost and safety characteristics of ammonia are listed; the new energy fuel applications of ammonia, including ammonia fuel cell, ammonia internal combustion engine and ammonia gas turbine, the development status of the technologies and the fuel cost economy, as well as the hydrogen production efficiency and production cost advantages of ammonia decomposition are reviewed. Through the above technical and economic analysis, the importance of ammonia energy in the energy system is discussed, the development direction of ammonia energy technology is further sorted out.

Key words: ammonia-hydrogen energy, ammonia synthesis, ammonia storage and transportation, new energy applications of ammonia, economy

中图分类号:

TE832

李卫东, 李逸龙, 滕霖, 尹鹏博, 黄鑫, 李加庆, 罗宇, 江莉龙. “双碳”目标下的氨能技术与经济性研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(12): 6226-6238.

LI Weidong, LI Yilong, TENG Lin, YIN Pengbo, HUANG Xin, LI Jiaqing, LUO Yu, JIANG Lilong. Research progress on ammonia energy technology and economy under "carbon emission peak" and "carbon neutrality" targets[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(12): 6226-6238.

图/表 7

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工艺类型	氢气价格/CNY·kg^-1	氢气成本/CNY·(t NH₃)^-1	合成氨成本/CNY·t^-1	碳排放/t CO₂·(t NH₃)^-1	绿色溢价/CNY·(t NH₃)^-1
PEM工艺	25.82	4556	5293	—	3451
AWE工艺	24.92	4398	5135	—	3293
SOE工艺	27.69	4886	4922	—	3080
传统H-B工艺	—	—	1842	2.78	—

工艺类型	氢气价格/CNY·kg^-1	氢气成本/CNY·(t NH₃)^-1	合成氨成本/CNY·t^-1	碳排放/t CO₂·(t NH₃)^-1	绿色溢价/CNY·(t NH₃)^-1
PEM工艺	25.82	4556	5293	—	3451
AWE工艺	24.92	4398	5135	—	3293
SOE工艺	27.69	4886	4922	—	3080
传统H-B工艺	—	—	1842	2.78	—

燃料	热值/mJ·kg^-1	能量密度/mJ·L^-1	密度/kg·m^-3	辛烷值（RON）	火焰速度/m·s^-1	可燃性极限体积分数/%	汽化潜热/kJ·kg^-1
液氨	18.6	12.69（1atm，33°C）	682	>130	0.067	15~28	1370
液氢	120	8.5（1atm，-253°C）	70.85	>130	3.25	4.7~75	445.6
柴油	44.11	32.89（1atm，25°C）	745.7	<20	~0.80	0.43~0.6	240
汽油	44.34	30.93（1atm，25°C）	697.6	100	0.41	0.6~8	305
甲醇	19.90	15.65（1atm，25°C）	786.3	108.7	0.56	6.7~36	109
乙醇	26.84	21.07（1atm，25°C）	785.1	108.6	0.58	3.3~19	840

燃料	热值/mJ·kg^-1	能量密度/mJ·L^-1	密度/kg·m^-3	辛烷值（RON）	火焰速度/m·s^-1	可燃性极限体积分数/%	汽化潜热/kJ·kg^-1
液氨	18.6	12.69（1atm，33°C）	682	>130	0.067	15~28	1370
液氢	120	8.5（1atm，-253°C）	70.85	>130	3.25	4.7~75	445.6
柴油	44.11	32.89（1atm，25°C）	745.7	<20	~0.80	0.43~0.6	240
汽油	44.34	30.93（1atm，25°C）	697.6	100	0.41	0.6~8	305
甲醇	19.90	15.65（1atm，25°C）	786.3	108.7	0.56	6.7~36	109
乙醇	26.84	21.07（1atm，25°C）	785.1	108.6	0.58	3.3~19	840

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