纳米材料在低渗透油藏中的研究进展及展望

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0462

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纳米材料能够减少水分子团簇结构的形成，显著降低注入压力，同时由于其属于纳米尺度，可以在三相接触区形成楔形分离压力，大大减小驱油阻力。此外，其还具有降低界面张力、改变润湿性等驱油机理，能够有效提高低渗透油藏的采收率。纳米材料的形貌对驱油性能有很大的影响。本文综述了目前常用的纳米材料，并对纳米材料提高采收率机理做了详细总结，重点论述了不同形貌纳米材料在提高采收率领域的研究进展和发展前景。相比于球形纳米材料，片状纳米材料具有明显的取向排列，界面自由能更低，吸附性更强，具有很大的应用潜力。然而，部分片状纳米材料如二硫化钼在地层情况下的长期稳定性无法得到保证，限制了其在低渗透油藏中的应用。针对片状纳米材料，需要深入研究其改性策略及改性后材料性能，尤其是在极端高温高盐环境中的稳定性，以推动纳米材料在提高采收率领域的发展。

关键词: 纳米材料, 乳液, 界面张力, 渗透率, 界面改性

Abstract:

Nanomaterials can reduce the formation of water cluster structures and significantly reduce injection pressure. Due to their nanoscale nature, they can form a wedge-shaped separation pressure in the three-phase contact area, greatly reducing oil displacement resistance. In addition, they also have oil displacement mechanisms such as reducing interfacial tension and improving wettability, which can effectively enhance the recovery of low-permeability reservoirs. The shape of nanomaterials has a significant impact on oil displacement performance. The commonly used nanomaterials were reviewed and a detailed summary of the mechanism by which nanomaterials enhanced oil recovery was provided. The focus was on the research progress and development prospects of different shaped nanomaterials in enhanced oil recovery field. It indicated that compared to spherical nanomaterials, sheet-like nanomaterials had a clear orientation arrangement, lower interfacial free energy, stronger adsorption and great potential for application. However, the long-term stability of some sheet-like nanomaterials such as molybdenum disulfide could not be guaranteed in geological conditions, which limited their application in low-permeability reservoirs. For sheet-like nanomaterials, it was necessary to conduct in-depth research on their modification strategies and modified material properties, especially their stability in extreme high temperature and high salt condition in order to promote the development of nanomaterials in enhanced oil recovery field.

Key words: nanomaterials, emulsions, interface tension, permeability, interface modification

中图分类号:

TE357

李家豪, 范海明, 魏志毅, 程思远. 纳米材料在低渗透油藏中的研究进展及展望[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(3): 1485-1495.

LI Jiahao, FAN Haiming, WEI Zhiyi, CHENG Siyuan. Research progress and prospects of nanomaterials in low-permeability reservoirs[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(3): 1485-1495.

图/表 7

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材料	作用	参考文献
Al₂O₃、MgO、TiO₂	降低界面张力、改变润湿性	[31]
Al₂O₃、TiO₂	降低界面张力、改变润湿性、形成乳状液	[32]
Al₂O₃、TiO₂	降低界面张力、改变润湿性	[33]
MgO	降低界面张力、改变润湿性、增强乳状液稳定性	[34]
Al₂O₃	降低界面张力	[35-36]
Fe₃O₄	增强乳状液稳定性	[37-38]
Fe₂O₃	增强乳状液稳定性、降低界面张力	[39]
Fe₃O₄	降低界面张力、改变润湿性、增强乳状液稳定性	[40]

材料	作用	参考文献
Al₂O₃、MgO、TiO₂	降低界面张力、改变润湿性	[31]
Al₂O₃、TiO₂	降低界面张力、改变润湿性、形成乳状液	[32]
Al₂O₃、TiO₂	降低界面张力、改变润湿性	[33]
MgO	降低界面张力、改变润湿性、增强乳状液稳定性	[34]
Al₂O₃	降低界面张力	[35-36]
Fe₃O₄	增强乳状液稳定性	[37-38]
Fe₂O₃	增强乳状液稳定性、降低界面张力	[39]
Fe₃O₄	降低界面张力、改变润湿性、增强乳状液稳定性	[40]

硫源	钼源	反应温度/℃	尺寸/nm	参考文献
硫代乙酰胺	三氧化钼	200	22~200	[44-47]
硫代乙酰胺	钼酸钠	200~220	100~500	[48-49]
硫代乙酰胺	钼酸铵	180	100~200	[50]
硫脲	钼酸铵	200~220	约300	[51-52]
硫化钠	三氧化钼	300~320	约100	[53-54]
L-半胱氨酸	三氧化钼	200~220	约40	[55-56]
硫氰化钾	三氧化钼	180	30~100	[57]

硫源	钼源	反应温度/℃	尺寸/nm	参考文献
硫代乙酰胺	三氧化钼	200	22~200	[44-47]
硫代乙酰胺	钼酸钠	200~220	100~500	[48-49]
硫代乙酰胺	钼酸铵	180	100~200	[50]
硫脲	钼酸铵	200~220	约300	[51-52]
硫化钠	三氧化钼	300~320	约100	[53-54]
L-半胱氨酸	三氧化钼	200~220	约40	[55-56]
硫氰化钾	三氧化钼	180	30~100	[57]

合成体系/步骤	作用	参考文献
使用4-磺苯二氮盐和氯磺酸对GO进行磺化	结构分离压力、增强乳状液稳定性、改变润湿性	[65]
通过十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷对GO进行疏水改性	改变润湿性、增强乳状液稳定性	[66]
用十二胺通过Pickering乳液模板法对GO进行疏水改性	改变润湿性、增强乳状液稳定性、降低界面张力、降低注入压力	[67-70]
氨基化氧化石墨烯通过Michael加成反应接枝疏水链	改变润湿性、降低界面张力、降低注入压力	[71]
氧化石墨烯一侧接枝亲水聚合物链，另一侧接枝正辛胺	降低界面张力	[72]
氧化石墨烯一侧接枝亲水聚合物链，另一侧接枝十八胺	改变润湿性、降低界面张力、降低注入压力	[73]