质子交换膜水电解制氢膜电极研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0383

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

质子交换膜水电解（PEMWE）制氢具有可适用于风能太阳能等可再生能源的间歇性和波动性、能量转换效率高、启动快速、占地小等优点，成为目前绿氢制取重点关注的技术。膜电极作为水电解制氢关键核心部件，对于水电解制氢的性能、效率和寿命至关重要，并随着量产规模的扩大在系统成本中的占比越来越高。发展高性能、低成本和高耐久性的膜电极对于绿氢的低成本大规模制取具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来质子交换膜电解水制氢膜电极中质子交换膜、催化层、多孔传输层等关键材料部件以及膜电极制备技术的研究进展和成果，并进行了简要评述。从膜电极设计和开发的角度系统地梳理了如何提高电解制氢性能、降低水电解制氢膜电极成本等方面的进展。最后，就未来膜电极研发的方向提出了建议。

关键词: 水电解制氢, 膜电极, 质子交换膜, 催化层, 多孔传输层

Abstract:

Hydrogen production from proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) has the advantages of its adaptability to intermittence and fluctuation of renewable energy such as wind and solar energy, high energy conversion efficiency, start-up quickly, small volume, etc., It has attracted great attention as a technology for green hydrogen production. Membrane electrode assembly (MEA), a key parts of hydrogen production from water electrolysis, is of significant importance to the performance, efficiency and lifetime of water electrolysis. Furthermore, its cost contribution to the overall system increases significantly with the increase of production capacity. It is critical to develop MEA with high performance, low cost and high durability for the large scale production of low cost green hydrogen. In this paper,the research progress and achievements of some key materials and components for MEA of PEMWE, including proton exchange membrane, catalyst layer, porous transport layer etc., as well as manufacturing technology of MEA are reviewed. Some progress on how to improve performance of hydrogen generation from water electrolysis, how to reduce the cost of MEA, etc., are systematically analyzed from the aspect of MEA design and development. Finally, some future research directions are proposed.

Key words: hydrogen production by water electrolysis, membrane electrode assembly, proton exchange membrane, catalyst layer, porous transport layer

中图分类号:

万年坊. 质子交换膜水电解制氢膜电极研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(12): 6385-6394.

WAN Nianfang. Research progress of membrane electrode assembly of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis for hydrogen production[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(12): 6385-6394.

图/表 6

图1 膜电极结构组成示意图

图2 长支链Nafion和短支链Aquivion全氟磺酸膜聚合物结构[15]

图3 阳极催化层添加物及IrO2载量对于电解性能的影响[41]

图4 3M有序化电解水膜电极阳极结构[50]

图5 Nb/Ti涂层不锈钢网多孔传输层示意图[55]

图6 卷对卷CCM涂布过程示例 [73]

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