质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极结构与设计研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0243

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

膜电极（MEA）为质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）提供了电子、质子、反应气体和产物水等多相物质传递和电化学反应的重要场所。设计和制备具有优异特性的MEA对提高PEMFC的性能，降低制造成本，加快其商业化应用是至关重要的。本文首先对PEMFC的反应机理进行了分析，接着从气体扩散层（GDL）、催化层（CL）、质子交换膜构造（PEM）3个方面阐述各部件在MEA中的作用，归纳总结了各部件的制备方法、传热传质方式、仿真模型、构效关系以及优缺点，最后对影响MEA的各种因素进行了总结，并且结合目前涌现出的许多新兴技术对PEMFC的发展进行了展望。本综述对未来高性能、长寿命和低成本的MEA开发具有指导意义。

关键词: 燃料电池, 膜电极, 传质, 传热, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Membrane electrode (MEA) provides an important place for the multiphase transfer and electrochemical reaction of electron, proton, reaction gas and product water in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Reasonable design and preparation of MEA are highly important to improve the performance of PEMFC, to reduce the manufacturing cost and to accelerate its commercialization. The reaction mechanism of PEMFC was firstly analyzed, and then the role of each component in MEA was elaborated from three aspects of gas diffusion layer (GDL), catalytic layer (CL) and proton exchange membrane structure (PEM). The preparation method, heat and mass transfer mode, numerical model, structure-activity relationship, advantages and disadvantages of each component were also summarized. Finally, various factors affecting MEA were summarized, and the development of PEMFC were prospected combined considering many emerging technologies. We believe that this review would provide a guidance for the future development of MEA with high performance, long life and low cost.

Key words: fuel cell, membrane electrode, mass transfer, heat transfer, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

杨博龙, 韩清, 向中华. 质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极结构与设计研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(9): 4882-4893.

YANG Bolong, HAN Qing, XIANG Zhonghua. Progress of membrane electrode structure and its design for proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(9): 4882-4893.

图/表 12

图1 PEMFC的组成及工作原理[11]

图2 GDL结构示意图[20]

图3 不同PTFE含量微孔层组成的膜电极极化曲线图[26]

图4 基于同步辐射和FIB-SEM分析重构的三维高分辨GDL[36]

图5 基于PEMFC中GDL微孔结构构建的有限元模型和VOF模型原理[37]

图6 具有分级多孔结构Co-N-PCNF阴极催化剂在质子交换膜燃料电池中的应用[43]

图7 氧化还原控制的高导电Ni配合物纳米片的结构示意图[44]

图8 分级孔径作用示意图[45]

图9 催化层的孔结构和分级多孔炭催化剂合成的示意图[46]

图10 碳相三维结构模型搭建[50]

图11 不同厚度的膜中电流密度分布[57]

图12 两种MEA中PEM/CL界面结构的调控策略

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