磁场强化多相介质分离技术进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1606

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

概述了国内外基于磁场来强化非均相介质分离的研究进展，对相关的强化方法进行了分析和对比。根据磁场作用的非均相介质类别介绍了不同领域磁场辅助多相介质分离技术、设备及工作原理，如磁选机、涡电流分选机、重介质磁力旋流器、磁盘分离器、磁场辅助分离气-固旋流器、磁流化床等。根据应用领域可简要概括为磁场辅助固体分离（具有不同导磁性的固体）、气-固分离、固-液分离、液-液分离等。总结了磁场分布、磁场与颗粒作用、磁场与流场耦合的模拟方法，为磁场强化多相介质分离提供依据。针对普通设备分离能力存在的瓶颈问题，文中提出应综合考虑磁场与设备操作参数等因素以最大限度提高分离效率，应加强磁场与流场耦合研究并将磁场强化分离领域扩大至非磁性流体。

关键词: 磁场强化, 多相介质, 分离, 数值模拟, 旋流器, 优化

Abstract:

The research progress of magnetic field-based enhancement of heterogeneous media separation is reviewed, and the related enhancement methods are analyzed and compared. According to the types of heterogeneous media affected by magnetic field, the technology, equipment and working principle of magnetic field-assisted multiphase media separation in different fields are introduced, namely, magnetic separator, eddy-current separator, heavy medium magnetic cyclone, disk separator, magnetic field-assisted separation gas-solid cyclone, magnetic fluidized bed and so on. It can be summarized as magnetic field-assisted solid separation (solids with different magnetic conductivity), gas-solid separation, solid-liquid separation, liquid-liquid separation, etc. The simulation methods of magnetic field distribution, interaction between magnetic field and particles, coupling of magnetic field and fluid field are summarized, which provides a basis for magnetic field enhancing multiphase media separation. Aiming at the bottleneck problem of common equipment separation ability, it is proposed that magnetic field and equipment operation parameters should be considered to maximize separation efficiency, the coupling between magnetic field and fluid field test should be strengthened and the field of magnetic field separation should be extended to non-magnetic fluid.

Key words: magnetic field enhancement, multiphase media, separation, numerical simulation, hydrocyclone, optimization

中图分类号:

TQ021.1

车中俊, 赵立新, 葛怡清. 磁场强化多相介质分离技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(6): 2839-2851.

CHE Zhongjun, ZHAO Lixin, GE Yiqing. Development status of magnetic field intensificating separation of multiphase media[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(6): 2839-2851.

图/表 15

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待提纯介质	入料（混合相）	磁场源位置及作用区域	电流或电压	磁场强度 /A·m^-1	固体分离效率提高	参考文献
10μm钛铁矿	10g/L钛铁矿悬浮液	入口	—	—	底流产率73%→81%	［4］
磁种子	30%磁种子絮体溶液	锥段（距底流口100mm）	2A	—	磁种子回收率88%→98.1%	［58］
12.5~3000μm原煤	1.3~2.0g/cm³粗煤泥	柱锥交界面上下40mm	5A	1300（轴向）1684（径向）	精煤灰分11.59%→15.79%	［55］
		柱锥交界面下120mm处	5A	1977（径向）	底流分选密度增加0.22g/cm³	［57］
45~74μm钛铁矿	浓度为15%钛铁矿浆液	锥段	10A	6349（轴向） 1398（径向）	铁品味61.49%→98.96%，矿浆浓度15%→48.83%	［47］
原煤	1.4g/cm³粗煤泥	底流段	—	735929（轴向）	底流分选密度1.95g/cm³→2.1g/cm³	［45］
1~100μm磁铁矿	1.5%~30%固体矿浆	溢流段	60V	—	矿渣回收率90%→99.9%	［62］
黄铁矿	浓度为66%黄铁矿浆液	底流段	0.3A	14285（轴向）	磁铁矿品位66%→67.5%	［59］

待提纯介质	入料（混合相）	磁场源位置及作用区域	电流或电压	磁场强度 /A·m^-1	固体分离效率提高	参考文献
10μm钛铁矿	10g/L钛铁矿悬浮液	入口	—	—	底流产率73%→81%	［4］
磁种子	30%磁种子絮体溶液	锥段（距底流口100mm）	2A	—	磁种子回收率88%→98.1%	［58］
12.5~3000μm原煤	1.3~2.0g/cm³粗煤泥	柱锥交界面上下40mm	5A	1300（轴向）1684（径向）	精煤灰分11.59%→15.79%	［55］
		柱锥交界面下120mm处	5A	1977（径向）	底流分选密度增加0.22g/cm³	［57］
45~74μm钛铁矿	浓度为15%钛铁矿浆液	锥段	10A	6349（轴向） 1398（径向）	铁品味61.49%→98.96%，矿浆浓度15%→48.83%	［47］
原煤	1.4g/cm³粗煤泥	底流段	—	735929（轴向）	底流分选密度1.95g/cm³→2.1g/cm³	［45］
1~100μm磁铁矿	1.5%~30%固体矿浆	溢流段	60V	—	矿渣回收率90%→99.9%	［62］
黄铁矿	浓度为66%黄铁矿浆液	底流段	0.3A	14285（轴向）	磁铁矿品位66%→67.5%	［59］

模拟方向	研究对象	模拟软件	模拟类型（瞬态/稳态）	模拟方法及步骤	参考文献
磁系磁场分布	盘式永磁铁	—	—	计算机编程	[79]
	直角三角形线圈	MATLAB	—	计算机编程	[80]
	矩形永磁铁	ANSYS	稳态	创建物理环境；建立模型；划分网格；设置激励条件；求解	[45,83]
	组合线圈（变截面形状）				[55-56,59], [47,82,86]
	电磁铁（线圈缠绕导磁材料）				[56-57,60], [81,103]
磁场作用下颗粒的运动特性	塑料颗粒	COMSOL	—	—	[93]
	磁性颗粒	—		计算机编程	[91-92,97]
		MATLAB		计算机编程	[99]
		COMSOL	瞬态	导入模型；选择物理场并分步模拟；设置磁场边界条件；求解	[94-96]
	导电水溶液	ANSYS	稳态	编程得到自定义程序UDF；UDF导入FLUENT；设置边界条件；求解	[11,87]
磁场与流场耦合	导电水溶液

					[104]
	金属熔体	ANSYS+MATLAB	稳态、瞬态	将ANSYS模拟磁场数据通过MATLAB导入至FLUENT；设置MHD模块边界条件；求解	[101-103]
	金属熔体	ANSYS+MATLAB	稳态、瞬态	将ANSYS模拟磁场数据通过MATLAB导入至FLUENT；设置MHD模块边界条件；求解	[100]

模拟方向	研究对象	模拟软件	模拟类型（瞬态/稳态）	模拟方法及步骤	参考文献
磁系磁场分布	盘式永磁铁	—	—	计算机编程	[79]
	直角三角形线圈	MATLAB	—	计算机编程	[80]
	矩形永磁铁	ANSYS	稳态	创建物理环境；建立模型；划分网格；设置激励条件；求解	[45,83]
	组合线圈（变截面形状）				[55-56,59], [47,82,86]
	电磁铁（线圈缠绕导磁材料）				[56-57,60], [81,103]
磁场作用下颗粒的运动特性	塑料颗粒	COMSOL	—	—	[93]
	磁性颗粒	—		计算机编程	[91-92,97]
		MATLAB		计算机编程	[99]
		COMSOL	瞬态	导入模型；选择物理场并分步模拟；设置磁场边界条件；求解	[94-96]
	导电水溶液	ANSYS	稳态	编程得到自定义程序UDF；UDF导入FLUENT；设置边界条件；求解	[11,87]
磁场与流场耦合	导电水溶液

					[104]
	金属熔体	ANSYS+MATLAB	稳态、瞬态	将ANSYS模拟磁场数据通过MATLAB导入至FLUENT；设置MHD模块边界条件；求解	[101-103]
	金属熔体	ANSYS+MATLAB	稳态、瞬态	将ANSYS模拟磁场数据通过MATLAB导入至FLUENT；设置MHD模块边界条件；求解	[100]

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