五氧化二钒/碳纳米复合材料在超级电容器中的应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0989

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

五氧化二钒（V₂O₅）作为一种有广阔前景的电极材料，具有储量丰富、无毒、高电容电位等优点，通过V₂O₅纳米化、复合化等策略可实现材料性能的最优化。本文综述了V₂O₅/C纳米复合材料在超级电容器储能器件领域的最新研究进展，总结了V₂O₅/C纳米复合材料的制备方法及其对形貌和电化学性能的影响规律，讨论了组分优化、增加有效比表面积、杂原子掺杂、构建三元纳米复合材料等电化学性能提升策略。V₂O₅/C纳米复合材料以其独特的结构及优异的效能克服了单一电极材料的局限性，具有较强的实际应用潜力。最后，提出了V₂O₅/C电极材料在性能提升、机理探索和规模化生产等方面面临的问题，对电化学储能技术的未来发展趋势做出了展望，即开发高性能、智能化的新型复合材料及储能器件，为构建高效、安全的电化学储能体系提供理论和实践支持。

关键词: 超级电容器, 五氧化二钒, 碳材料, 复合材料, 电化学

Abstract:

As a promising electrode material, vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) has the advantages of abundant reserves, non-toxicity and high capacitance potential. The material properties can be optimized through the strategies of V₂O₅ nanosizing and compounding. This paper reviewed the recent applications of V₂O₅/C nanocomposites in the fields of supercapacitor energy storage. The preparation methods of V₂O₅/C nanocomposites with different dimensions, the influence on morphology and electrochemical performance were summarized. Strategies for enhancing the electrochemical properties were discussed via the component optimization, increasing effective specific surface area, heteroatom doping and constructing ternary nanocomposites. V₂O₅/C nanocomposites overcame the limitations of single electrode materials with their unique structure and excellent efficiency, which had strong practical application potential. Finally, the problems faced by V₂O₅/C electrode materials in terms of performance improvement, mechanism exploration and large-scale production were proposed, and the future development trend of electrochemical energy storage technology were presented, that is, the development of high-performance and intelligent new composite materials or energy storage devices, which provided theoretical and practical support for the construction of efficient and safe electrochemical energy storage systems.

Key words: supercapacitor, vanadium pentoxide, carbon, composite materials, electrochemistry

中图分类号:

O643.3

杨光, 姜瑞婷, 张玥, 符子剑, 刘伟. 五氧化二钒/碳纳米复合材料在超级电容器中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(7): 3857-3871.

YANG Guang, JIANG Ruiting, ZHANG Yue, FU Zijian, LIU Wei. Application of vanadium pentoxide/carbon nanocomposites in supercapacitors[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(7): 3857-3871.

图/表 6

图1 五氧化二钒/碳纳米复合材料在超级电容器中的应用

图2 1D-V2O5/C纳米复合材料制备流程图

图3 2D-V2O5/C纳米复合材料制备流程图

图4 3D-V2O5/C纳米复合材料制备流程图

图5 V2O5/C纳米复合材料制备流程及性能图

图6 杂原子掺杂-V2O5/C及三元复合材料制备流程及性能图

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