油胺改性碳包覆二硫化钼复合材料的制备及其摩擦学性能分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-0621

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

合成酯类润滑油因其良好润滑及降解性能，契合节能环保需求，已成为矿物油的重要替代方案。为适配实际工况，需开发专用酯类油润滑添加剂。本文针对二硫化钼（MoS₂）这一典型二维纳米润滑材料，通过单宁酸-铁离子（TA-Fe³⁺）络合作用包覆后退火制备MoS₂@C复合材料，通过碳包覆保护内部MoS₂抵抗其固有氧化失效问题，同时通过化学吸附或配位作用将油胺（OAm）的长链烷基枝接到MoS₂@C表面。所得OAm-MoS₂@C改性材料在酯类基础油三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯（TMPTO）中稳定分散30天。通过多种表征方法对材料结构进行了表征。添加0.3%（质量分数）OAm-MoS₂@C-300（300℃退火制备得到的MoS₂@C经OAm改性后命名为OAm-MoS₂@C-300）时，在392N载荷下TMPTO与基础油相比平均摩擦系数和平均磨斑直径分别减小了33.0%和14.4%，最大无卡咬负荷P_B及烧结负荷P_D分别提升了94.9%及25%。最后通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、拉曼光谱对摩擦表面进行了表征，其表现出优化成膜及协同润滑的润滑机理，未来可应用于切削油领域，有效减少摩擦磨损。

关键词: 二硫化钼, 纳米材料, 复合材料, 磨损, 摩擦学性能, 合成酯类润滑油

Abstract:

Synthetic ester-based lubricants, owing to their excellent lubricating performance and biodegradability, align with the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection, serving as a critical alternative to mineral oils. To adapt to practical operating conditions, the development of specialized lubricant additives for ester-based oils is essential. This work focused on molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), a typical two-dimensional nanomaterial with remarkable lubrication properties. Through a novel strategy combining tannic acid-iron ion (TA-Fe³⁺) complexation followed by annealing, an oleylamine-modified carbon-coated MoS₂ composite (MoS₂@C) was fabricated. The carbon coating served as a protective barrier to prevent the inherent oxidation-induced degradation of MoS₂, while the long-chain alkyl groups of oleylamine (OAm) were grafted onto the MoS₂@C surface via chemisorption or coordination bonding. The resultant OAm-MoS₂@C additive demonstrated stable dispersion in the ester-based oil trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO) over 30 days. The material's structure was characterized using multiple characterization techniques. Notably, with the addition of 0.3% OAm-MoS₂@C-300, the average friction coefficient and average wear scar diameter were reduced by 33.0% and 14.4%, respectively, compared to the base oil under a load of 392N. Furthermore, the maximum non-seizure load (P_B) and sintering load (P_D) were enhanced by 94.9% and 25%, respectively. Finally, the tribological surface was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy, revealing a lubrication mechanism characterized by optimized film formation and synergistic lubrication effects. This approach showed promise for applications in cutting fluids, where it could effectively reduce friction and wear.

Key words: molybdenum disulfide, nanomaterials, composites, attrition, tribological properties, synthetic ester lubricants

中图分类号:

TQ136.1⁺2

程启文, 李清华, 王浩帆, 曹永海, 王红娟, 余皓. 油胺改性碳包覆二硫化钼复合材料的制备及其摩擦学性能分析[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(S1): 400-412.

CHENG Qiwen, LI Qinghua, WANG Haofan, CAO Yonghai, WANG Hongjuan, YU Hao. Preparation and tribological properties of oleylamine-modified carbon coated molybdenum disulfide composites[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(S1): 400-412.

图/表 12

图1 OAm-MoS2@C的制备过程

图2 MoS2、TA-MoS2、MoS2@C、OAm-MoS2@C的XRD图谱、FTIR图谱、拉曼图谱和TG曲线

图3 MoS2、TA-MoS2、MoS2@C-300及OAm-MoS2@C-300的C 1s、O 1s、Mo 3d、S 2p、Fe 2p的XPS高分辨图谱

图4 OAm-MoS2@C-300 N 1s XPS高分辨图谱

图5 TA-MoS2及OAm改性前后MoS2@C-300、MoS2@C-900的TEM图像

图6 质量分数0.3% MoS2、TA-MoS2、OAm-MoS2@C-300及OAm-MoS2@C-900分散在TMPTO基础油中在室温下放置30天的照片

图7 OAm-MoS2@C-300、OAm-MoS2@C-900在不同浓度下的摩擦系数曲线及平均摩擦系数和磨斑的平均直径

图8 基础油及改性纳米MoS2油样的平均摩擦系数、磨斑直径以及基础油、OAm改性前后的MoS2@C-300和MoS2@C-900的PD值

图9 钢球磨损表面形貌对比

图10 TMPTO及添加质量分数0.3%OAm-MoS2@C-300润滑摩擦后的钢球磨斑表面的拉曼光谱图

图11 TMPTO+0.3%（质量分数）OAm-MoS2@C-300润滑的磨斑表面的XPS光谱分析

图12 OAm-MoS2@C-300的润滑机理示意图

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