可逆固体氧化物电池流场设计及优化的研究进展与展望

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1675

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢能作为一种清洁能源，不但具备清洁的利用过程，还能够与间歇性可再生能源有效结合，达到节能减排的重要效果。作为一种能够有效利用和制造氢能的装置，可逆固体氧化物电池（reversible solid oxide cell，RSOC）拥有燃料电池和电解槽两种运行模式，引起了广泛关注。RSOC的流场结构对其性能具有重要影响，具体表现为流道形状、尺寸及气体配置对RSOC内部气体流动特性的影响，均匀的气体分布及优异的扩散过程有利于电池输出性能及稳定性的提升。本综述总结了RSOC平行、蛇形、交指等传统流场与X形、三维网状等新型流场的结构特点及其电池输出特性，并对现有相关流场优化方式的研究进行了详细的分析和讨论，以全面概述该领域的最新进展。结果显示，针对RSOC内部气体流动特性可以通过优化温度、压强、气体流量等运行条件，选择合适的电解质、电极结构参数，阴阳极气流配置，以及设置流道障碍物等方式改进传统流场，促进气体传质与扩散过程；同时设计新型流场结构及多孔介质流场也是改善气体流动状态的一种方式。

关键词: 可逆固体氧化物电池, 流场结构特点, 优化设计, 热力学过程

Abstract:

As a kind of clean energy, hydrogen energy has a clean utilization process and can be effectively combined with intermittent renewable energy to achieve energy saving and emission reduction. As a device that can effectively utilize and manufacture hydrogen energy, the reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) has two modes of operation: fuel cell and electrolyzer, which has attracted widespread attention. The flow field structure of the RSOC has an important influence on its performance, which is manifested in the influence of the shape, size and gas configuration of the flow channel on the internal gas flow characteristics of the RSOC. The uniform gas distribution and excellent diffusion process are conducive to the improvement of the output performance and stability of the cell. This review summarizes the structural characteristics of traditional flow fields such as parallel, serpentine, and interdigitated in RSOCs, and cell output characteristics with novel flow fields such as X-type and three-dimensional mesh. The existing research on related flow field optimization methods are discussed in detail in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in this field. The results show that the traditional flow field can be improved for the gas flow characteristics inside the RSOC by optimizing the operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, and gas flow rate, selecting suitable electrolytes, electrode structural parameters, and cathode and anode gas flow configurations, as well as setting up flow channel barriers to promote the gas mass transfer and diffusion processes. Meanwhile, designing the novel flow field structure and porous medium flow field is also another way to improve the gas flow state.

Key words: reversible solid oxide cells, flow field structural characteristics, optimal design, thermodynamics process

中图分类号:

TK91

黄旭锐, 雷金勇, 潘军, 于丰源, 许余浩, 涂正凯. 可逆固体氧化物电池流场设计及优化的研究进展与展望[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(10): 5441-5456.

HUANG Xurui, LEI Jinyong, PAN Jun, YU Fengyuan, XU Yuhao, TU Zhengkai. Research progress and prospects on flow field design and optimization of reversible solid oxide cells[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(10): 5441-5456.

图/表 19

图1 氧离子型可逆固体氧化物电池工作原理[12]

图2 常规流场结构

图3 不同截面几何形状的直流道[20]

图4 三种不同截面几何形状流道下电池的极化曲线和反向梯形流道流动示意图[24]

图5 电流密度为3000A/m2时不同温度下对电池过电位的影响[26]

图6 SOFC电堆结构示意图[28]

图7 阳极厚度和阴极厚度对电池功率密度的影响[29]

图8 SOFC活性区域的温度分布图[30]

图9 不同气流配置和不同流道数下反应界面电流密度分布[32]

图10 工作电压为1.2V时不同气流配置下电极/电解质界面上电流密度分布[34]

图11 障碍物高度对速度等值线的影响[38]

图12 具有7个矩形、梯形和三角形流道障碍物的SOFC输出性能[39]

图13 流道结构和两种类型气体流道电解质层的最大第一主应力[40]

图14 SOFC流道结构[41]

图15 研究中涉及的流道结构[42]（单位：mm）

图16 流道结构示意图[43]

图17 三维网状梯形流场结构和不同温度新型流场和传统平行流场电池的净功率密度[44]

图18 SOEC结构示意图和温度对有金属泡沫和无金属泡沫的SOEC的影响[49]

图19 SOEC结构示意图和四种流场下电池的温度分布场[50]

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