生物炭替代煤粉/焦炭高炉炼铁碳减排技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0253

化工进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 490-500.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0253

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

生物炭替代煤粉/焦炭高炉炼铁碳减排技术研究进展

杨梦茹¹(), 彭琴¹, 常玉龙¹^,², 邱淑兴³, 张溅波³, 江霞¹^,²()

^1.四川大学建筑与环境学院，四川成都 610065
^2.四川大学碳中和未来技术学院，四川成都 610065
^3.攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司，四川攀枝花 617000

收稿日期:2023-02-24 修回日期:2023-06-12 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-02-05
通讯作者: 江霞
作者简介:杨梦茹（1998—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为生物炭功能材料。E-mail：987099724@qq.com。
基金资助:
四川省科技厅重点研发基金(2023YFS0357);攀钢低碳工艺路线图研究基金(21H0936)

Research progress of carbon emission reduction technology with biochar replacing pulverized coal/coke for blast furnace ironmaking

YANG Mengru¹(), PENG Qin¹, CHANG Yulong¹^,², QIU Shuxing³, ZHANG Jianbo³, JIANG Xia¹^,²()

^1.College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
^2.College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
^3.Panzhihua Iron and Steel Research Institute Company Limited of Pangang Group, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China

Received:2023-02-24 Revised:2023-06-12 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2024-02-05
Contact: JIANG Xia

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钢铁行业是能源消耗和碳排放大户，因此在碳中和背景下寻求可替代传统煤的零碳原料是钢铁行业重点发展的碳减排技术。生物炭具有碳中性特征，碳含量和热值与煤接近，是煤粉和焦炭理想的替代原料。本文系统介绍了生物炭在炼焦、烧结、高炉炼铁中的潜在利用途径，并进一步聚焦生物炭应用于高炉炼铁时所需具备的理化特性，阐述了生物炭碱金属、强度、粒度与比表面积在替煤代焦时的影响及机理。针对碱金属降低焦炭强度等问题，介绍了酸洗等脱矿方法降低生物炭碱金属含量；针对生物炭机械强度差难以入炉问题，总结了焦炭强度形成机理和生物炭成型增强工艺；针对生物炭导致炼焦煤混合物流动性变差问题，通过调控生物炭粒度和比表面积以降低对焦炭的负面影响。最后，总结了生物炭替代煤粉和焦炭高炉炼铁的国内外进展及预期CO₂减排效果。通过分析生物炭替煤代焦目前工业应用中存在的挑战以及生命周期评价的相关研究情况，为未来钢铁行业实现碳中和提供技术支撑。

关键词: 生物质, 生物炭, 高炉炼铁, 替煤代焦, 二氧化碳, 碳中和, 生命周期评价

Abstract:

The steel industry is a major energy consumer and carbon emitter, so seeking zero-carbon raw materials that can replace traditional coal in the context of carbon neutrality is a key carbon emission reduction technology for the steel industry. Biochar has the characteristics of carbon neutrality, and the carbon content and calorific value are close to that of coal, which is an ideal alternative raw material for pulverized coal and coke. This paper introduced the potential utilization methods of biochar in coking, sintering and blast furnace ironmaking, focused on the physical and chemical characteristics of biochar when applied to blast furnace ironmaking and expounded the effects and mechanisms of biochar alkali metal, strength, particle size and specific surface area in coal substitution. Aiming at the problems of alkali metal reducing coke strength, demineralization methods such as pickling were introduced to reduce the content of biochar alkali metal. Aiming at the problem that biochar had poor mechanical strength and was difficult to enter the furnace, the formation mechanism of coke strength and the enhancement process of biochar molding were summarized. In view of the problem of poor fluidity of coking coal mixture caused by biochar, the negative impact on coke was reduced by adjusting the particle size and specific surface area of biochar. Finally, the domestic and international progress of biochar in replacing pulverized coal and coke for blast furnace ironmaking and the expected CO₂ emission reduction effect were summarized. By analyzing the challenges of the current industrial application of biochar instead of coal/coke and the related research on life cycle assessment, it will provide technical support for the future carbon neutrality of the steel industry.

Key words: biomass, biochar, blast furnace ironmaking, substitution for coal and coke, carbon dioxide, carbon neutral, life cycle assessment

中图分类号:

杨梦茹, 彭琴, 常玉龙, 邱淑兴, 张溅波, 江霞. 生物炭替代煤粉/焦炭高炉炼铁碳减排技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(1): 490-500.

YANG Mengru, PENG Qin, CHANG Yulong, QIU Shuxing, ZHANG Jianbo, JIANG Xia. Research progress of carbon emission reduction technology with biochar replacing pulverized coal/coke for blast furnace ironmaking[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(1): 490-500.

图/表 7

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生物炭应用途径	常规原料添加量/kg·t^-1	生物炭替代率/%	生物炭添加量/kg·t^-1	净减排量/t·t^-1	净减排量CO₂排放/%
炼焦	480～560	2～10	9.6～56	0.02～0.11	1～5
烧结固体原料	76.5～102	50～100	38.3～102	0.12～0.32	5～15
高炉喷吹原料	150～200	0～100	0～200	0.41～0.55	19～25
高炉块焦	45	50～100	22.5～45	0.08～0.16	3～7
总计	751.5～907	0～100	70.4～403	0.63～1.14	28～52

生物炭应用途径	常规原料添加量/kg·t^-1	生物炭替代率/%	生物炭添加量/kg·t^-1	净减排量/t·t^-1	净减排量CO₂排放/%
炼焦	480～560	2～10	9.6～56	0.02～0.11	1～5
烧结固体原料	76.5～102	50～100	38.3～102	0.12～0.32	5～15
高炉喷吹原料	150～200	0～100	0～200	0.41～0.55	19～25
高炉块焦	45	50～100	22.5～45	0.08～0.16	3～7
总计	751.5～907	0～100	70.4～403	0.63～1.14	28～52

生物炭类型	处理条件	工业分析/%				元素分析/%					原子比		热值/MJ·kg^-1	参考文献
生物炭类型	处理条件	水分	固定碳	挥发分	灰分	C	H	O	N	S	H/C	O/C	热值/MJ·kg^-1	参考文献
小麦秸秆炭	热解炭化	—	54.29	18.43	27.28	55.60	1.75	14.04	0.60	0.74	0.38	0.19	20.71	[35]
小麦秸秆炭	水热炭化	—	48.12	49.13	2.76	69.52	5.34	23.98	0.98	0.18	0.92	0.26	28.32	[34]
玉米秸秆炭	热解炭化	—	60.30	16.95	22.75	61.47	1.87	13.00	0.70	0.21	0.37	0.16	21.64	[35]
玉米秸秆炭	水热炭化	—	46.86	48.39	4.75	71.84	5.46	20.72	1.60	0.38	0.91	0.22	29.78	[34]
棉花秸秆炭	热解炭化	—	68.66	16.56	14.78	72.27	2.07	9.09	1.42	0.38	0.34	0.09	33.94	[35]
水稻秸秆炭	热解炭化	—	43.23	22.06	34.71	46.40	2.19	15.31	0.72	0.67	0.57	0.25	21.17	[35]
无花果炭	热解炭化	—	76.59	21.04	2.37	88.81	5.34	5.12	0.62	0.10	0.72	0.04	36.00	[16]
杨木炭	热解炭化	1.44	83.79	12.22	2.55	87.89	2.23	5.08	0.71	0.10	0.30	0.04	32.73	[40]
桦木炭	热解炭化	—	87.80	11.00	1.20	89.90	3.07	5.30	0.54	0.01	0.41	0.04	34.50	[16]
核桃壳炭	热解炭化	3.82	74.52	18.71	2.59	77.97	3.22	17.69	1.12	—	0.50	0.17	29.30	[45]
竹炭	热解炭化	—	67.62	29.22	3.16	73.12	3.63	22.78	0.47	—	0.60	0.23	26.60	[45]
花生壳炭	热解炭化	2.26	81.51	13.89	2.34	83.48	3.69	7.01	1.04	0.18	0.53	0.06	29.08	[46]
甜菜浆炭	水热炭化	3.95	28.34	66.71	1.00	60.08	5.86	26.30	2.09	0.00	1.17	0.33	25.36	[47]
无烟煤	—	—	74.20	9.49	11.58	82.70	3.26	1.04	1.13	0.29	0.47	0.01	32.37	[34]
烟煤	—	—	52.28	40.41	7.31	63.10	3.14	9.86	0.88	1.03	0.59	0.12	21.68	[35]

生物炭类型	处理条件	工业分析/%				元素分析/%					原子比		热值/MJ·kg^-1	参考文献
生物炭类型	处理条件	水分	固定碳	挥发分	灰分	C	H	O	N	S	H/C	O/C	热值/MJ·kg^-1	参考文献
小麦秸秆炭	热解炭化	—	54.29	18.43	27.28	55.60	1.75	14.04	0.60	0.74	0.38	0.19	20.71	[35]
小麦秸秆炭	水热炭化	—	48.12	49.13	2.76	69.52	5.34	23.98	0.98	0.18	0.92	0.26	28.32	[34]
玉米秸秆炭	热解炭化	—	60.30	16.95	22.75	61.47	1.87	13.00	0.70	0.21	0.37	0.16	21.64	[35]
玉米秸秆炭	水热炭化	—	46.86	48.39	4.75	71.84	5.46	20.72	1.60	0.38	0.91	0.22	29.78	[34]
棉花秸秆炭	热解炭化	—	68.66	16.56	14.78	72.27	2.07	9.09	1.42	0.38	0.34	0.09	33.94	[35]
水稻秸秆炭	热解炭化	—	43.23	22.06	34.71	46.40	2.19	15.31	0.72	0.67	0.57	0.25	21.17	[35]
无花果炭	热解炭化	—	76.59	21.04	2.37	88.81	5.34	5.12	0.62	0.10	0.72	0.04	36.00	[16]
杨木炭	热解炭化	1.44	83.79	12.22	2.55	87.89	2.23	5.08	0.71	0.10	0.30	0.04	32.73	[40]
桦木炭	热解炭化	—	87.80	11.00	1.20	89.90	3.07	5.30	0.54	0.01	0.41	0.04	34.50	[16]
核桃壳炭	热解炭化	3.82	74.52	18.71	2.59	77.97	3.22	17.69	1.12	—	0.50	0.17	29.30	[45]
竹炭	热解炭化	—	67.62	29.22	3.16	73.12	3.63	22.78	0.47	—	0.60	0.23	26.60	[45]
花生壳炭	热解炭化	2.26	81.51	13.89	2.34	83.48	3.69	7.01	1.04	0.18	0.53	0.06	29.08	[46]
甜菜浆炭	水热炭化	3.95	28.34	66.71	1.00	60.08	5.86	26.30	2.09	0.00	1.17	0.33	25.36	[47]
无烟煤	—	—	74.20	9.49	11.58	82.70	3.26	1.04	1.13	0.29	0.47	0.01	32.37	[34]
烟煤	—	—	52.28	40.41	7.31	63.10	3.14	9.86	0.88	1.03	0.59	0.12	21.68	[35]

原料	热解温度/℃	脱矿溶液	Na质量分数/%	Na去除率/%	K质量分数/%	K去除率/%
FWF	300	—	1.65	—	1.55	—
		水	1.06	35.76	1.14	26.45
		CO₂饱和水溶液	0.70	57.58	0.78	49.68
	400	—	2.04	—	1.94	—
		水	1.47	27.94	1.48	23.71
		CO₂饱和水溶液	0.89	56.37	0.93	37.16
	500	—	2.81	—	2.97	—
		水	1.41	49.82	1.30	56.23
		CO₂饱和水溶液	0.86	69.40	0.94	68.35
FWC	300	—	1.11	—	0.99	—
		水	0.08	92.79	0.09	90.90
		CO₂饱和水溶液	0.09	91.89	0.11	88.89
	400	—	1.35	—	1.51	—
		水	0.52	61.48	0.61	59.60
		CO₂饱和水溶液	0.35	74.07	0.45	70.20
	500	—	2.08	—	2.04	—
		水	0.97	53.37	1.06	48.04
		CO₂饱和水溶液	0.50	75.96	0.60	70.59

生物炭替代煤粉/焦炭高炉炼铁碳减排技术研究进展

Research progress of carbon emission reduction technology with biochar replacing pulverized coal/coke for blast furnace ironmaking

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生物炭类型	热化学转化技术	生物炭喷吹量/kg·t^-1	CO₂理论减排量/kg·t^-1	国家	年份	参考文献
木炭	—	200	420	西班牙	2009	[76]
木炭	—	150	457	芬兰	2013	[77]
木炭	热解炭化	176~208	280~590	澳大利亚	2014	[78]
木炭	—	180	502	澳大利亚	2014	[79]
木炭	—	200~220	600	澳大利亚	2014	[80]
木炭	热解炭化	150~200	410~550	澳大利亚	2015	[81]
木炭	热解炭化	100	315	瑞典	2021	[82]
木炭	深度烘焙	100	221	瑞典	2021	[82]
木炭	浅度烘焙	100	132	瑞典	2021	[82]
木炭	热解炭化	140	约410	瑞典	2021	[83]
锯末炭	热解炭化	137.5	432.3	瑞典	2022	[73]
秸秆炭	热解炭化	14.8	47.9	中国	2013	[84]
秸秆炭	热解炭化	11.37	65.7	中国	2017	[35]
秸秆炭	水热炭化	90	145.7	中国	2022	[34]
棕榈壳炭	热解炭化	30	84.65	中国	2018	[33]

生物炭类型	生物炭替代焦炭量/kg·t^-1	CO₂理论减排量/kg·t^-1	国家	年份	参考文献
木炭	55	193	加拿大	2009	[85]
木炭	86	300	法国	2013	[86]
木炭	20	64	芬兰	2014	[77]
木炭	6~35	20~110	澳大利亚	2015	[81]
木炭	21	50	瑞典	2021	[83]

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