气相吸附制备仿生超疏水棉织物及其油水分离性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0092

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决水体的油污染问题，采用简单的气相吸附法将纳米银膜组装于棉织物表面并经十八烷基硫醇的修饰后，制备了一种超疏水性油水分离仿生材料。通过扫描电子显微镜和接触角测定仪对其表面的微观结构、纳米银膜负载情况和疏水性能进行了表征。结果显示，经改性后的棉织物表面由于具有类似荷叶表面的不规则微观结构，对水滴的接触角达到了164.4°，而对油滴的接触角近似为0°，表现出良好的疏水亲油性。油水分离实验和稳定性测试结果也表明，制备的仿生超疏水棉织物在经过10次循环分离实验后，其对不同类油水混合物的分离效率均能稳定在90%以上；同时，在经过不同腐蚀溶液（酸、碱、氯化钠、沸水）的浸泡以及砂纸的磨损后，所制备的超疏水棉织物的超疏水性能未发生较大改变，表明该材料具有良好的耐久性和稳定性。该研究有望为油污分离材料的制备提供参考。

关键词: 油水分离, 气相吸附, 超疏水, 纳米银, 棉织物

Abstract:

To solve the problem of oil contamination in water bodies, a superhydrophobic oil-water separation bionanomaterial was prepared by assembling nano-silver films on the surface of cotton fabric using a simple gas phase adsorption method and modified by octadecyl thiol. The surface microstructure, nano-silver film loading and hydrophobic properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle determination. The results showed that the modified cotton fabric surface exhibited good hydrophobic and lipophilic properties due to its irregular microstructure similar to a lotus leaf surface with a contact angle of 164.4° for water droplets and an approximate contact angle of 0° for oil droplets. The results of the oil-water separation experiments and stability tests also indicated that the separation efficiency of the prepared bionic superhydrophobic cotton fabric for different types of oil-water mixtures was stable at over 90% after 10cycles of separation experiments. Meanwhile, the superhydrophobic properties of the prepared superhydrophobic cotton fabric did not change significantly after immersion in different corrosive solutions (acid, alkali, sodium chloride, boiling water) and abrasion by sandpaper, indicating that the material had good durability, indicating that the material had good durability and stability. This study was expected to provide a reference for the preparation of oil separation materials.

Key words: oil-water separation, gas phase adsorption, superhydrophobic, nano-silver, cotton fabrics

中图分类号:

O647

王百祥, 张惠宁, 彭耀清, 任慧敏. 气相吸附制备仿生超疏水棉织物及其油水分离性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(12): 6490-6497.

WANG Baixiang, ZHANG Huining, PENG Yaoqing, REN Huimin. Preparation of biomimetic superhydrophobic cotton fabric by gas phase adsorption and its oil-water separation performance[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(12): 6490-6497.

图/表 9

图1 超疏水棉织物表面制备流程

图2 棉织物表面扫描电子显微镜图

图3 棉织物表面接触角及对水、油的润湿性

图4 超疏水棉织物油-水分离

图5 超疏水棉织物循环分离性能

表1 本文与文献中油水分离性能和疏水性对比

序号	油水分离性能/%	接触角	循环利用次数/次	文献来源
1	90	164.5°	10	李维斌等^[22]
2	82.8	160°	—	陈扣琴等^[23]
3	90.4	155.1°	—	张彩宁等^[24]
4	94	156°	30	侯珂珂等^[25]
5	96.4	164.4°	10	本工作

图6 超疏水棉织物油水分离机理展示图

图7 超疏水棉织物稳定性测试图

图8 超疏水棉织物耐磨性测试

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