聚氯乙烯基超疏水材料的制备及应用研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1683

化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 3676-3688.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1683

聚氯乙烯基超疏水材料的制备及应用研究进展

朱雪丹¹(), 姚亚丽¹, 马利利¹, 王嘉鑫¹, 杨杰², 彭磊¹, 何金梅¹, 屈孟男¹()

^1.西安科技大学化学与化工学院，陕西西安 710054
^2.西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院，陕西西安 710054

收稿日期:2021-08-09 修回日期:2021-09-18 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-23
通讯作者: 屈孟男
作者简介:朱雪丹（1985—），女，博士研究生，研究方向为仿生功能高分子材料。E-mail：zhuxuedan@xust.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51904228);陕西高校青年创新团队项目(21JP068);中国博士后科学基金(2019M663938XB);陕西省科技厅项目(2019JM-371);西安科技大学优秀青年科学基金(2019YQ2-09);西安科技大学胡杨学者计划

Progress in preparation and application of superhydrophobic materials based on polyvinyl chloride

ZHU Xuedan¹(), YAO Yali¹, MA Lili¹, WANG Jiaxin¹, YANG Jie², PENG Lei¹, HE Jinmei¹, QU Mengnan¹()

^1.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
^2.College of Safty Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China

Received:2021-08-09 Revised:2021-09-18 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-23
Contact: QU Mengnan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚氯乙烯（PVC）是世界上应用最广泛的塑料之一，因其具有化学和机械特性优异、廉价易得等优点而广泛应用于医疗器械制造、建筑、食品和电子等行业。PVC对水的接触角为90°，而在生物医学和金属防腐蚀等领域的应用中，需要PVC达到超疏水性能。因此，PVC基超疏水材料的需求也变得愈加迫切。本文综述了聚氯乙烯基超疏水材料的分类、制备方法和应用领域，对比了不同种类、不同制备方法的聚氯乙烯基超疏水材料的疏水性能优劣，总结出目前该领域的一些问题，主要包括制备工艺仅限于实验室操作、材料的耐磨耐久性及机械强度有待考察等，并指出该领域的发展方向：①开发简单、环保、低成本的大规模制备工艺；②克服PVC材料热、光稳定性差的弱点，发扬其耐腐蚀性好、机械强度高的优点，进一步扩大材料的应用范围。

关键词: 聚氯乙烯, 超疏水, 制备, 应用, 涂层

Abstract:

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most widely used plastics in the world because of its excellent chemical and mechanical characteristics, the advantages of cheap accessible and widely used in medical equipment manufacturing, construction, food and electronic industries. PVC has a contact angle of 90° to water and is required to achieve superhydrophobic properties in applications such as biomedical and metal corrosion prevention. Therefore, the demand for PVC-based superhydrophobic materials has become increasingly urgent. In this paper, the classification, preparation methods and application fields of PVC-based superhydrophobic materials are reviewed. The different types, different preparation methods of hydrophobic performance of polyvinyl chloride based superhydrophobic material are compared. Finally, some problems of this field are summarized, mainly including that the preparation process is limited to laboratory operations, and the wear resistance, durability and mechanical strength of the materials need to be investigated, etc. The development direction of this field is pointed out: ①developing a simple, environmentally friendly, low-cost large-scale preparation processes; ②overcoming the weak points of poor thermal and light stability of PVC materials, carrying forward its advantages of good corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength, and further expanding the application range of PVC materials.

Key words: polyvinyl chloride, superhydrophobic, preparation, application, coating

中图分类号:

TQ317.9

朱雪丹, 姚亚丽, 马利利, 王嘉鑫, 杨杰, 彭磊, 何金梅, 屈孟男. 聚氯乙烯基超疏水材料的制备及应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3676-3688.

ZHU Xuedan, YAO Yali, MA Lili, WANG Jiaxin, YANG Jie, PENG Lei, HE Jinmei, QU Mengnan. Progress in preparation and application of superhydrophobic materials based on polyvinyl chloride[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(7): 3676-3688.

图/表 14

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理论模型	二维模型	要点
Young方程		基于理想光滑平整固体表面，接触角取决于固体表面能
Wenzel模型		认为液体能完全进入固体表面的粗糙结构，粗糙度的增加有助于增加疏水固体表面的接触角
Cassie-Baxter方程		认为液体与粗糙结构之间会留存空气，使得液滴不会渗透进入表面粗糙结构中，提高固-气接触面积百分比可提高接触角
Cassie-Wenzel过渡态		Cassie和Wenzel两种状态可以共存也可以在一定情形发生转变，Cassie模式变为Wenzel模式时，表观接触角会降低

理论模型	二维模型	要点
Young方程		基于理想光滑平整固体表面，接触角取决于固体表面能
Wenzel模型		认为液体能完全进入固体表面的粗糙结构，粗糙度的增加有助于增加疏水固体表面的接触角
Cassie-Baxter方程		认为液体与粗糙结构之间会留存空气，使得液滴不会渗透进入表面粗糙结构中，提高固-气接触面积百分比可提高接触角
Cassie-Wenzel过渡态		Cassie和Wenzel两种状态可以共存也可以在一定情形发生转变，Cassie模式变为Wenzel模式时，表观接触角会降低

PVC膜类型	制备方法	共混聚合物/无机粒子	接触角	滑动角	应用领域	参考文献
单一PVC膜	NIPS（乙醇）	—	155°		金属防腐蚀	［14］
	NIPS（乙醇）	—	154°		耐酸碱腐蚀	［13］
	NIPS（乙酸）	—	150°±1.5°		耐酸碱腐蚀	［40］
	NIPS（甲醇、乙醇）	—	150°±3°		抗菌	［64］
	NIPS（乙醇）	—	154°		防生物污垢	［70］
	仿生模板法（荷叶）	—	157°±1.8°	3°±0.6°		［12］
含PVC的聚合物共混膜	NIPS（水）	PVDF	152°		自清洁	［34］
	溶剂压铸法	氟硅共聚物	117°			［55］
	表面沉积	PTFE	150°		除冰	［56］
PVC与无机粒子复合膜	NIPS（乙醇）	Ag₃PO₄	156°±1°	2°±1°	抗菌	［29］
	NIPS（乙醇）	碳纳米管	157°	<5°		［32］
	NIPS（乙醇）	疏水SiO₂（自购）	161°	<3°	抗菌	［63］
	仿生模板法（荷叶）	疏水SiO₂（HMDS）	162°	6°		［24］
	滴涂法	疏水SiO₂（HMDS）	168°		耐酸碱腐蚀	［22］
	喷涂法	疏水SiO₂（MTMS）	169°±2°	6°	自清洁、透明	［21］
	旋涂法	疏水SiO₂（TMCS）	162°		金属防腐蚀	［25］
	滴涂法	石英砂（DEDMS）	156°	6°	耐磨耐久	［27］
	滴涂法	高岭土（硬脂酸）	156°	<10°	耐磨耐腐蚀	［28］
	浸涂法	CS和ZnO	154°		金属防腐蚀	［59］
	静电纺丝	ZnO	146.39°		金属防腐蚀	［31］
	静电纺丝	TiO₂/石墨烯	168.3°/161°		光电极	［53］

PVC膜类型	制备方法	共混聚合物/无机粒子	接触角	滑动角	应用领域	参考文献
单一PVC膜	NIPS（乙醇）	—	155°		金属防腐蚀	［14］
	NIPS（乙醇）	—	154°		耐酸碱腐蚀	［13］
	NIPS（乙酸）	—	150°±1.5°		耐酸碱腐蚀	［40］
	NIPS（甲醇、乙醇）	—	150°±3°		抗菌	［64］
	NIPS（乙醇）	—	154°		防生物污垢	［70］
	仿生模板法（荷叶）	—	157°±1.8°	3°±0.6°		［12］
含PVC的聚合物共混膜	NIPS（水）	PVDF	152°		自清洁	［34］
	溶剂压铸法	氟硅共聚物	117°			［55］
	表面沉积	PTFE	150°		除冰	［56］
PVC与无机粒子复合膜	NIPS（乙醇）	Ag₃PO₄	156°±1°	2°±1°	抗菌	［29］
	NIPS（乙醇）	碳纳米管	157°	<5°		［32］
	NIPS（乙醇）	疏水SiO₂（自购）	161°	<3°	抗菌	［63］
	仿生模板法（荷叶）	疏水SiO₂（HMDS）	162°	6°		［24］
	滴涂法	疏水SiO₂（HMDS）	168°		耐酸碱腐蚀	［22］
	喷涂法	疏水SiO₂（MTMS）	169°±2°	6°	自清洁、透明	［21］
	旋涂法	疏水SiO₂（TMCS）	162°		金属防腐蚀	［25］
	滴涂法	石英砂（DEDMS）	156°	6°	耐磨耐久	［27］
	滴涂法	高岭土（硬脂酸）	156°	<10°	耐磨耐腐蚀	［28］
	浸涂法	CS和ZnO	154°		金属防腐蚀	［59］
	静电纺丝	ZnO	146.39°		金属防腐蚀	［31］
	静电纺丝	TiO₂/石墨烯	168.3°/161°		光电极	［53］

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聚氯乙烯基超疏水材料的制备及应用研究进展

Progress in preparation and application of superhydrophobic materials based on polyvinyl chloride

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