聚酰亚胺基固体润滑复合材料研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚酰亚胺（PI）具有优异的热学性能、力学性能、化学稳定性和低介电常数，被广泛应用在轴承、齿轮、制动器和微电子等领域，是一类广泛使用的固体润滑有机高分子材料。然而，纯PI因摩擦系数大、磨损率高的问题，严重影响服役寿命。本文首先总结了零维（0D）、一维（1D）和二维（2D）不同维度润滑相材料影响PI摩擦性能的研究进展，探讨了单一维度润滑相材料在PI基体中减摩耐磨的作用机理。其次，分析了多维度（0D-1D、0D-2D、1D-2D）润滑相杂化材料对PI基体的润滑作用规律，相较于单一维度润滑相材料，多维度润滑相杂化材料对改善PI摩擦性能的效果较好。进一步讨论了不同维度润滑相对PI复合材料力学性能的影响。最后指出，PI基固体润滑复合材料未来的研究方向除开发新型润滑相材料外，还需深入研究PI复合材料在不同工况下的摩擦行为，同时借助模拟仿真手段，揭示润滑相材料对PI的作用机理。

关键词: 聚酰亚胺, 摩擦, 磨损, 润滑, 复合材料

Abstract:

Polyimide (PI) matrix is a ubiquitous solid lubricating organic polymer material in shafts, gears, brakes and microelectronics due to superior thermal resistance, mechanical properties, chemical stability and low dielectric constants. However, the high friction coefficient and poor wear resistance of pristine PI severely limit further application and reduce service life. Firstly, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of tribological performance of PI by introducing zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) lubricating phase materials. The anti-friction and anti-wear mechanism on PI by adding different single-dimensional lubricating phase materials are discussed in detail. Secondly, the lubricating effect of multidimensional (0D-1D, 0D-2D, 1D-2D) hybrid lubricating materials on PI matrix is analyzed. Multidimensional hybrid lubricating materials show the optimal tribological properties for PI matrix compared to single-dimensional materials. Thirdly, the influence of different dimensional lubricating phase materials on the mechanical properties of PI-based composites is further reviewed. Finally, it is pointed out that the future research trend of PI-based solid lubricating composites should be focused on the friction behavior under different working conditions in addition to the development of new lubricating materials, while revealing the mechanism of lubrication between PI and lubricating phase through simulation studies.

Key words: polyimide, friction, wear, lubrication, composites

中图分类号:

TB332

姜帅, 王姗, 韩旭辉, 张奇, 柴春鹏. 聚酰亚胺基固体润滑复合材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(11): 5811-5830.

JIANG Shuai, WANG Shan, HAN Xuhui, ZHANG Qi, CHAI Chunpeng. Research progress of polyimide-based solid lubricating composites[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(11): 5811-5830.

图/表 12

图1 含不同维度润滑相的PI基固体润滑复合材料

图2 ZnO填充PI的摩擦性能磨损机理[28]

图3 TPI复合材料在室温~350℃下的摩擦性能变化及摩擦形成Ag2MoO4作用机理[30]

图4 PI/PES/SiO2复合材料摩擦后磨痕和磨斑光镜[31]

图5 CF填充改性PI合成流程及摩擦性能结果[55]

表1 CNTs改善PI摩擦性能的报道

基体	CNTs改性方法	复合方法	最佳添加量 /%	摩擦系数变化 /%	磨损率变化 /%	参考文献
PI	未改性	机械混合	0.05	20.0↑	↓	[58]
PI	未改性	机械混合	>8.00	↓	↓	[59]
PI	羧酸化	原位聚合	0.70	14.6↓	12.9↓	[60]
PI	氨基化	原位聚合	0.70	25.2↓	73.7↓	[61]
PI	羧酸化	原位聚合	0.10	90.7↓	82.0↓	[62]
PI	酰胺化	溶液挥发	3.00	↑	↓	[63]

图6 MWCNTs润滑作用机理[62]

图7 改性二维材料复合PI的摩擦磨损机理[65]

图8 离子液体改性GN复合PI摩擦性能、力学性能、热性能变化及摩擦磨损机理[70]

图9 纯PI及PI/NG摩擦磨损机理[77]

图10 PI与Cu、RGO、Cu/RGO、Cu@RGO复合摩擦磨损机理[91]

图11 PI/GO/CNTs复合材料的制备过程、摩擦系数随时间变化及摩擦磨损机理[95]

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