表面强化镀层对高速轴承腔密封端面变形及摩擦磨损影响分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1066

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示表面强化镀层有效改善高速轴承腔油润滑机械密封的耐磨性和稳定性机制，本文采用数值分析与试验相结合的方法，对端面镀Cr强化机械密封展开端面变形及摩擦磨损性能分析。通过热力耦合数值模拟分析了不同厚度Cr镀层摩擦副对端面温升、变形的影响，使用摩擦磨损试验机研究了相应摩擦副对摩擦系数和磨损量的影响，采用高速密封样机测试了端面温升、密封效果，探究了强化镀层密封端面摩擦磨损强化机理。结果表明：热力耦合作用下高速密封端面产生发散型变形，端面磨损以磨粒磨损为主，端面外侧出现局部黏着磨损；对比无镀层密封端面，Cr镀层端面变形小，温升低，更容易形成稳定的摩擦转移膜；适当增加Cr强化层厚度有利于降低端面温升，提高密封稳定性，高速轻载工况下较优镀层厚度约为0.15mm。本文研究结果可以为高速轴承腔油润滑机械密封材料选配和结构优化提供借鉴。

关键词: 优化, 表面, 热力学, 数值模拟, 传热, 磨损

Abstract:

In order to reveal the mechanism of surface strengthening coating effectively improving wear resistance and stability of high-speed bearing cavity oil lubricated mechanical seal, in this paper, the end face deformation and friction and wear performance of mechanical seal enhanced by Cr coating were analyzed by combining numerical analysis and experiment. The influence of friction pair of Cr coating with different thickness on the temperature and deformation of the end face was analyzed by thermodynamic coupling numerical simulation. The influence of corresponding friction pairs on friction coefficient and wear quantity was studied using friction and wear testing machine. The temperature rise and sealing effect of the end face were tested with a high-speed sealing prototype, and the mechanism of friction and wear enhancement of the end face was explored. The results showed that under the action of thermo-mechanical coupling, divergence deformation occurs on the end face of high-speed seal. The wear of end face was mainly abrasive wear, while local adhesive wear occurred on the outside of end face. Compared with non-coating sealing end face, Cr coating end face had less deformation and low temperature rise. Stable friction transfer film on Cr coating was easier to form. Appropriately increasing the thickness of Cr reinforcing layer was beneficial to reduce the temperature rise of the end face and improve the seal stability. The optimal coating thickness was about 0.15mm under high speed and light load conditions. The results of this paper can provide reference for material selection and structure optimization of high-speed bearing cavity oil lubricated mechanical seal.

Key words: optimization, surface, thermodynamics, numerical simulation, heat transfer, attrition

中图分类号:

TH136

马润梅, 杨海超, 李正大, 李双喜, 赵祥, 章国庆. 表面强化镀层对高速轴承腔密封端面变形及摩擦磨损影响分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 1688-1697.

MA Runmei, YANG Haichao, LI Zhengda, LI Shuangxi, ZHAO Xiang, ZHANG Guoqing. Influence analysis of coating on deformation and frictional wear of mechanical seal end for high-speed bearing cavity[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(4): 1688-1697.

图/表 18

图1 机械密封结构示意图

表1 动静环材料参数

动静环材料	密度ρ/kg·m^-3	比热容c_p /J·kg^-1·℃^-1	肖氏硬度	抗压强度σ_bc/MPa	线性热膨胀系数αt/℃^-1	热导率K/W·m^-1·℃^-1
MF-307石墨	1.94×10³	690	75	196	5×10^-5	120
38CrMoAlA	7.85×10³	475	90	830	12.3×10^-6	44.5
Cr	7.19×10³	450	105	841	6.5×10^-6	91.3

表2 介质材料参数

介质材料	密度ρ/kg·m^-3	比热容c_p /J·kg^-1·℃^-1	介质热导率α/W·m^-1·℃^-1	运动黏度v/m²·s^-1	普朗克系数Pr
空气	1.29	1.003	0.023	14.8×10^-6	0.7
GPL104氟醚油	873	1.873	0.132	124.3×10⁶	1532.4

图2 模型边界条件示意图

图3 有无镀层动静环配对的温度场云图

图4 有无镀层动静环配对的变形场云图

图5 40N弹簧力下转速对动静环端面变形的影响

图6 2000r/min转速下弹簧力对动静环端面变形的影响

图7 摩擦磨损试验结构示意图

图8 动静环实物图

表3 动静环配对方式与摩擦系数测量结果

编号	润滑方式	静环材料	动环材料	摩擦系数
A1配对	GPL104氟醚油	MF-307石墨	38CrMoAlA	0.14~0.19
A2配对	GPL104氟醚油	MF-307石墨	38CrMoAlA（Cr镀层厚度0.05mm）	0.07~0.12
A3配对	GPL104氟醚油	MF-307石墨	38CrMoAlA（Cr镀层厚度0.15mm）	0.05~0.11

图9 弹簧力对摩擦系数的影响

图10 转速对摩擦系数的影响

图11 台架试验装置示意图

图12 不同厚度镀层动静环配对下静环端面磨损量的径向分布曲线图

图13 弹簧力与端面温度的关系曲线

图14 试验前后动环端面形貌对比

图15 试验后动环端面磨痕情况

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