偏心工况下梳齿、蜂窝与蜂窝-梳齿密封的泄漏特性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对化工行业中透平机械运行过程中梳齿及蜂窝密封存在的偏心问题，本文搭建了高速旋转密封试验装置，通过试验真实还原化工行业高速旋转机械不同密封径向偏心和角向偏心工况，开展了不同径向与角向偏心状态下的不同结构密封的泄漏特性试验研究，揭示了偏心下梳齿密封、蜂窝密封及蜂窝-梳齿组合密封的封严机理，为化工透平机械的梳齿密封与蜂窝密封的设计与优化提供理论支撑。本文主要对比了梳齿密封、蜂窝密封及蜂窝-梳齿组合密封在径向偏心与角向偏心工况下的泄漏特性。主要结果表明：蜂窝-梳齿结构在所有测试条件下泄漏率最大，但其对偏心的敏感程度最低，受偏心的影响程度最小；蜂窝-光轴结构在所有测试条件下泄漏率最小，可以有效阻碍气体流动；梳齿-光轴结构在所有测试条件下对偏心的敏感程度最高，受偏心的影响程度最大，体现出显著的不稳定性。

关键词: 梳齿密封, 蜂窝密封, 泄漏特性, 径向与角向偏心, 流动

Abstract:

In view of the eccentricity problem of labyrinth seal and honeycomb seal in the operation of turbine machinery in the chemical industry, a high-speed rotating seal test device was established in this paper. Through the test, the radial and angular eccentricity conditions of different seals of high-speed rotating machinery in the chemical industry were truly restored, and the leakage characteristics of different structural seals under different radial and angular eccentricity conditions were studied. The sealing mechanism of labyrinth seal, honeycomb seal and honeycomb-labyrinth seal under eccentricity was revealed, which provided theoretical support for the design and optimization of labyrinth seal and honeycomb seal of chemical turbine machinery. This paper mainly compared the leakage characteristics of labyrinth seal, honeycomb seal and honeycomb-labyrinth combined seal under radial eccentricity and angular eccentricity. The main results showed that the honeycomb-labyrinth structure had the largest leakage under all test conditions, but the sensitivity to eccentricity was the lowest and the influence of eccentricity was the smallest. The honeycomb-smooth axis structure had the smallest leakage under all test conditions, which can effectively hinder the gas flow. The labyrinth-smooth axis structure had the highest sensitivity to eccentricity under all test conditions, and was most affected by eccentricity, which reflected the obvious instability.

Key words: labyrinth seal, honeycomb seal, leakage characteristics, radial and angular eccentricity, flow

中图分类号:

TB42

王文昊, 何立东, 王学志, 闫泽, 贾兴运, 刘春瑞. 偏心工况下梳齿、蜂窝与蜂窝-梳齿密封的泄漏特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 1698-1707.

WANG Wenhao, HE Lidong, WANG Xuezhi, YAN Ze, JIA Xingyun, LIU Chunrui. Leakage characteristics of labyrinth, honeycomb and honeycomb-labyrinth seals under eccentric conditions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(4): 1698-1707.

图/表 18

参考文献 29

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参数	梳齿密封	3.2mm蜂窝密封	1.6mm蜂窝密封
密封直径d/mm	55	55	55
密封间隙c/mm	0.15	0.15	0.15
齿高/芯格深度h/mm	3.2	3.2	3.2
齿厚/芯格壁厚t/mm	0.5	0.1	0.1
齿距P/mm	4.1	—	—
芯格宽度s/mm	—	3.2	1.6
密封长度L/mm	25.1	24	24
齿数/芯格层数n	7	8	14

参数	梳齿密封	3.2mm蜂窝密封	1.6mm蜂窝密封
密封直径d/mm	55	55	55
密封间隙c/mm	0.15	0.15	0.15
齿高/芯格深度h/mm	3.2	3.2	3.2
齿厚/芯格壁厚t/mm	0.5	0.1	0.1
齿距P/mm	4.1	—	—
芯格宽度s/mm	—	3.2	1.6
密封长度L/mm	25.1	24	24
齿数/芯格层数n	7	8	14

密封类型	泄漏率 /m³·h^-1	相对梳齿密封的泄漏率变化率/%
梳齿密封-光轴（原型）	3.64	—
1.6mm蜂窝密封-光滑轴	3.07	-15.7
3.2mm蜂窝密封-光滑轴	2.98	-18.1
1.6mm蜂窝-梳齿组合密封	6.21	70.6
3.2mm蜂窝-梳齿组合密封	6.36	74.7

密封类型	泄漏率 /m³·h^-1	相对梳齿密封的泄漏率变化率/%
梳齿密封-光轴（原型）	3.64	—
1.6mm蜂窝密封-光滑轴	3.07	-15.7
3.2mm蜂窝密封-光滑轴	2.98	-18.1
1.6mm蜂窝-梳齿组合密封	6.21	70.6
3.2mm蜂窝-梳齿组合密封	6.36	74.7

密封类型	无偏心时泄漏率/m³·h^-1	径向偏心时泄漏率/m³·h^-1	泄漏率变化率/%
梳齿密封-光滑轴	3.81	4.40	15.5
1.6mm蜂窝密封-光滑轴	3.64	4.10	12.6
3.2mm蜂窝密封-光滑轴	3.11	3.40	9.5
1.6mm蜂窝-梳齿组合密封	5.95	6.50	9.3
3.2mm蜂窝-梳齿组合密封	4.81	5.15	7.0