深度调峰锅炉水动力特性分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1143

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

依据某600MW超临界机组锅炉的水冷壁结构特性，将水冷壁系统中的各种进出口集箱及复杂的并联管简化为压力节点及流通回路从而建立水冷壁的水动力计算模型及壁温计算模型。针对锅炉在BMCR负荷、30%BMCR设计负荷及深度调峰提高压力运行时的30%BMCR负荷进行水动力计算及壁温计算，得到了提高工作压力前后在30%BMCR负荷时的水冷壁流量分配及金属壁温沿管内工质流动方向的分布趋势。分析结果表明，提高压力后垂直管屏流量分配由负响应特性转变为正响应特性，有利于垂直管屏安全性。锅炉水冷壁在深度调峰提高压力运行30%BMCR负荷下，水动力特性和壁温峰值均处于允许范围之内，运行压力的增加提高了锅炉低负荷运行垂直水冷壁的安全性，可以作为提高锅炉深度调峰水冷壁水动力循环安全性的运行方案。

关键词: 超临界锅炉, 气液两相流, 水冷壁, 深度调峰

Abstract:

According to the structural characteristics of the water wall of a 600MW supercritical unit boiler, various headers and complex parallel pipes in the water wall system were simplified and equivalent to pressure nodes and flow circuits to establish the hydrodynamic calculation model and metal temperature calculation model for the water wall system. Hydrodynamic calculation and metal temperature calculation were solved for the boiler in Boiler Maximum Continuous Rating (BMCR) load, design 30% BMCR load and 30% BMCR during deep peak shaving operation. The flow distribution of the water wall, pressure of each header and the metal temperature of the pipe along the direction of the working fluid flow under the initial constant pressure was increased before and after the 30% BMCR load was obtained. The calculation results showed that the flow distribution of the vertical tube panel changed from negative response to positive response after the initial constant pressure was increased, which was conducive to the safety of vertical tube screens. Under the three loads, the peak metal temperature of the boiler water wall was within the allowable range, and the water wall was safe and reliable. The increase in operating pressure improved the safety of the vertical water wall under lower load operation.

Key words: supercritical boiler, gas-liquid flow, riser, peaking operation

中图分类号:

TK222

庞力平, 袁虎, 丘文生, 段立强, 李文学. 深度调峰锅炉水动力特性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 1708-1718.

PANG Liping, YUAN Hu, QIU Wensheng, DUAN Liqiang, LI Wenxue. Hydrodynamic characteristics during peaking operation in utility boiler[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(4): 1708-1718.

图/表 25

图1 炉膛内的螺旋管和垂直管屏

表1 锅炉水冷壁的结构参数

水冷壁类型	管材	管子尺寸/mm×mm	管子类型	节距/mm	根数	与水平方向夹角/(°)
螺旋管圈水冷壁	15GrMoG	ϕ38×6.5	膜式壁	53	436	17.893
垂直管水冷壁	15GrMoG	ϕ31.8×5.5	膜式壁	57.5	1312	90
后水悬吊管	15GrMoG	ϕ76×12.5	吊挂管	230	95	90
水平烟道底包墙	15GrMoG	ϕ44.5×6.3	膜式壁	57.5	385	17.53/35/20/90
水平烟道侧包墙	15GrMoG	ϕ44.5×6.3	膜式壁	115	92	90

图2 锅炉180MW-30% BMCR负荷运行情况

图3 深度调峰锅炉主蒸汽压力和水冷壁质量流量

图4 BMCR负荷下沿炉膛高度方向热负荷分布

图5 沿炉膛宽（深）度方向热负荷分布

图6 下炉膛螺旋管圈水冷壁回路划分示意图

图7 上炉膛垂直管屏水冷壁回路划分示意图

图8 水冷壁系统的流动网络图

表2 水冷壁系统压降计算值

项目	100% BMCR	75% THA	30% BMCR
螺旋管圈压降/MPa	0.93	0.509	0.358
垂直管屏压降/MPa	0.14	0.084	0.049
折焰角及水平烟道包墙压降/MPa	0.276	0.159	0.086
水冷壁系统总压降/MPa	1.363	0.759	0.497

表3 发电机功率为185.40MW时实测值与计算值对比

项目	实测值	计算值	相对误差
水冷壁入口联箱压力/MPa	16.477	16.476	-0.01%
中间联箱压力/MPa	16.178	16.178	0.00%
折焰角汇集集箱工质温度/℃	354.32	354.4	0.02%
分离器出口压力/MPa	16.082	16.087	0.03%
分离器温度/℃	360.57	361.1	0.15%

图9 螺旋管出口工质温度对比

图10 垂直管出口工质温度对比

表4 变压运行前后水冷壁系统压降计算值

压降	变压前30% BMCR	变压后30% BMCR
螺旋管圈压降/kPa	358	308
垂直管屏压降/kPa	49	47
折焰角及延伸包墙压降/kPa	86	57
水冷壁系统总压降/kPa	497	403

图11 变压运行前后螺旋管水冷壁9回路内压降对比

表5 变压运行前后回路9内主要参数的对比

项目	变压前30% BMCR	变压后30% BMCR
两相区起始点/m	48.3	70.0
两相区长度/m	77.2	55.5
螺旋管出口工质干度/%	78.7	64.3
质量流速/kg·m^-2·s^-1	734.8	739.2

图12 提高运行压力前后下炉膛水冷壁质量流速分配

图13 变压运行前后垂直管屏水冷壁61回路内压降对比

表6 变压运行前后回路61内主要参数的对比

项目	变压前30% BMCR	变压后30% BMCR
两相区长度/m	8.2	14.0
入口干度/%	78.7	64.3
工质出口密度/kg·m^-3	39.66	78.58

图14 变压运行前后上炉膛水冷壁质量流速分配

图15 动态蓄质量法校验提高压力前后第9回路管子脉动

图16 BMCR负荷时下炉膛9回路壁温沿回路沿程的分布

图17 BMCR负荷时上炉膛61回路壁温沿炉高的分布

图18 变压运行前、后9回路壁温沿回路沿程的分布

图19 变压运行前后61回路壁温沿炉高的分布

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