合成气的生物利用与定向转化

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1543

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 73-85.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1543

• —碳化合物生物利用与转化 • 上一篇下一篇

合成气的生物利用与定向转化

李婉麒¹^,²(), 杨凤娟³(), 贾德臣¹^,², 姜卫红¹(), 顾阳¹()

^1.中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心，中国科学院合成生物学重点实验室，上海 200032
^2.中国科学院大学，北京 100039
^3.上海师范大学生命科学学院，上海 200234

收稿日期:2022-08-19 修回日期:2022-10-07 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-02-20
通讯作者: 姜卫红,顾阳
作者简介:李婉麒（1999—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向微生物代谢工程。E-mail：liwanqi@cemps.ac.cn
杨凤娟（1999—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向微生物代谢工程。E-mail：1000511033@smail.shnu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2103500);上海市科学技术委员会科研计划(21DZ1209100);中国科学院洁净能源创新研究院合作基金(DNL202013)

Biological utilization and conversion of syngas

LI Wanqi¹^,²(), YANG Fengjuan³(), JIA Dechen¹^,², JIANG Weihong¹(), GU Yang¹()

^1.CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
^2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
^3.College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China

Received:2022-08-19 Revised:2022-10-07 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-02-20
Contact: JIANG Weihong, GU Yang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

合成气是来源于石化、煤化工以及生物质加工行业的一类重要原料气体。现有的化学催化路线可将合成气转化为氨、烯烃、甲醇等大宗化工产品，但尚无法实现选择性地合成具有较高附加值的长碳链化合物，而发展合成气的生物转化路线是克服上述难题、拓展产业链的有效策略。本文综述了随着分子遗传操作工具以及合成生物学的快速发展，合成气生物利用相关的菌株代谢工程设计、改造以及发酵工艺优化等方面的研究进展和产业化进程，并指出目前该技术路线在固碳效率、产物合成种类及产量方面还存在不足，亟待优化以满足大规模工业化推广应用的要求。本文还对合成气生物利用与转化的研究现状进行了梳理和总结，并探讨了未来的发展方向，以期为建立具有经济竞争力的合成气生物利用技术和工艺提供参考。

关键词: 合成气, 生物利用, 菌株改造, 发酵过程, 工业化

Abstract:

Syngas is a group of important raw gases from petrochemical, coal chemical and biomass processing industries. Chemical catalysis has been used for converting syngas into multiple bulk chemicals such as ammonia, olefin and methanol, but cannot achieve the production of long-chain value-added compounds from syngas with high selectivity. Biological conversion, as an effective approach to surmount the above problem, is expected to expand the syngas industry chain. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular genetic tools and synthetic biology, strain design and modification and fermentation technologies, which are associated with syngas utilization, have been widely studied. However, the carbon fixation efficiency and product spectrum and yield of microbial syngas utilization is urgent to be improved to meet the requirements of large-scale industrialization. Here, we reviewed the latest research progresses in biological conversion of syngas and discussed the trends of future development, aiming to provide information on the development of more economically viable technologies and processes for syngas utilization.

Key words: syngas, biological utilization, strain modification, fermentation process, industrialization

中图分类号:

Q815

李婉麒, 杨凤娟, 贾德臣, 姜卫红, 顾阳. 合成气的生物利用与定向转化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(1): 73-85.

LI Wanqi, YANG Fengjuan, JIA Dechen, JIANG Weihong, GU Yang. Biological utilization and conversion of syngas[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(1): 73-85.

图/表 6

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来源	气体组成及体积分数/%
来源	氢气	一氧化碳	二氧化碳	氮气+氩气	氧气	甲烷
天然气蒸气转化	72.5	15.0	8.5	1.0	—	3.0
水煤浆加压气化	33.8	48.4	17.6	0.05	—	0.15
Shell粉煤气化	27.4	63.5	1.48	7.6	—	0.02
灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化	34.2	35.6	27.5	1.1	0.1～0.2	1.5
地下煤气化（一段法）	46.5	15.5	29.0	1.3	0.2	7.5
地下煤气化（两段法）	64.0	11.3	11.0	3.5	—	9.9
焦炉气	54.6	6～7	1～3	3～5	0.3～0.7	24～28
电石炉气	5.0	70～90	1～3	2～5	0.2～1.0	—
渣油部分氧化	49.3	50.1	—	0.2～0.3	—	0.3
生物质气化	37～43	31～34	3～10	10～20	—	2～3

来源	气体组成及体积分数/%
来源	氢气	一氧化碳	二氧化碳	氮气+氩气	氧气	甲烷
天然气蒸气转化	72.5	15.0	8.5	1.0	—	3.0
水煤浆加压气化	33.8	48.4	17.6	0.05	—	0.15
Shell粉煤气化	27.4	63.5	1.48	7.6	—	0.02
灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化	34.2	35.6	27.5	1.1	0.1～0.2	1.5
地下煤气化（一段法）	46.5	15.5	29.0	1.3	0.2	7.5
地下煤气化（两段法）	64.0	11.3	11.0	3.5	—	9.9
焦炉气	54.6	6～7	1～3	3～5	0.3～0.7	24～28
电石炉气	5.0	70～90	1～3	2～5	0.2～1.0	—
渣油部分氧化	49.3	50.1	—	0.2～0.3	—	0.3
生物质气化	37～43	31～34	3～10	10～20	—	2～3

原料	成分及体积分数/%
原料	一氧化碳	二氧化碳	氢气	氮气	甲烷	其他
柳枝稷	14.7	16.5	4.4	56.8	4.2	3.4
松木片	16.1	13.6	16.6	37.6	2.7	13.4
柳树	9.4	17.1	7.2	60.5	3.3	2.5
可可壳	8	16	9	61.5	2.3	3.2
乳制品生物质	8.7	15.7	18.6	56	0.6	0.4
草地早熟禾秸秆	12.9	17.4	2.6	64.2	2.1	0.8
拆除木材/纸张残余物	9.2	16.1	6.1	63.2	2.8	2.6

原料	成分及体积分数/%
原料	一氧化碳	二氧化碳	氢气	氮气	甲烷	其他
柳枝稷	14.7	16.5	4.4	56.8	4.2	3.4
松木片	16.1	13.6	16.6	37.6	2.7	13.4
柳树	9.4	17.1	7.2	60.5	3.3	2.5
可可壳	8	16	9	61.5	2.3	3.2
乳制品生物质	8.7	15.7	18.6	56	0.6	0.4
草地早熟禾秸秆	12.9	17.4	2.6	64.2	2.1	0.8
拆除木材/纸张残余物	9.2	16.1	6.1	63.2	2.8	2.6

微生物	底物	产品	最佳生长温度/℃	最适pH	参考文献
Acetobacterium bakii	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳；甲醇	乙酸	20	6.5	[11-12]
Acetobacterium woodii	氢气/二氧化碳；甲醇；甲酸	乙酸	30	7.0	[13-14]
Acetohalobium arabaticum	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳	乙酸	38～40	7.6～8.0	[15]
Blautia producta	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳	乙酸	37	7.0	[16-17]
Butyribacterium methylotrophicum	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳	乙酸、乙醇、丁酸、丁醇	37～40	7.5	[18-19]
Clostridium aceticum	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳	乙酸	30	8.3	[20-21]
Clostridium autoethanogenum	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳	2,3-丁二醇、乙酸、乙醇	37	6.0	[22-23]
Clostridium carboxidivorans	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳	乙酸、乙醇、丁酸、丁醇	38	5.0～7.0	[24-25]
Clostridium coskatii	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳	乙酸、乙醇	37	6.0	[26]
Clostridium drakei	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳	乙酸、乙醇、丁酸	30	5.4～7.5	[27-28]
Clostridium formicaceticum	CO, CH₃OH	乙酸、甲酸	37	8.1	[29-30]
Clostridium ljungdahlii	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳；甲酸	2,3-丁二醇、乙酸、乙醇	37	6.0	[31-32]
Clostridium magnum	氢气/二氧化碳；甲醇	乙酸	30	7.2	[33-34]
Clostridium mayombei	氢气/二氧化碳	乙酸	33	7.3	[35]
Clostridium ragsdalei	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳	2,3-丁二醇、乙酸、乙醇	37	6.3	[23, 26]
Clostridium scatologenes	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳；甲酸	乙酸、乙醇、丁酸	37	5.4～7.0	[36]
Eubacterium limosum	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳；甲醇；甲酸	乙酸、丁酸	37	7.0	[37-38]
Eubacterium callanderi	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳；甲醇	乙酸、丁酸	37	7.0	[39-40]
Sporomusa ovata	氢气/二氧化碳；甲醇；甲酸	乙酸	34	6.3	[41-42]
Oxobacter pfennigii	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳	乙酸、丁酸	36～38	7.3	[43]
Thermoacetogenium phaeum	氢气/二氧化碳；甲醇；甲酸	乙酸	60	6.8	[44-45]
Thermoanaerobacter kivui	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳；甲酸	乙酸	66	6.4	[46-47]
Treponema primitia	氢气/二氧化碳	乙酸	30	7.2	[48-49]
Moorella thermoacetica	氢气/二氧化碳；一氧化碳；甲醇；甲酸	乙酸	55	7.0	[50-51]

合成气的生物利用与定向转化

Biological utilization and conversion of syngas

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