降低湿法锌冶炼废渣中铅含量

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-0595

化工进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 4672-4678.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-0595

降低湿法锌冶炼废渣中铅含量

高丽霞, 戴子林, 张魁芳, 刘志强

广东省稀有金属研究所, 广东省稀土开发及应用重点实验室, 广东广州 510651

收稿日期:2017-04-06 修回日期:2017-06-14 出版日期:2017-12-05 发布日期:2017-12-05
通讯作者: 高丽霞(1976-),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为化工冶金。
作者简介:高丽霞(1976-),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为化工冶金。E-mail:gaolixia_glx@yeah.net。
基金资助:
广东省科技计划（2015A020215018，2017B090907026）、广东省自然基金（2016A030313801）、广东省科学院院属骨干科研机构创新能力建设专项项目（2017GDASCX-0110）及国家自然科学基金（51704081）项目。

Decreasing lead content in wet zinc smelting slag

GAO Lixia, DAI Zilin, ZHANG Kuifang, LIU Zhiqiang

Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Development and Application, Guangdong Institute of Rare Metals, Guangzhou 510651, Guangdong, China

Received:2017-04-06 Revised:2017-06-14 Online:2017-12-05 Published:2017-12-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对锌废渣中重金属污染环境，尤其是废渣中铅含量高于1%，无法作为无害渣使用的问题，本文采用自动矿物分析仪（MLA）分析氯盐浸渣（对锌废渣经过焙烧-酸浸得到的酸浸渣进行氯盐浸出得到）中铅的物相主要为PbBa（SO₄）₂，盐酸或含HCl的饱和NaCl溶液可将其有效分解，可使尾渣中铅含量达到 < 1%效果。在此基础上，研究不同浸出体系对酸浸渣进行一步浸出，以期选出较优的浸出体系及浸出条件，达到使废渣中的铅含量降到1%以下的目的。研究结果表明：“饱和NaCl溶液+补加HCl+补加NaCl”体系浸出酸浸渣的效果明显好于“含HCl的饱和NaCl溶液+补加NaCl”和“饱和NaCl溶液+补加NaCl”两种体系浸出酸浸渣的效果，但出于HCl成本高考虑，选取“饱和NaCl溶液+补加NaCl”作为浸出剂及浸出方式。“饱和NaCl+补加NaCl”浸出酸浸渣的反应条件为：酸浸渣50g，250mL饱和NaCl，温度≥60℃，反应2h后补加15g NaCl，继续反应3h，Pb的浸出率 > 91%，Pb在尾渣中的含量达到0.85%≤Pb < 1%。

关键词: 湿法锌冶炼废渣, 铅, 氯化钠, 盐酸, 废物处理, 浸取, 分离

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that heavy-metal polluting environment,especially lead content higher than 1% could not make zinc smelting slag become harmless slag,chloride-leaching slag(zinc slag was roastd and acid leached to get acid-leaching residue,and acid-leach residue was chloride-leached to get chloride-leaching slag)was analyzed by MLA,and PbBa(SO₄)₂ was the main phase of Pb in the chloride-leaching slag. And PbBa(SO₄)₂ could be decomposed by HCl or saturated NaCl containing HCl system,which could make the lead content in the slag lower to 1%. On the above basis,one step leaching effects of different leaching systems on lead in the acid-leaching residue were studied to get the optimum leaching system and conditions and to make the lead content in the slag lower to 1%. The results were as follows:the leach effect of "saturated NaCl + supplementing HCl and NaCl" system was obviously better than that of "saturated NaCl containing HCl + supplementing NaCl" system and "saturated NaCl + supplementing NaCl" system. Because of high cost of HCl,the "saturated NaCl + supplementing NaCl" system was selected as the leaching reagent and leaching method whose leaching effect met the requirements of lead content lower than 1% in the tailings. The suitable leaching conditions of "saturated NaCl + supplementing NaCl" was as follows:50g acid-leach residue,250mL saturated NaCl,above 60℃,added 15g NaCl after 2h leaching time,continuing to react 3h,the results was that the leaching rate of lead was above 91% and lead content in the tailings was 0.85% ≤ Pb < 1%.

Key words: wet smelting slag of zinc, lead, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, waste treatment, leaching, seperation

中图分类号:

TF832

高丽霞, 戴子林, 张魁芳, 刘志强. 降低湿法锌冶炼废渣中铅含量[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(12): 4672-4678.

GAO Lixia, DAI Zilin, ZHANG Kuifang, LIU Zhiqiang. Decreasing lead content in wet zinc smelting slag[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(12): 4672-4678.

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降低湿法锌冶炼废渣中铅含量

Decreasing lead content in wet zinc smelting slag

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