水解酸化工艺用于新污染物治理研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-2015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新污染物具环境持久性、生物累积性和生物毒性等特性，在环境中广泛分布，对环境的影响日益趋增，已经成为生态安全和人体健康的潜在威胁。因此，废水及污泥中新污染物的相关处理工艺研究进展受到了广泛关注。水解酸化工艺作为一项较成熟的厌氧生物处理技术，不仅具备优良的难降解物质处理性能，在处理含新污染物废水和污泥方面也展现出良好的应用前景。本文基于水解酸化工艺研究与应用现状，探讨了水解酸化系统中几种典型环境新污染物，包括非淘汰类的持久性有机污染物、内分泌干扰物、抗生素和微塑料的赋存、降解特性及去除机理，并总结了已知的处理效能强化手段与实际应用进展。最后，针对现有研究关于水解酸化工艺去除新污染物的影响因素、作用机制以及工程探索等方面局限性进行了总结讨论，并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 水解酸化, 新污染物, 废水处理, 污泥处理, 工艺强化

Abstract:

Emerging contaminants (ECs), characterized by environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and biotoxicity, are widely distributed in the environment, with increasing impacts on the environment, and have become a potential threat to ecological security and human health. For the emerging contaminants in wastewater and sludge, the research progress of related treatment processes has also received more attention. Hydrolysis acidification process, as a mature anaerobic biological treatment technology, has excellent performance in the treatment of difficult-to-degrade substances, and also shows good application prospects in the handling of wastewater and sludge containing emerging contaminants. Based on the current research and application of hydrolysis acidification process, this study explored the characteristics and removal mechanisms of several typical environmental emerging contaminants—non-obsolete persistent organic pollutants (POPs), endocrine disruptors, antibiotics, and microplastics in hydrolysis acidification system, summarizing the known means of enhancing the treatment performance and the progress of the practical application. Finally, the limitations of the existing studies on the influencing factors, mechanisms and engineering exploration of the hydrolysis acidification process on the removal of emerging contaminants are summarized and discussed, with an outlook on its future development trend.

Key words: hydrolysis acidification, emerging contaminants, wastewater treatment, sludge treatment, process intensification

中图分类号:

X703

史佩鑫, 谢靖, 刁荣俊, 何蓉, 谢丽. 水解酸化工艺用于新污染物治理研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(S1): 451-461.

SHI Peixin, XIE Jing, DIAO Rongjun, HE Rong, XIE Li. Recent advances on the application of hydrolysis acidification process in the treatment of emerging contaminants[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(S1): 451-461.

图/表 5

参考文献 58

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ECs种类	具体污染物	废水类型	水力停留时间（HRT）/d	初始浓度/mg·L^-1	去除率/%	参考文献
POPs	三氯乙烯	模拟石化废水	3	10~200	77.83~6.67	[27]
	三氯乙醛	模拟石化废水	3	100	70	[5]
	PAHs	实际浓缩污泥	2	7.82	37.05	[28]
抗生素	三氯生	模拟城镇生活污水	10	10	87	[29]
	青霉素G	模拟城镇生活污水	10	1.3×10^-4	0.7±2.4	[30]
	恩诺沙星	模拟城镇生活污水	10	1.0×10^-4	0.8±31.8	[30]
	磺胺甲𫫇唑	模拟城镇生活污水	10	8.0×10^-4	0.7±0.5	[30]
	三甲氧苄啶	模拟城镇生活污水	10	6.5×10^-4	0.7±0.1	[30]
EDCs	双酚A	模拟淀粉废水	28	0.05~0.5	61	[31]
EDCs	西地那非	模拟淀粉废水	28	0.05~0.5	43	[31]
ARGs	aph3Ib、sul2、tetX、aph6Id、tetG、sul1	实际剩余污泥	3	169.8	26.1	[32]
	tetA、tetG、tetX、sul1、ermB、dfrA1、dfrA12、intI1	实际脱水污泥	3	10⁷~10^9①	0.1~0.72^②	[33]
	etA、tetG、tetL、tetM、tetO、tetW、tetX、intl1	实际剩余污泥	5	10⁶~10^8①	0.16~1.1^②	[34]

ECs种类	具体污染物	废水类型	水力停留时间（HRT）/d	初始浓度/mg·L^-1	去除率/%	参考文献
POPs	三氯乙烯	模拟石化废水	3	10~200	77.83~6.67	[27]
	三氯乙醛	模拟石化废水	3	100	70	[5]
	PAHs	实际浓缩污泥	2	7.82	37.05	[28]
抗生素	三氯生	模拟城镇生活污水	10	10	87	[29]
	青霉素G	模拟城镇生活污水	10	1.3×10^-4	0.7±2.4	[30]
	恩诺沙星	模拟城镇生活污水	10	1.0×10^-4	0.8±31.8	[30]
	磺胺甲𫫇唑	模拟城镇生活污水	10	8.0×10^-4	0.7±0.5	[30]
	三甲氧苄啶	模拟城镇生活污水	10	6.5×10^-4	0.7±0.1	[30]
EDCs	双酚A	模拟淀粉废水	28	0.05~0.5	61	[31]
EDCs	西地那非	模拟淀粉废水	28	0.05~0.5	43	[31]
ARGs	aph3Ib、sul2、tetX、aph6Id、tetG、sul1	实际剩余污泥	3	169.8	26.1	[32]
	tetA、tetG、tetX、sul1、ermB、dfrA1、dfrA12、intI1	实际脱水污泥	3	10⁷~10^9①	0.1~0.72^②	[33]
	etA、tetG、tetL、tetM、tetO、tetW、tetX、intl1	实际剩余污泥	5	10⁶~10^8①	0.16~1.1^②	[34]