废弃塑料化学回收技术进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1979

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塑料制品的迅猛发展为人类生活带来了诸多便捷，然而塑料废弃物若未得到妥善处理，不仅会引发严重的环境污染问题，还会导致宝贵资源的极大浪费。鉴于此，本文详尽阐述了废旧塑料回收的多种方法，涵盖物理回收与化学回收两大类途径。在全球致力于碳减排和推动绿色能源发展的大背景下，采用化学方法实现塑料的升级回收，不仅有助于达成“碳达峰、碳中和”目标，更是应对能源危机的有效途径。本文系统介绍了化学升级回收塑料的多样化方法，诸如热裂解、催化氢解、化学解聚等，并探讨了前沿技术，如与CO₂的共转化等，同时深入剖析了每种方法的优势与局限。特别是在催化加氢降解塑料的论述中，着重讨论了催化剂的研究进展，这一领域对于提升废塑料加氢裂化的性能至关重要。通过对现有技术的综合分析，发现在废塑料回收技术的发展过程中，反应装置的耐腐蚀性及优化设计、催化剂的性能提升以及塑料脱氯技术的突破等，是制约化学回收手段发展的关键瓶颈。

关键词: 废塑料, 化学升级, 催化降解, 资源化利用

Abstract:

The rapid development of plastic products has brought a lot of convenience to human life, however, plastic waste, if not properly handled, will not only cause serious environmental pollution problems, but also lead to a great waste of valuable resources. In view of this, this paper elaborated on the various methods of recycling waste plastics covering both physical and chemical recycling. In the context of the global commitment to carbon reduction and the promotion of green energy development, chemical upgrading of plastics recycling not only helped to achieve the dual-carbon goal, but also was an effective way to cope with the energy crisis. The article systematically introduced the diverse methods of chemical upgrading of plastics, such as thermal cracking, catalytic hydrogenation, chemical depolymerization, etc., explored the cutting-edge technologies, such as co-transformation with CO₂, etc., and deeply analyzed the advantages and limitations of each method. In particular, in the treatment of catalytic hydro-degradation of plastics, the article focused on the advances in catalyst research, an area that was crucial for enhancing the performance of hydrocracking of waste plastics. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing technologies, it was that the corrosion resistance and optimal design of the reaction device, the performance enhancement of catalysts and the breakthrough of plastic dechlorination technology were the key bottlenecks restricting the development of chemical recycling means in the process of waste plastic recycling technology development.

Key words: waste plastics, chemical upgrading, catalytic degradation, resource utilization

中图分类号:

X783.2

袁小鲁, 田宏宇, 李海岩, 苟泽浩, 陆雪峰, 谢方明. 废弃塑料化学回收技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(12): 7205-7213.

YUAN Xiaolu, TIAN Hongyu, LI Haiyan, GOU Zehao, LU Xuefeng, XIE Fangming. Advances in chemical recycling technologies for waste plastics[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(12): 7205-7213.

图/表 3

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