DMPU耦合热解回收废旧晶硅光伏板

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1700

化工进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 5969-5975.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1700

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

DMPU耦合热解回收废旧晶硅光伏板

李晨阳¹(), 郭飞宏¹^,²(), 王昀¹, 姜小祥¹, 张后虎²

^1.南京师范大学能源与机械工程学院，江苏南京 210046
^2.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所，江苏南京 210042

收稿日期:2023-09-26 修回日期:2023-11-29 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-10-29
通讯作者: 郭飞宏
作者简介:李晨阳（1999—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为太阳能光伏板的回收和利用。E-mail：lcy061908@163.com。
基金资助:
江苏省自然科学基金青年基金(BK20200736);广东省固体废物污染控制与资源化重点实验室开放基金(2020B121201003);上海市固体废物处理与资源化工程研究中心开放基金(2021GFZX005)

Recovery of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels based on DMPU coupled pyrolysis

LI Chenyang¹(), GUO Feihong¹^,²(), WANG Yun¹, JIANG Xiaoxiang¹, ZHANG Houhu²

^1.School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering，Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
^2.Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China

Received:2023-09-26 Revised:2023-11-29 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-10-29
Contact: GUO Feihong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着光伏行业快速发展，我国将迎来光伏组件退役高峰期，废旧晶硅光伏组件回收市场前景广阔。其中，回收完整硅电池片不仅具有环保意义，同时具有经济效益。现有回收方法如热解、机械拆解、化学溶解法等存在诸多问题。本文对N,N-二甲基丙烯基脲（DMPU）预处理耦合热解回收废旧晶硅光伏板进行研究。通过实验探究不同DMPU预处理条件对硅电池片完整率、背板去除率以及不同热解条件对硅电池片完整率的影响，得出使硅电池片完整率最高的实验条件为先在200℃下进行60min DMPU处理后再于480℃下热解60min；去除背板的最佳实验条件为将光伏板置于200℃的DMPU中处理30min。最后，对DMPU耦合热解回收废旧晶硅光伏板的实际应用进行的能耗与碳排分析表明本文使用的方法具有显著的节能减排效益。

关键词: 光伏板回收, N,N-二甲基丙烯基脲, 热解, 硅电池片, 循环利用

Abstract:

With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, China will usher in a peak period of photovoltaic module retirement, and the recovery market for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules has broad prospects. Among them, recovery of complete silicon cells not only has environmental significance, but also has economic benefits. There are many problems with existing recycling methods such as pyrolysis, mechanical disassembly, and chemical dissolution. This article investigated the pre-treatment of N,N-dimethylpropenylurea (DMPU) coupled with pyrolysis for recovery of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels. By exploring the effects of different DMPU pre-treatment conditions on the integrity rate, backplate removal rate, and different pyrolysis conditions on the integrity rate of silicon cells through experiments, it was found that the experimental conditions for achieving the highest integrity rate of silicon cells were first treated with DMPU at 200℃ for 60min, followed by pyrolysis at 480℃ for 60min. The optimal experimental condition for removing the back panel was to treat the photovoltaic panel in DMPU at 200℃ for 30min. Finally, the energy consumption and carbon emissions analysis of the practical application of DMPU coupled pyrolysis for recovery of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels showed that the method used in this article had significant energy-saving and emission reduction benefits.

Key words: photovoltaic panels recovery, N,N-dimethylpropenylurea (DMPU), pyrolysis, silicon cell, recycling

中图分类号:

李晨阳, 郭飞宏, 王昀, 姜小祥, 张后虎. DMPU耦合热解回收废旧晶硅光伏板[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(10): 5969-5975.

LI Chenyang, GUO Feihong, WANG Yun, JIANG Xiaoxiang, ZHANG Houhu. Recovery of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels based on DMPU coupled pyrolysis[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(10): 5969-5975.

图/表 11

图1 光伏板结构示意图

表1 光伏板性能表征

在标准测试条件下的性能STC	数值
最大功率P_max/W	10
最大功率电流I_mp/A	0.55
最大功率电压V_mp/V	21.5
开路电压V_oc/V	21.5
短路电流I_sc/A	0.62

图2 DMPU预处理耦合热解实验流程图1—DMPU；2—夹持装置；3—光伏板；4—集热式磁力搅拌器；5—高温反应炉

图3 直接热解实验流程图

图4 使用Auto CAD测算硅电池片完整率示意图

图5 不同DMPU处理对硅电池片完整率的影响

图6 不同DMPU处理对背板去除率的影响

图7 不同热解条件对硅电池片完整率的影响

图8 单独热解前后对比

图9 200℃下DMPU处理耦合热解前后对比

图10 未循环与五次循环DMPU红外吸收光谱

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DMPU耦合热解回收废旧晶硅光伏板

Recovery of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels based on DMPU coupled pyrolysis

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