磁性纤维电磁波吸收剂研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2223

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

吸波材料对电磁波的吸收主要依赖于填充于其中的电磁波吸收剂。传统的微米级或亚微米级粉体吸收剂具有生产工艺简单、成本低等优点，但存在容易氧化、复磁导率低等问题。磁性纤维吸收剂具有显著的形状各向异性、电磁性能可调性好，良好的磁导率和磁损耗小等特点，磁性纤维的纳米尺寸带来的纳米尺度效应更是拓宽了磁性纤维吸收剂的发展前景，得到了国内外学者的广泛关注和研究。本文对铁氧体磁性纤维、纳米纤维、磁性非晶纤维这几种电磁波吸收剂的研究进展进行了分析，并对它们各自的特点及发展现状作了较为详尽的评述。并提出：纤维状吸波材料相比于粉体吸波材料更轻、吸波性能更强，更加符合高效吸收剂的要求；单一材料的电磁波吸收剂往往不能兼顾吸波频带宽和吸波性能好的优点。因此，磁性纤维吸收剂将向着低维化、多元复合的方向发展，并且复合的材料也将变得多元化，向着可持续方向发展。这为磁性纤维吸收剂的下一步研究提供了重要参考。

关键词: 磁性纤维, 吸波材料, 复合材料, 电磁波吸收剂

Abstract:

The absorption of electromagnetic waves by absorbent materials is dependent on the electromagnetic wave absorbers filled in them. Traditional micron or sub-micron powder absorbers have the advantages of simple production processes and low cost, but have problems such as easy oxidation and low re-magnetic permeability. Magnetic fibrous absorbers have significant shape anisotropy, good tunability of electromagnetic properties, good magnetic permeability and low magnetic loss, etc. The nano-scale effect brought by the nano-size of magnetic fibers has broadened the development prospect of magnetic fibrous absorbers, which has received extensive attention and research from scholars at home and abroad. This paper analyzed the research progress of ferrite magnetic fibers, nanofibers and magnetic amorphous fibers, and provided a detailed review of their respective characteristics and development status. The author proposed that the fibrous absorbers were lighter and stronger than powder absorbers, which was more in line with the requirements of high-efficiency absorbers. The single-material electromagnetic absorbers cannot take into account the advantages of broadband absorption and good absorption performance. Therefore, the magnetic fibrous absorbers would develop in the direction of low-dimensional and multi-dimensional composite, and the composite materials would also become diversified and develop in the direction of sustainability. This provided an important reference for the next step of research on magnetic fibrous absorbers.

Key words: magnetic fiber, wave absorption materials, composite materials, electromagnetic wave absorber

中图分类号:

叶好, 胡平, 王策, 刘勇. 磁性纤维电磁波吸收剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5310-5321.

YE Hao, HU Ping, WANG Ce, LIU Yong. Advances in research on magnetic fibrous electromagnetic wave absorbers[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(10): 5310-5321.

图/表 7

图1 铁氧体晶体结构[8]

图2 静电纺丝和溶胶凝胶法示意图[9-10]

图3 CoFe2O4纳米纤维和纳米颗粒反射损耗图以及SEM图[11]

图4 有机金属框架模型、BF、ABF、A-CBF和CN-ABF的XRD图谱和CoNi有机金属框架复合材料与其他材料吸波性能对比[26]

图5 磁控溅射法原理与Ni/SiC/C复合纳米纤维SEM图以及吸波性能图[34-35]

图6 Taylor Ulitovsky装置示意图、不同长度的纤维反射损耗三维立体图以及短丝纤维微波吸收损失机制示意图[35,37]

表1 各类磁性纤维电磁波吸收剂优缺点以及复合材料种类

类型	优点	缺点	复合材料
铁氧体纤维	性能稳定、来源广泛、易于制备	吸收带宽窄、阻抗匹配差	Cu、Ce等金属、石墨烯
纳米纤维	高的机械强度和柔韧性；硬度高、耐高温、耐腐蚀、密度低	高温易氧化、吸波频带较窄、阻抗失配	Co、Ni等金属、金属有机框架、碳纳米纤维
磁性非晶纤维	具有多重电磁损耗和合适的阻抗匹配，而且具有磁性的导电芯	制备工序复杂	—

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