高温煤焦油沥青黏结剂碳化固结作用在炭质型材中的应用与研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0284

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高温煤焦油沥青（high temperature coal tar pitch，HTCTP）具有优良的润湿性和黏结性，可用作黏结剂。HTCTP黏结剂能与炭质颗粒物料产生良好的固结作用，因此在不同类型炭质型材的制备中获得广泛的应用与研究，HTCTP高温过程的黏结性能及碳化固结作用效果决定了炭质型材的机械强度和理化性能。本文综述了HTCTP作黏结剂制备炭质型材的一般工艺过程和相关研究进展，梳理了不同应用领域对HTCTP碳化固结作用的共性机制和个性特点，总结了HTCTP的性能影响因素及碳化固结作用机理。通过分析HTCTP不同组分在碳化固结过程中的作用及转化过程，揭示HTCTP碳化固结作用与炭质型材机械强度的关联机制及影响碳化固结强度的关键因素，提出强化HTCTP碳化固结作用的措施，提升HTCTP黏结剂在炭质型材制备中的应用效果。

关键词: 高温煤焦油沥青, 黏结剂, 颗粒物料, 炭质型材, 制备, 碳化固结

Abstract:

High temperature coal tar pitch (HTCTP) has excellent wettability and cohesiveness, and can be used as binder. HTCTP binder can produce good consolidation with carbonaceous granular materials, so it has been widely used and studied in the preparation of different types of formed carbon material. The mechanical strength and physicochemical properties of formed carbon material are determined by the bonding performance and carbonization consolidation effect of HTCTP in high temperature process. In this paper, the general technological process and relative research progress of carbonization materials prepared with HTCTP as binder are reviewed, and the common mechanism and individual characteristics of carbonization consolidation of HTCTP in different application fields are combed. The factors affecting the performance of HTCTP and the mechanism of carbonation consolidation are also summarized. By analyzing the role and transformation process of different components of coal pitch in carbonization consolidation process, the related mechanism between the carbonization consolidation of HTCTP and the mechanical strength of formed carbon material and the key factors influencing the carbonization consolidation strength are revealed. The measures to strengthen the carbonization consolidation of HTCTP were proposed to enhance the application effect of carbonization consolidation in the preparation of formed carbon material.

Key words: high temperature coal tar pitch, binder, granular materials, formed carbon material, preparation, carbonation consolidation

中图分类号:

TQ522.65

杨永斌, 董寅瑞, 钟强, 李骞, 王林, 姜涛. 高温煤焦油沥青黏结剂碳化固结作用在炭质型材中的应用与研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(12): 6419-6429.

YANG Yongbin, DONG Yinrui, ZHONG Qiang, LI Qian, WANG Lin, JIANG Tao. Application and research progress of carbonization consolidation of high temperature coal tar pitch binder in formed carbon material[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(12): 6419-6429.

图/表 13

图1 HTCTP组分溶剂分离流程

图2 HTCTP作黏结剂制备炭质型材的一般工艺过程

图3 模压成型的模具示意图

图4 煤基柱状活性炭制备流程

图5 碳分子筛制品与市售碳分子筛对CO2或CH4气体分子的吸附曲线[25]

图6 煤基柱状活性炭碳化活化装置图[23]

表1 部分高温煤焦油沥青黏结剂特性及以其制备的预焙阳极制品性能[34-38]

参考文献	类别	HTCTP 质量分数/%	HTCTP特性				制备的预焙阳极性能
参考文献	类别	HTCTP 质量分数/%	软化点/℃	结焦值/%	TI含量/%	QI含量/%	耐压强度/MPa	电阻率/μΩ·m	体积密度/g·cm^-3
GB/T 2290—2012	1号中温HTCTP	—	80~90	≥45	15~25	≤10	—	—	—
	1号高温HTCTP	—	95~100	≥52	≥24	—	—	—	—
［34］	高温HTCTP	13.5~18.4	114	59	31.90	7.70	49.1±10.4	51±4	1.56±1.04
	高温HTCTP	13.5~18.4	117	59	34.40	8.20	49.1±10.4	51±4	1.56±1.04
［35-36］	中温HTCTP	15.0	84	42	19.97	5.67	30.15	53	1.61
	改性HTCTP	15.0	105	50	27.48	9.10	35.33	49	1.62
	改性HTCTP1	15.0	82	47	27.91	1.07	45.40	48	1.62
	改性HTCTP2	15.0	104	50	29.65	1.15	48.73	47	1.63
［37］	改质HTCTP	—	106	58	30.28	8.79	36.42	57	1.57
	改质HTCTP	—	115	64	32.31	11.73	38.48	54	1.58
［39］	HTCTP	16.0	—	—	—	—	39.15	53	1.59
	HTCTP	16.2	—	—	—	—	39.70	54	1.59
	HTCTP	16.8	—	—	—	—	38.71	55	1.58
YS/T 285—2007	TY-1预焙阳极	—	—	—	—	—	≥32	≤55	≥1.53
	TY-2预焙阳极	—	—	—	—	—	≥30	≤60	≥1.50

图7 黏结剂HTCTP用量与阳极体积密度之间的理论关系[39]

图8 型焦制备流程[43]

图9 不同比例黏结剂制备的型焦产品的红外光谱图[46]1—60%低变质煤，5%HTCTP，15%炼焦煤，20%重油；2—60%低变质煤，10%HTCTP，20%炼焦煤，10%重油；3—60%低变质煤，15%HTCTP，15%炼焦煤，10%重油；4—60%低变质煤，20%HTCTP，10%炼焦煤，10%重油；5—60%低变质煤，15%HTCTP，10%炼焦煤，15%重油

图10 不同热解温度下型焦的抗压强度[47]

图11 不同型焦生坯的微观结构[42]

图12 HTCTP碳化固结作用与炭质型材机械强度的关联机制及关键影响因素研究

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