垃圾衍生燃料的制备、热转化特性及应用研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0700

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

垃圾衍生燃料（refuse derived fuel，RDF）是指从城市生活原生垃圾中分选出的若干类可燃固体废物，经过干燥、破碎、分选和成型等复杂工艺制成的一种固体燃料，由于具有方便运输和储存，较低的污染物排放量、排渣量和着火点，燃烧充分和稳定等特点，在国家“双碳”的背景下，RDF一跃成为替代化石燃料的最佳替代品之一，但大规模市场化应用过程中，面临着生产和制作成本高昂、投资利益主导和直燃式焚烧技术的成熟和国产化等问题。本文从RDF的制备工艺、热转化特性出发，到最终的市场化应用，介绍了RDF的制备工艺、简述了热转化特性，分析了阻碍RDF大规模市场化应用的原因，最后提出了未来推进RDF应用的三项措施：简化RDF生产工艺，降低制作成本；建立完善的RDF应用行业补贴体系；建立“减碳”奖励机制，以期为RDF的大规模市场化应用提供指导。

关键词: 垃圾衍生燃料, 制备, 造粒, 热解, 气化, 循环流化床

Abstract:

Refuse derived fuel refers to a kind of solid fuel made from dry combustible solid waste separated from urban domestic waste through complex processes such as drying, crushing, sorting and molding. Due to its characteristics of convenient transportation and storage, low pollutant emission, slag discharge and ignition point, sufficient and stable combustion, RDF has become one of the best substitutes to replace fossil fuels with the support of the national "double carbon" background. However, in the process of large-scale market-oriented application, there are some problems, such as high production costs, dominated by investment interests, and the challenge of the maturity and localization of direct combustion incineration technology. This paper introduces the preparation process and thermal conversion characteristics of RDF, analyzes the reasons hindering the large-scale market-oriented application of RDF, and finally puts forward three measures to promote the application of RDF in the future: Simplifying the production process of RDF to reduce the production cost, establishing a perfect subsidy system for RDF application industry, and establishing a reward mechanism for“carbon reduction”, in order to provide guidance for the large-scale market-oriented application of RDF.

Key words: refuse derived fuel, preparation, granulation, pyrolysis, gasification, circulating fluidized bed

中图分类号:

房科靖, 熊祖鸿, 鲁敏, 黎涛, 陈勇. 垃圾衍生燃料的制备、热转化特性及应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(S1): 132-140.

FANG Kejing, XIONG Zuhong, LU Min, LI Tao, CHEN Yong. Research progress in preparation, thermal conversion characteristics and application of refuse derived fuel[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(S1): 132-140.

图/表 2

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分类	内容	备注
RDF-1	将生活垃圾中的大件垃圾除去得到的可燃固体废弃物	疏松RDF
RDF-2	将生活垃圾中去除金属和玻璃，粗碎通过152mm的筛后得到的可燃固体废弃物	疏松RDF
RDF-3	将生活垃圾中去除金属和玻璃，粗碎通过50mm的筛后得到的可燃固体废弃物	疏松RDF
RDF-4	将生活垃圾中去除金属和玻璃，粗碎通过1.83mm的筛后得到的可燃固体废弃物	粉状RDF
RDF-5	将生活垃圾中去除金属和玻璃等粉碎、干燥、加工成型后得到的可燃固体废弃物	成型RDF
RDF-6	将生活垃圾加工成液体燃料	液体燃料
RDF-7	将生活垃圾加工成气体燃料	气体燃料

分类	内容	备注
RDF-1	将生活垃圾中的大件垃圾除去得到的可燃固体废弃物	疏松RDF
RDF-2	将生活垃圾中去除金属和玻璃，粗碎通过152mm的筛后得到的可燃固体废弃物	疏松RDF
RDF-3	将生活垃圾中去除金属和玻璃，粗碎通过50mm的筛后得到的可燃固体废弃物	疏松RDF
RDF-4	将生活垃圾中去除金属和玻璃，粗碎通过1.83mm的筛后得到的可燃固体废弃物	粉状RDF
RDF-5	将生活垃圾中去除金属和玻璃等粉碎、干燥、加工成型后得到的可燃固体废弃物	成型RDF
RDF-6	将生活垃圾加工成液体燃料	液体燃料
RDF-7	将生活垃圾加工成气体燃料	气体燃料

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