聚苯胺基涂层在质子交换膜燃料电池金属双极板上的应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1640

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚苯胺具有独特的导电性和电化学性能，近年来随着燃料电池的发展成为双极板防护的重要材料。然而，聚苯胺涂层在质子交换膜燃料电池高温强酸的工作环境中长期耐蚀性仍无法满足要求，限制了该材料的规模应用。本文综述了聚苯胺基涂层在质子交换膜燃料电池双极板上应用的最新研究进展，包括通过掺杂和共聚改性的聚苯胺涂层、引入高分子材料和纳米材料制备的聚苯胺基复合涂层；分析了各类典型涂层的电化学测试性能结果，总结了聚苯胺基复合涂层的耐蚀机理。最后总结了聚苯胺基涂层研究中目前存在的问题，并对研究方向进行了展望，指出统一测试标准对材料性能评价和商业应用具有重要意义，且今后应重点加强纳米材料复合涂层的研究，并基于原位观测和表征技术对涂层机理进行深入解析。

关键词: 燃料电池, 双极板, 耐腐蚀性, 聚苯胺, 涂层

Abstract:

Due to its unique electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties, polyaniline has become an important material for bipolar plate protection along with the development of fuel cells in recent years. However, the long-term corrosion resistance of the polyaniline coating under the high temperature and strong acid working environment of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell still cannot meet the requirements, which limits its large-scale application. This article reviews the latest research progress on the application of polyaniline-based coatings on bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, including the polyaniline coating modified by doping and copolymerization, and the polyaniline-based composite coating with the introduction of polymer materials and nanomaterials. The electrochemical test and performance results of various typical coatings are analyzed, and the corrosion resistance mechanism of polyaniline-based composite coatings is discussed. Finally, the current problems in the research of polyaniline-based coatings are summarized, and the direction of research and development is prospected. It is pointed out that the test standard should be consistent which has great significance for material performance evaluation and commercial application. Furthermore, the research on nano-material composite coatings should be strengthened in the future and the analysis of the coating mechanism in depth should be based on in-situ observation and characterization technology.

Key words: fuel cell, bipolar plate, corrosion resistance, polyaniline, coating

中图分类号:

TG174.4

毛韬博, 栾伟玲, 付青青. 聚苯胺基涂层在质子交换膜燃料电池金属双极板上的应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(7): 3826-3836.

MAO Taobo, LUAN Weiling, FU Qingqing. Recent progress on polyaniline-based coatings on bipolar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(7): 3826-3836.

图/表 7

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涂层种类	基体材料	涂层材料	极化测试条件	动电位极化测试		接触电阻/mΩ·cm²	恒电位腐蚀电流密度/μA·cm^-2	参考文献
涂层种类	基体材料	涂层材料	极化测试条件	腐蚀电位/V	腐蚀电流密度/μA·cm^-2	接触电阻/mΩ·cm²	恒电位腐蚀电流密度/μA·cm^-2	参考文献
聚苯胺	304SS	PANI	pH=3，H₂SO₄	0.34V_SCE	<1	200	—	［27］
聚苯胺	1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢	PANI	0.01mol/L Na₂SO₄+0.01mol/L HCl，80℃	0.25V_SCE	—	—	—	［28］
掺杂改性聚苯胺	304SS	PANI	1mol/L H₂SO₄	0.211V_SCE	0.05	—	<0.4（+0.45V_SCE，1h后）	［35］
共聚改性聚苯胺	低碳钢	聚（AN-co-PDA-co-XY）ZnO	0.1mol/L HCl	-0.316V_Ag/AgCl	0.89	—	—	［39］
聚苯胺/高分子复合	304SS	PPy/PANI	0.1mol/L H₂SO₄	0.114V_SCE （阴极） 0.064V_SCE （阳极）	0.161（阴极） 0.206（阳极）	—	<1（+0.6V_SCE，4h后） >-250（-0.24V_SCE，4h后）	［43］
聚苯胺/高分子复合	303SS	PANI/Zn-Pr	1mol/L H₂SO₄，298K	0.284V_SCE	0.15	—	—	［44］
聚苯胺/纳米二氧化钛复合	316L SS	Nb：TiO₂纳米纤维/PANI	0.3mol/L HCl，25℃	0.116V_SCE 0.141V_SCE	6.31（阳极） 2.75（阴极）	—	<10（+0.6V_SCE，6h后） >-50（-0.24V_Ag/AgCl，6h后）	［45］
	316L SS	Nb：TiO₂纳米颗粒/PANI	1mol/L H₂SO₄，25℃	0.4V_Ag/AgCl	12.9		<1（+0.6V_Ag/AgCl，6h后）	［49］
	316L SS	Ti_0.96Nb_0.04O₂/PANI	0.1mol/L H₂SO₄，80℃	0.151V_Ag/AgCl	0.13（阴极）	—	0.042（+0.6V_Ag/AgCl，6h后）	［63］
聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合	316SS	CNT/PANI	1mol/L H₂SO₄，80℃	-0.4V_SHE	—	—	0.45（1V_SHE，3h后）	［51］
聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合	Al	PANI-CNTs	0.1mol/L H₂SO₄，298K	-0.324V_SCE	0.18	—	—	［52］
聚苯胺/金属及其纳米颗粒复合	316L SS	Cr-Ni/PANI	0.5mol/L H₂SO₄+0.5mg/L F^-，80℃	0.196V_SCE （阳极） 0.223V_SCE （阴极）	1.6（阳极） 0.9（阴极）	52.15	6~9（-0.1V_SCE，10h后） <5（+0.6V_SCE，10h后）	［53］
	304L SS	PANI-TiN	1mmol/L H₂SO₄，80℃	0.227V_SHE	0.005	32	0.4（1V_SHE，3h后）	［54］
	316L SS	AuNP-PANI	1mmol/L H₂SO₄，80℃	0.61V_SHE	—	16.6	0.63（1V_SHE，3h后）	［60］

涂层种类	基体材料	涂层材料	极化测试条件	动电位极化测试		接触电阻/mΩ·cm²	恒电位腐蚀电流密度/μA·cm^-2	参考文献
涂层种类	基体材料	涂层材料	极化测试条件	腐蚀电位/V	腐蚀电流密度/μA·cm^-2	接触电阻/mΩ·cm²	恒电位腐蚀电流密度/μA·cm^-2	参考文献
聚苯胺	304SS	PANI	pH=3，H₂SO₄	0.34V_SCE	<1	200	—	［27］
聚苯胺	1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢	PANI	0.01mol/L Na₂SO₄+0.01mol/L HCl，80℃	0.25V_SCE	—	—	—	［28］
掺杂改性聚苯胺	304SS	PANI	1mol/L H₂SO₄	0.211V_SCE	0.05	—	<0.4（+0.45V_SCE，1h后）	［35］
共聚改性聚苯胺	低碳钢	聚（AN-co-PDA-co-XY）ZnO	0.1mol/L HCl	-0.316V_Ag/AgCl	0.89	—	—	［39］
聚苯胺/高分子复合	304SS	PPy/PANI	0.1mol/L H₂SO₄	0.114V_SCE （阴极） 0.064V_SCE （阳极）	0.161（阴极） 0.206（阳极）	—	<1（+0.6V_SCE，4h后） >-250（-0.24V_SCE，4h后）	［43］
聚苯胺/高分子复合	303SS	PANI/Zn-Pr	1mol/L H₂SO₄，298K	0.284V_SCE	0.15	—	—	［44］
聚苯胺/纳米二氧化钛复合	316L SS	Nb：TiO₂纳米纤维/PANI	0.3mol/L HCl，25℃	0.116V_SCE 0.141V_SCE	6.31（阳极） 2.75（阴极）	—	<10（+0.6V_SCE，6h后） >-50（-0.24V_Ag/AgCl，6h后）	［45］
	316L SS	Nb：TiO₂纳米颗粒/PANI	1mol/L H₂SO₄，25℃	0.4V_Ag/AgCl	12.9		<1（+0.6V_Ag/AgCl，6h后）	［49］
	316L SS	Ti_0.96Nb_0.04O₂/PANI	0.1mol/L H₂SO₄，80℃	0.151V_Ag/AgCl	0.13（阴极）	—	0.042（+0.6V_Ag/AgCl，6h后）	［63］
聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合	316SS	CNT/PANI	1mol/L H₂SO₄，80℃	-0.4V_SHE	—	—	0.45（1V_SHE，3h后）	［51］
聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合	Al	PANI-CNTs	0.1mol/L H₂SO₄，298K	-0.324V_SCE	0.18	—	—	［52］
聚苯胺/金属及其纳米颗粒复合	316L SS	Cr-Ni/PANI	0.5mol/L H₂SO₄+0.5mg/L F^-，80℃	0.196V_SCE （阳极） 0.223V_SCE （阴极）	1.6（阳极） 0.9（阴极）	52.15	6~9（-0.1V_SCE，10h后） <5（+0.6V_SCE，10h后）	［53］
	304L SS	PANI-TiN	1mmol/L H₂SO₄，80℃	0.227V_SHE	0.005	32	0.4（1V_SHE，3h后）	［54］
	316L SS	AuNP-PANI	1mmol/L H₂SO₄，80℃	0.61V_SHE	—	16.6	0.63（1V_SHE，3h后）	［60］

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