凹凸棒石/炭复合吸附材料研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0528

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，黏土矿物/炭复合吸附材料因具有来源丰富、结构可控和性能稳定等特点，成为碳基复合吸附材料研究热点之一。凹凸棒石是一种天然含水富镁铝硅酸盐黏土矿物，独特的孔道结构和一维棒晶使其成为理想的吸附材料和载体材料。本文综述了凹凸棒石/炭复合吸附材料的研究进展，围绕自然资源的高值化和废弃物的资源化利用，着重介绍了利用凹凸棒石脱色废土构筑环境友好型凹凸棒石/炭复合吸附材料的方法及再生应用进展，总结比较了不同方法制备复合吸附材料的形貌和性质及其对不同类型污染物的去除效果，并展望了凹凸棒石/炭复合吸附材料的未来发展方向，以期为黏土矿物/炭复合材料的研发及其在环境修复领域中的应用提供技术支撑。

关键词: 凹凸棒石, 生物质, 复合材料, 脱色废土, 吸附剂

Abstract:

In recent years, clay mineral/carbon composite materials have become one of the research hotspots of carbon-based composite adsorbents due to their rich source, controllable structure, stable performance, etc. Attapulgite is a natural hydrous magnesium aluminosilicate clay mineral. Owing to the unique pore structure and one-dimensional rod-like crystal, it can be served as an ideal adsorption material and carrier. The research progress on attapulgite/carbon composite adsorbents was reviewed in this paper. Based on the high value of natural resources and the resource utilization of wastes, it mainly introduced the preparation methods and the regeneration studies of eco-friendly attapulgite/carbon composite adsorbents derived from spent bleaching earth. The morphology and properties of compositions were analyzed, and then the removal properties of the attapulgite/carbon adsorbents to different pollutants were summarized and compared. Finally the development direction of attapulgite/carbon composite materials was proposed in order to promote the development of research of clay mineral/carbon composite materials and provide technical support for application in environmental remediation.

Key words: attapulgite, biomass, composite, spent bleaching earth, adsorbents

中图分类号:

X789

宗莉, 唐洁, 牟斌, 王爱勤. 凹凸棒石/炭复合吸附材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(1): 282-296.

Li ZONG, Jie TANG, Bin MU, Aiqin WANG. Research progress on attapulgite/carbon composites used as adsorbent[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(1): 282-296.

图/表 13

参考文献 75

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碳源	制备方法	改性剂	比表面积 /m²·g^-1	总孔容 /cm³·g^-1	污染物	最大吸附量 /mg·g^-1	文献
D-木糖	水热法	—	53.66	0.1560	MB	188.24	[19]
葡萄糖	水热法	酸化处理凹凸棒石	103.41	—	刚果红	34.40	[23]
纤维素	水热法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	46.45	0.1600	MB	37.79	[24]
淀粉	水热法	空气氛，105℃，3h	15.0	—	MB	49.8	[26]
	水热法	CO₂氛，550°C，3h	259.0	—	MB	51.3
壳聚糖	水热法	—	80.65	0.2390	MB	226.24	[28]
纤维素	水热法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	106	0.3022	MB	89.0	[30]
	热活化	ZnCl₂	1201	0.6157	MB	351.0
稻壳	水热法	ZnCl₂	471.0	0.3500	X-GL染料	213.0	[35]
甘蔗渣	焙烧法	—	178.51	0.1343	艳红X	65.15	[37]
脱色废土	煅烧法	—	104.92	0.2011	MB	132.72	[57]
脱色废土	焙烧法	—	83.2	0.1690	MV 4	50.76	[60]
					MV 3	69.93
					碱性红	344.83
脱色废土	水热法	KMnO₄	94.6	—	染料BG	199.9	[61]
脱色废土	水热法	FeCl₃·6H₂O CH₃COONa·3H₂O Na₃C₆H₅O₇·2H₂O	—	—	MB	254.83	[62]
脱色废土	水热法	Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O, Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O CO(NH₂)₂	65.7	0.2331	MB	271.28	[64]
火锅油	煅烧法	—	35.2	0.0879	MV	215.83	[65]
动物油	煅烧法	—	39.59	0.0928	MV	239.34	[70]
染料废土	水热法	Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O	427.9	0.2560	MB	281.7	[72]
		MgSO₄·7H₂O			MV	244.4

碳源	制备方法	改性剂	比表面积 /m²·g^-1	总孔容 /cm³·g^-1	污染物	最大吸附量 /mg·g^-1	文献
D-木糖	水热法	—	53.66	0.1560	MB	188.24	[19]
葡萄糖	水热法	酸化处理凹凸棒石	103.41	—	刚果红	34.40	[23]
纤维素	水热法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	46.45	0.1600	MB	37.79	[24]
淀粉	水热法	空气氛，105℃，3h	15.0	—	MB	49.8	[26]
	水热法	CO₂氛，550°C，3h	259.0	—	MB	51.3
壳聚糖	水热法	—	80.65	0.2390	MB	226.24	[28]
纤维素	水热法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	106	0.3022	MB	89.0	[30]
	热活化	ZnCl₂	1201	0.6157	MB	351.0
稻壳	水热法	ZnCl₂	471.0	0.3500	X-GL染料	213.0	[35]
甘蔗渣	焙烧法	—	178.51	0.1343	艳红X	65.15	[37]
脱色废土	煅烧法	—	104.92	0.2011	MB	132.72	[57]
脱色废土	焙烧法	—	83.2	0.1690	MV 4	50.76	[60]
					MV 3	69.93
					碱性红	344.83
脱色废土	水热法	KMnO₄	94.6	—	染料BG	199.9	[61]
脱色废土	水热法	FeCl₃·6H₂O CH₃COONa·3H₂O Na₃C₆H₅O₇·2H₂O	—	—	MB	254.83	[62]
脱色废土	水热法	Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O, Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O CO(NH₂)₂	65.7	0.2331	MB	271.28	[64]
火锅油	煅烧法	—	35.2	0.0879	MV	215.83	[65]
动物油	煅烧法	—	39.59	0.0928	MV	239.34	[70]
染料废土	水热法	Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O	427.9	0.2560	MB	281.7	[72]
		MgSO₄·7H₂O			MV	244.4

碳源	制备方法	改性剂	比表面积 /m²·g^-1	总孔容 /cm³·g^-1	去除率 /%	文献
葡萄糖	水热法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	—	—	73	[10]
葡萄糖	水热-磁化法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	—	—	57	[14]
木糖	水热法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	—	—	29	[17]
果糖			—	—	23
蔗糖			—	—	20
纤维素			—	—	33
葡萄糖	水热法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	—	—	70	[18]
淀粉			—	—	46
纤维素	水热法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	—	—	92	[24]
油菜杆	焙烧法	酚醛树脂			>90	[40]

碳源	制备方法	改性剂	比表面积 /m²·g^-1	总孔容 /cm³·g^-1	去除率 /%	文献
葡萄糖	水热法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	—	—	73	[10]
葡萄糖	水热-磁化法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	—	—	57	[14]
木糖	水热法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	—	—	29	[17]
果糖			—	—	23
蔗糖			—	—	20
纤维素			—	—	33
葡萄糖	水热法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	—	—	70	[18]
淀粉			—	—	46
纤维素	水热法	FeSO₄(NH₄)₂ SO₄·6H₂O	—	—	92	[24]
油菜杆	焙烧法	酚醛树脂			>90	[40]

碳源	制备方法	活化剂	比表面积 /m²·g^-1	总孔容 /cm³·g^-1	抗生素	最大吸附量 /mg·g^-1	文献
马铃薯茎	限氧热解	—	90.40	0.1225	诺氟沙星	5.24	[39]
向日葵叶	限氧热解	FeCl₃·6H₂O	74.06	0.1269	OTC	33.31	[40]
	限氧热解	—	68.62	0.1010	OTC	28.40
脱色废土	水热法	Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O, Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O CO(NH₂)₂	65.7	0.2331	CTC	308.21	[64]
火锅油	一步煅烧	—	35.2	0.0879	TC	256.48	[65]
脱色废土	煅烧法	—	39.5	0.1058	CTC	336.37	[71]
					TC	297.91
吸染料废土	水热法	Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O MgSO₄·7H₂O	427.9	0.2560	TC	319.80	[72]