以CO2为原料的绿色生物制造

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1319

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

温室气体积累而导致的全球性气候变化引起了人们的广泛重视，因此科学家通过不同的方法在CO₂固定方面进行了诸多的探索与研究，例如化学转化、酶催化及微生物转化等。而微生物的多功能性使得其具有将生物质、生物废物和二氧化碳作为原料来生产生物燃料及化学品等物质的优点。本文对天然存在于微生物体内的、可以固定CO₂的途径进行了一定总结，并主要阐述了利用生物法或生物电化学法等方法将二氧化碳绿色地转化为化学品或生物质能源的相关工作。另外，对以粮食为原料的第一代生物制造以及以非粮食的生物质为原料的第二代生物制造方法及效果进行了评价，同时提出了以CO₂为原料的第三代绿色生物制造的概念。最后预测了在利用二氧化碳进行生物转化的未来发展中所需的关键技术与发展走势。

关键词: 生物转化, 能源, 温室气体, 二氧化碳, 生物制造

Abstract:

The global climate change due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases has attracted great attention. Therefore, scientists have carried out many explorations and researches on CO₂ fixation through different methods, such as chemical conversion, enzyme catalysis, and microbial transformation. The versatility of microbes has the advantage of using biomass, biological waste and carbon dioxide as raw materials to produce biofuels and chemicals. In this paper, the ways of immobilizing CO₂ naturally occurring in microorganisms were summarized, and the related work of converting carbon dioxide into chemicals or biomass energy by biological or bio-electrochemistry methods were extensively discuused. In addition, the first (using food as raw material) and second (using non-food biomass as raw material) generations of bio-manufacturing’s methods and effects were evaluated, and the concept of the third generation of bio-manufacturing was introduced. Finally, the key technologies and development trends needed in the future development of carbon dioxide for biotransformation were suggested.

Key words: bio-transformation, energy, greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, bio-manufacturing

中图分类号:

王凯, 贺明丽, 王梦, 谭天伟. 以CO₂为原料的绿色生物制造[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(01): 538-544.

Kai WANG, Mingli HE, Meng WANG, Tianwei TAN. Green biological manufacture with CO₂ as raw material[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(01): 538-544.

图/表 2

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菌种	底物	产品	最适温度/℃	最适pH
伍氏乙酸杆菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸	30	6.8
长醋丝菌	H₂/CO₂	乙酸，丁酸	30～33	7.8
食甲基丁酸杆菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇	37	6
乙酸梭菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸	30	8.3
产乙醇梭状杆菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇，2,3-丁二醇，乳酸	37	5.8～6.0
厌氧食气梭菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇，丁酸盐，丁醇，乳酸	38	6.2
科斯卡塔梭菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇	37	5.8～6.5
德雷克氏梭菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇，丁酸	25～30	3.6～6.8
甲酸乙酸梭菌	CO	乙酸，甲酸	37	—
乙二醇梭菌	H₂/CO₂	乙酸	37～40	7.0～7.5
杨氏梭菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇， 2,3-丁二醇，乳酸	37	6
大梭菌	H₂/CO₂	乙酸	30～32	7.0
拉氏梭菌	H₂/CO₂	乙酸，乙醇， 2,3-丁二醇，乳酸	37	6.3
粪味梭菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇，丁酸	37～40	5.4～7.5
淤泥真杆菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，丁酸	38～39	7.0～7.2
普氏产醋杆菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，丁酸	36～38	7.3
热带棒状穆尔氏菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸	55	6.5～6.8

菌种	底物	产品	最适温度/℃	最适pH
伍氏乙酸杆菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸	30	6.8
长醋丝菌	H₂/CO₂	乙酸，丁酸	30～33	7.8
食甲基丁酸杆菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇	37	6
乙酸梭菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸	30	8.3
产乙醇梭状杆菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇，2,3-丁二醇，乳酸	37	5.8～6.0
厌氧食气梭菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇，丁酸盐，丁醇，乳酸	38	6.2
科斯卡塔梭菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇	37	5.8～6.5
德雷克氏梭菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇，丁酸	25～30	3.6～6.8
甲酸乙酸梭菌	CO	乙酸，甲酸	37	—
乙二醇梭菌	H₂/CO₂	乙酸	37～40	7.0～7.5
杨氏梭菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇， 2,3-丁二醇，乳酸	37	6
大梭菌	H₂/CO₂	乙酸	30～32	7.0
拉氏梭菌	H₂/CO₂	乙酸，乙醇， 2,3-丁二醇，乳酸	37	6.3
粪味梭菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，乙醇，丁酸	37～40	5.4～7.5
淤泥真杆菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，丁酸	38～39	7.0～7.2
普氏产醋杆菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸，丁酸	36～38	7.3
热带棒状穆尔氏菌	H₂/CO₂，CO	乙酸	55	6.5～6.8

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以CO₂为原料的绿色生物制造

Green biological manufacture with CO₂ as raw material

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