木质素基功能材料的制备与应用研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1105

化工进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (01): 434-448.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1105

木质素基功能材料的制备与应用研究进展

王欢(),杨东杰,钱勇,邱学青()

华南理工大学化学与化工学院，广东省绿色精细化学产品工程技术研究开发中心，制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州 510640

收稿日期:2018-05-26 修回日期:2018-07-10 出版日期:2019-01-05 发布日期:2019-01-05
通讯作者: 邱学青
作者简介:王欢（1988—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为木质素基纳米功能材料制备及应用。E-mail：<email>wangh702@126.com</email>。|邱学青，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为木质素资源化利用。E-mail：<email>cexqqiu@scut.edu.cn</email>; <email>xueqingqiu66@163.com</email>。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(21436004，21576106);广东省科技计划(2017B090903003);广州市科技计划(201704030126，201707020025);国家自然科学基金（21436004，21576106）；广东省科技计划（2017B090903003）；广州市科技计划（201704030126，201707020025）。

Recent progress in the preparation and application of lignin-based functional materials

Huan WANG(),Dongjie YANG,Yong QIAN,Xueqing QIU()

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China

Received:2018-05-26 Revised:2018-07-10 Online:2019-01-05 Published:2019-01-05
Contact: Xueqing QIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木质素是植物中含量第二大的天然有机高分子聚合物，以来源于制浆造纸和生物质炼制中的工业木质素为原料，制备具有特殊功能的高附加值材料，对木质素进行资源化高效利用、解决化石资源日趋紧缺及环境污染等问题具有重要意义。近年来，研究人员利用各种技术制备了许多种类的木质素基功能材料，如载药微胶囊、防紫外剂、抗老化剂、光催化剂载体、炭电极材料等。本文介绍了木质素基功能材料的国内外最新研究进展，总结了木质素基功能材料的不同制备工艺和应用领域，评述了木质素微观结构及制备工艺对材料结构特性和应用性能的影响。指出木质素基功能材料的研究是涉及多个学科交叉的前沿课题，但如何高效制备结构规整可控且性能优异的木质素基功能材料仍然是一个具有挑战性的课题。今后的研究应加强对木质素微观结构及其调控机理的研究，以便可以更好地利用其自身的三维网状结构和大量芳香结构等特性制备基于木质素特性的功能材料。

关键词: 木质素, 复合材料, 纳米材料, 制备, 功能材料

Abstract:

Lignin is the second most abundant natural organic polymer in plants. Industrial lignin derived from paper-making and biorefinery processes is utilized to develop functional materials, which plays a great role for the mitigation of fossil resource crisis and environmental pollution and so on. Various lignin-based functional materials have been prepared, including drug-loaded capsules, UV blockers, antioxidants, catalyst carriers, carbon electrodes and so on. This review introduced recent research progresses of lignin-based functional materials, summarized the preparation methods and application fields. The influence of the lignin microstructures and preparation methods lignin on the properties and application performance of the functional materials were also reviewed. Developing lignin-based functional materials is a frontier topic of multidisciplinary. However, how to prepare lignin-based functional materials with controllable structures and excellent performance is still a challenge. Future researches should focus on the microstructures of lignin and its regulation mechanisms, so that it can better use its three-dimensional and aromatic structures to prepare functional materials.

Key words: lignin, composite, nanomaterials, preparation, functional materials

中图分类号:

王欢, 杨东杰, 钱勇, 邱学青. 木质素基功能材料的制备与应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(01): 434-448.

Huan WANG, Dongjie YANG, Yong QIAN, Xueqing QIU. Recent progress in the preparation and application of lignin-based functional materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(01): 434-448.

图/表 13

图1 木质素实心胶体球的透射电镜（TEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）图[23]

图2 碱木质素空心胶体球的TEM、扫描电镜（SEM）和AFM图[30]

图3 氧化锌与木质素/ZnO复合颗粒的SEM、TEM及元素分布图 [40]

表1 活化法制备的木质素炭及其结构特征

碳前体	炭化条件	BET比表面积 /m²·g^-1	总孔体积 /cm ³ ·g^-1	微孔体积 /cm ³ ·g^-1	介孔体积 /cm ³ ·g^-1	参考文献
硫酸盐木质素	350℃，2h，800℃，CO₂，2h	1200	1.01	0.37	0.49	[47]
酸盐木质素	CO₂，800℃，2h	463		0.211		[48]
水解木质素	600℃，2 h，800℃	865	0.82	0.36	0.46	[49]
硫酸盐木质素	CO₂，850℃，20h	1853		0.57		[50]
碱木质素	KOH，950℃，45min	1946	0.96	0.70	0.13	[51]
玉米秸秆木质素	K₂CO₃，800℃，1h	1410		0.49		[52]
硫酸盐木质素	H₃PO₄，472℃，2h	1459	1.34	0.81	0.53	[53]

图4 三维分级木质素多孔炭的制备流程示意图及其微观形貌SEM图[48]

图5 木质素炭/氧化锌复合材料的制备流程图[58]

图6 木质素基功能材料的应用领域

图7 木质素胶体球应用于口服药微胶囊[67]

图8 木质素基防晒乳霜和商品防晒霜在UV-A和UV-B区域的紫外透过率及紫外辐照前后吸光度变化[69]

图9 木质素/ZnO杂化颗粒掺杂改性聚氨酯薄膜的光学和力学性能[40]

图10 木质素炭/ZnO复合材料光催化降解有机染料甲基橙（MO）和罗丹明B（RhB）[58]

图11 三维分级木质素多孔炭超级电容器性能测试结果[55]

图12 木质素炭材料制备流程图及其用作锂电负极材料的电化学性能[19]

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木质素基功能材料的制备与应用研究进展

Recent progress in the preparation and application of lignin-based functional materials

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