介孔碳的研究进展及应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-0721

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 介孔碳是一类新型的具有巨大比表面积和孔体积的介孔材料，可以通过不同的方法合成并对其孔结构和形貌进行调节。本文主要综述了介孔碳及介孔碳基复合材料的合成方法，对比阐述了不同方法制备的介孔碳材料所具备的孔道结构和形貌。介绍了将不同非金属和金属元素及其氧化物掺杂在介孔碳中合成复合材料，发现制备的复合材料具有更优的性能且掺杂元素不同复合材料的形貌和孔道结构不同。此外，简要说明了介孔碳及碳基复合材料在环境、催化、储能、电化学和生物医学等方面的应用，指出其在各个领域的应用仍存在不足。调整介孔碳的孔结构和表面性能、采用更简便易控制的合成方法将成为制备介孔碳及碳基材料的主要研究方向。

关键词: 介孔碳, 掺杂, 复合材料, 合成

Abstract: Mesoporous carbon with specific surface area and various pore volume is a new type mesoporous material. Usually, the pore structures and morphology of mesoporous carbons can be adjusted by using several methods. This study mainly summarizes the synthetic method of mesoporous carbons and mesoporous carbon-based composites, and compares the pore structure and morphology of mesoporous carbon materials prepared by different methods. Doping diverse non-metal or metal and its oxide in mesoporous carbon to prepare composite materials are also introduced. It has been found that the prepared mesoporous carbon composite material have better performance, and the composite materials containing different doping elements possess different morphologies and textures. Moreover, this article briefly introduces their applications in environment, biomedicine, energy storage, electrochemistry, and catalysis as well as their deficiencies in application. Finally, we believe that adjusting pore structure and surface properties of mesoporous carbons and developing simple synthetic method will be the future research directions.

Key words: mesoporous carbon, doping, composites, synthesis

中图分类号:

X522

李鹏刚, 王靖轩, 郭飞飞, 何昱轩, 唐光贝, 罗永明, 朱文杰. 介孔碳的研究进展及应用[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(01): 149-158.

LI Penggang, WANG Jingxuan, GUO Feifei, HE Yuxuan, TANG Guangbei, LUO Yongming, ZHU Wenjie. Recent progress in the synthesis and applications of mesoporous#br# carbon materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(01): 149-158.

参考文献

[1] 杜丽,刘军民,杨旭,等. 中孔分子筛材料的研究进展[J].化工进展,2007,26(6):778-781. DU Li,LIU Junmin,YANG Xu,et al. Research progress of mesoporous molecular sieve materials[J].Chemical Industry and Progress Engineering,2007,26(6):778-781.
[2] KRESGE C T,LEONOWICZ M E,ROTH W J,et al. Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism[J]. Nature,1992,359:710-712.
[3] DAVIS M E. Organizing for better synthesis[J]. Nature,1993,364:391-392.
[4] BECK J S,VARTULI J C,ROTH W J,et al. A new family of mesoporous molecular sieves prepared with liquid crystal templates[J].J. Am. Chem. Soc,1992,114(27):10834-10843.
[5] ZHAO D,FENG J,HUO Q,et al. Triblock copolymer syntheses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 angstrom pores[J].Science,1998,279(5350):548.
[6] SHINAE J,HOON J S,RYONG R,et al. Synthesis of new,nanoporous carbon with hexagonally ordered mesostructure[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2000,122(43):10712-10713.
[7] RYOO R,JOO S H,KRUK M,et al. Ordered mesoporous carbons[J].Advanced Materials,2001,13(9):677-681.
[8] FAN J,YU C,GAO F,et al. Cubic mesoporous silica with large controllable entrance sizes and advanced adsorption properties[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2003,42:3146-3150.
[9] FAN J,YU C Z,LEI J,et al. Low-temperature strategy to synthesize highly ordered mesoporous silicas with very large pores[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society,2005,127(31):10794-10795.
[10] TIAN B,LIU X,TU B,et al. Self-adjusted synthesis of ordered stable mesoporous minerals by acid-base pairs[J].Nature Materials,2003,2(3):159-63.
[11] NGHIEM Q D,KIM D P. Direct preparation of high surface area mesoporous SiC-based ceramic by pyrolysis of a self-assembled polycarbosilane-block-polystyrene diblock copolymer[J].Chemistry of Materials,2008,20(11):3735-3739.
[12] AND Y H,KANEKO K,PEKALA R W,et al. Activated carbon aerogels[J].Langmuir,1996,12(12):6167-6169.
[13] LIU L,DENG Q F,MA T Y,et al. Ordered mesoporous carbons:citric acid-catalyzed synthesis,nitrogen doping and CO₂ capture[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry,2011,21(40):16001-16009.
[14] WANG Q,LI H,CHEN L,et al. Monodispersed hard carbon spherules with uniform nanopores[J].Carbon,2001,39(14):2211-2214.
[15] SHI S,FAN Y,HUANG Y. Facile low temperature hydrothermal synthesis of magnetic mesoporous carbon nanocomposite for adsorption removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotics[J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2013,52(7):2604-2612.
[16] YANG Z C,ZHANG Y,KONG J H,et al. Hollow carbon nanoparticles of tunable size and wall thickness by hydrothermal treatment of α-cyclodextrin templated by F127 block copolymers[J].Chemistry of Materials,2013,25(5):704-710.
[17] KAWASHIMA D,AIHARA T,KOBAYASHI Y,et al. Preparation of mesoporous carbon from organic polymer/silica nanocomposite[J].ChemInform,2001,12(9):3397-3401.
[18] TAO Y,ENDO M,KANEKO K. Hydrophilicity-controlled carbon aerogels with high mesoporosity[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2009,131(3):904-905.
[19] KLEITZ F,SCHMIDT W,SCHUTH F. Evolution of mesoporous materials during the calcination process:structural and chemical behavior[J].Microporous & Mesoporous Materials,2001,44(1):95-109.
[20] HUA Z L,SHI J L,WANG L,et al. Preparation of mesoporous silica films on a glass slide:surfactant template removal by solvent extraction[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2001,292(1-3):177-183.
[21] BUCHEL G,DENOYEL R,LLEWELLYN P L,et al. In situ surfactant removal from MCM-type mesostructures by ozone treatment[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2001,11(2):589-593.
[22] WEINBERGER C,HAFFER S,WAGNER T,et al. Fructose as a precursor for mesoporous carbon:straightforward solvent-free synthesis by nanocasting[C]. ACS Notheast Regional Meeting,New Haven,USA,2013.
[23] SHI J,LI W,LI D. Synthesis,nickel decoration,and hydrogen adsorption of silica-templated mesoporous carbon material with high surface area[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2015,119(41):23430-23435.
[24] FULVIO P F,JARONIEC M,LIANG C,et al. Polypyrrole-based nitrogen-doped carbon replicas of SBA-15 and SBA-16 containing magnetic nanoparticles[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2008,112(34):13126-13133.
[25] 赵亚丽,何臻,俞强,等. 简易模板法制备有序介孔碳及其表征[J]. 化工进展,2014,33(9):2392-2397. ZHAO Yali,HE Zhen,YU Qiang,et al. Preparation and characterization of ordered mesoporous carbon by simple template method[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2014,33(9):2392-2397.
[26] 张雅心,张学军. 酚醛树脂对介孔碳孔结构及有序性的影响[J]. 化工进展,2010,29(9):1700-1704. ZHANG Yaxin,ZHANG Xuejun. Effects of phenol formaldehyde resin on pore size and orderliness of mesoporous carbon[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2010,29(9):1700-1704.
[27] ZHANG F,GU D,YU T,et al. Mesoporous carbon single-crystals from organic-organic self-assembly[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2007,129(25):7746-7747.
[28] HUANG Y,CAI H,YU T,et al. Highly ordered mesoporous carbonaceous frameworks from a template of a mixed amphiphilic triblock-copolymer system of PEO-PPO-PEO and reverse PPO-PEO-PPO[J]. Chemistry-an Asian Journal,2007,2(10):1282-1289.
[29] TANAKA S,NISHIYAMA N,EGASHIRA Y,et al. Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons with channel structure from an organic-organic nanocomposite[J].Chemical Communications,2005,16(16):2125-2127.
[30] LIU C,LI L,SONG H,et al. Facile synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons from F108/resorcinol-formaldehyde composites obtained in basic media[J]. Chemical Communications,2006,7(7):757-759.
[31] LIANG C,DAI S. Synthesis of mesoporous carbon materials via enhanced hydrogen-bonding interaction[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2006,128(16):5316-5317.
[32] DENG Y,YU T,WAN Y,et al. Ordered mesoporous silicas and carbons with large accessible pores templated from amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2007,129(6):1690-1697.
[33] ZHANG J,DENG Y,WEI J,et al. Design of amphiphilic ABC triblock copolymer for templating synthesis of large-pore ordered mesoporous carbons with tunable pore wall thickness[J].Chemistry of Materials,2009,21(17):3996-4005.
[34] HUANG Y,YANG J,CAI H,et al. A curing agent method to synthesize ordered mesoporous carbons from linear novolac phenolic resin polymers[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2009,19(36):6536-6541.
[35] DONG G,BONGARD H,MENG Y,et al. Growth of single-crystal mesoporous carbons with Im3-m symmetry[J].Chemistry of Materials,2010,22(16):4828-4833.
[36] SONG L,FENG D,FREDIN N J,et al. Challenges in fabrication of mesoporous carbon films with ordered cylindrical pores via phenolic oligomer self-assembly with triblock copolymers[J].ACS Nano,2010,4(1):189-98.
[37] GUAN B Y,YU L,LOU X W. Formation of asymmetric bowl-like mesoporous particles via emulsion-induced interface anisotropic assembly[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society,2016,138(35):11306.
[38] 凌晓凤,顾娟,李健生,等. 一步法合成载铁有序介孔碳材料的形成机理[J]. 化工进展,2012,31(1):156-162. LING Xiaofeng,GU Juan,LI Jiansheng,et al. Mechanism of the synthesis of ordered Fe-containing mesoporous carbon composite materials in one-pot[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2012,31(1):156-162.
[39] WANG J C A,LIU Q. An ordered mesoporous aluminosilicate oxynitride template to prepare N-Incorporated ordered mesoporous carbon[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2007,111(20):7266-7272.
[40] SILVA R,VOIRY D,CHHOWALLA M,et al. Efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction:polyaniline-derived N-and O-doped mesoporous carbons[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society,2013,135(21):7823.
[41] LIU C,WANG J,LI J,et al. Synthesis of N-doped hollow-structured mesoporous carbon nanospheres for high-performance supercapacitors[J]. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces,2016,8(11):7194.
[42] WEI H,LV Y,HAN L,et al. Facile synthesis of transparent mesostructured composites and corresponding crack-free mesoporous carbon/silica monoliths[J]. Chemistry of Materials,2011,23(9):2353-2360.
[43] FANG Y,ZHENG G,YANG J,et al. Dual-pore mesoporous carbon@silica composite core-shell nanospheres for multidrug delivery[J].Angewandte Chemie,2014,53(21):5366-70.
[44] SAHA D,DENG S. Hydrogen adsorption on ordered mesoporous carbons doped with Pd,Pt,Ni,and Ru[J].Langmuir the Acs Journal of Surfaces & Colloids,2009,25(21):12550-60.
[45] TANG L,YANG G D,ZENG G M,et al. Synergistic effect of iron doped ordered mesoporous carbon on adsorption-coupled reduction of hexavalent chromium and the relative mechanism study[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,239(1):114-122.
[46] GÓRKA J,JARONIEC M. Incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles into mesoporous carbons synthesized by soft templating[J].Journal of China Pharmaceutical University,2010,42(44):5489-5492.
[47] OH J M,KUMBHAR A S,GEICULESCU O,et al. Mesoporous carbon/zirconia composites:a potential route to chemically functionalized electrically-conductive mesoporous materials[J]. Langmuir the ACS Journal of Surfaces & Colloids,2012,28(6):3259-70.
[48] WANG J,XIN H L,WANG D. Recent progress on mesoporous carbon materials for advanced energy conversion and storage[J]. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization,2014,31(5):515-539.
[49] ZHUANG X,WAN Y,FENG C,et al. Highly efficient adsorption of bulky dye molecules in wastewater on ordered mesoporous carbons[J]. Chemistry of Materials,2009,21(4):706-716.
[50] CHANDRASEKAR G,VINU A,MURUGESAN V,et al. Adsorption of vitamin E on mesoporous silica molecular sieves[J].Chemistry of Materials,2005,17(4):1169-1176.
[51] HU J,HO K T,ZOU X U,et al. All-solid-state reference electrodes based on colloid-imprinted mesoporous carbon and their application in disposable paper-based potentiometric sensing devices[J]. Analytical Chemistry,2015,87(5):2981-2987.
[52] LUO C,XU Y,ZHU Y,et al. Selenium@mesoporous carbon composite with superior lithium and sodium storage capacity[J].ACS Nano,2013,7(9):8003-8010.
[53] CHANG B,FU J,TIAN Y,et al. Multifunctionalized ordered mesoporous carbon as an efficient and stable solid acid catalyst for biodiesel preparation[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2013,117(12):6252-6258.
[54] LEI Zhibin,BAI Shiying,XIAO Y,et al. CMK-5 mesoporous carbon synthesized via chemical vapor deposition of ferrocene as catalyst support for methanol oxidation[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2008,112(3):722-731.
[55] MOHAPATRA S,ROUT S R,DAS R K,et al. Highly hydrophilic luminescent magnetic mesoporous carbon nanospheres for controlled release of anticancer drug and multimodal imaging[J].Langmuir the ACS Journal of Surfaces & Colloids,2016,32(6):1611.
[56] KIM T W,CHUNG P W,SLOWING I I,et al. Structurally ordered mesoporous carbon nanoparticles as transmembrane delivery vehicle in human cancer cells[J].Nano Letters,2008,8(11):3724-3727.