The thermal plasma process for converting coal to acetylene opens up a direct means for clean and effective utilization of coal，which has the potential of substituting the conventional calcium carbide method to produce acetylene. The research on the pyrolysis of coal in thermal plasma is reviewed，including the thermodynamics analysis，lab-scale and pilot-plant experimental studies，quenching techniques. Discussions are made on the key issues for commercialization of such a process. Further demand on fundamental research is proposed.

In the past several decades, with the rapid development of microelectronics and space technology, high-heat-flux thermal management has become the indispensable technique. Spray cooling and nanofluids are two effective techniques to solve high-heat-flux heat dissipation problem. This paper reviews the development of spray cooling from three aspects, namely spray characteristics, external characteristics and spray fluid enhancement. The advantages of nanofluids are introduced. Meanwhile the view on the combination of these two techniques is given.

Oil-water separator is one of new types of hydrocyclone equipment. There is a broad foreground for its application in petrochemical industry. It is important to understand the internal flow characteristics of mixed liquids. CFD is one the methods. By using the three-dimensional numerical simulation of oil-water hydrocyclone separator, some limitations and imperfections of CFD analysis were found，such as the number of the iteration, is one the significant factors influencing the simulation result.

To implement the pre-stressed heat exchanger technology, numerical simulation of the thermal stress between the mutual restraint components and the deformation distribution under pre-deformation in the fixed tube sheet heat exchanger was performed. The new numerical simulation method named “Simulation in subsections, integration of the whole”, and CFD software to get the heat exchanger temperature distribution as a boundary condition for structural analysis in ANSYS. Pre-tension element to impose and control the amount of pre-deformation. The result of thermal-structure coupled analysis was obtained. The research methods were reasonable and feasible, because the simulation results agreed with experimental data very well. In addition, the experimental results and numerical analysis confirmed that by rationally imposing and controlling the amount of predeformation, the restraint between components (plates, shells, tube bundles) of fixed tubes heat exchanger in operation can be effectively alleviated and coordinated to create a good running environment and ultimately improve the operation reliability and service life of heat exchanger.

The kinds of solid superacid catalysts are reviewed as well as their characteristics and applications in esterification catalysis. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of solid superacid catalysts are analyzed. The latest researches on the modification of solid superacid catalysts on the carrier are summarized, which includes doping with rare earth elements, nano-materials, magnetic materials and so on. Finally, the development trend of solid superacid catalysts is presented.

In this paper, the development of the study on the catalysts for direct dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde was described. Three classes of the catalysts: metals and metal-oxides, alkali salt, and molecular sieve based catalysts were introduced. The influences of different catalysts on the conversion of methanol and the selectivity to formaldehyde were discussed. The different characteristics of the catalysts and their potential application were analyzed from catalytic activity, lifetime and economical efficiency.

A series of nanometer titanium dioxide (TiO2) and doped TiO2 photocatalyst were prepared from Ti(OC4H9)4 using sol-gel method. The catalysts were doped of transition metals (Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn), rare earth (La, Ce), precious metal (Ag) and non-metal (N). In order to investigate photocatalytic removal sulfide, the photocatalyst was first plated on the glassware in film form by Czochralski method. The effects of different ions, doping ion concentration, reaction time, baking temperature on hydrogen sulfide removal were studied. The results showed that the optimal volumes of doped Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, La, Ce, Ag and N in TiO2 in the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide as photocatalyts were 0.7%, 5.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 1.0% and 300% (molar ratio to TiO2) respectively. The hydrogen sulfide removal using 0.7% Fe-TiO2 from model compounds of natural gas was close to 97%.

The effect of different additives and their contents on the catalyst of hydrorefining for VGO was investigated. The results indicated that the additive added by use of a unique method could change the nature of support surface，especially the function of acidity，which resulted in high activity，large surface area，concentrated pore distribution and favorable acidity of the catalyst. When the content of the additive was 3%，the catalyst had the highest activity. From the test results，the reaction temperature of the developed catalyst was 4℃ lower than the reference catalyst on the condition that the same quality products were obtained. The result of 1500 h run time experiment indicated good stability of the catalyst.

Four kinds of simple transition metal complexes were synthesized from tetraphenyl porphyrin and transition metal acetate, and were characterized with ultraviolet-visible light spectrometry and Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry. The absorption spectra of transition metal porphyrin complexes were determined. The study indicated that it was feasible to determine the valence state and position in the periodic table of the central ions in transition metal porphyrin complexes with UV-vis and FTIR. The catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane to ciylohexanol and cyclohexanone in air as probe reaction was performed without any solvent or promotor, and the influences of the amount of metal porphyrin, reaction temperature, reaction pressure and reaction time on the catalytic activity were investigated. It was found that manganese porphyrin had the highest activity and the conversion of cylcohexane reached a maximum of 15.37%, and the total selectivity of cyclohexnol and cylcohexanone was about 93.94%

Microwave irradiation technique has rapidly developed as a novel organic synthesis method in recent years for convenient operation, low energy consumption, high production rate and easy purification of products. The mechanism of organic reactions promoted by microwave is briefly introduced, and developments of microwave radiation technique in chitosan modification are summarized.

Hyperbranched polymer has become one of the focuses in polymer research because of its unique structure and properties. The research in hyperbranched polymers has developed from synthesis，chemical and physical properties to molecular theory，functionality and applications. The different synthesis methods of hyperbranched polyurethane are reviewed and the research directions of its application are also presented.

This review describes the synthesis and environmental response of poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) microgels, and the recent progress of the use of multi-responsive microgels as central components of advanced, functional materials. As “smart” materials, they have various，widespread applications. Significant areas of development include the use of microgels as microreactors for templated synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles with predetermined properties, as optically active materials, and as primary units in site-specific and controlled drug delivery systems.

Proteins are amphiphilic molecules with affinity to material surfaces，thus are easily adsorbed on material surfaces and cause biofouling. Nonfouling surfaces are widely used in applications，such as biomedical devices，boat coatings and biosensors etc. Nonfouling mechanism of polymer materials and recent research progress of protein-resistant polymer preparation and surface modification are reviewed.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared by precipitation polymerization using endosulfan as template，(MAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as functional monomer and cross-linker respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to study the interaction between template and functional monomer，and the adsorption efficiency was investigated by equilibrium adsorption experiments. The results showed that the imprinted polymer had higher adsorption efficiency compared to the blank polymer，which had the same chemical composition. Scatchard plot’s analysis revealed that the apparent maximum number of binding sites of the best imprinted polymer was 42.56 mmol/g.

TEOS and MMA are taken as the raw materials to prepare PMMA/SiO2 hybrid material by ultraviolet curing and sol-gel method. The thermal stabilities and micro-structure of the PMMA/SiO2 hybrid materials were characterized with TEM，DSC and FTIR. The studies revel that the diameter of the particle was about 100nm. The existence of covalent bonds between organic phase and inorganic phase，and the forming of homogeneous inter-penetrated network demonstrate the miscibility of the two species was improved greatly by cross-linking.

Gel-polymer electrolyte based on poly(vinylidene) fluoride-hexafluoropropylene was prepared，and reinforced by non-woven fabrics. Polymer membrane morphology and electrochemical properties were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammogram，and the polymer batteries were studied by charge-discharge tests and A.C. impedance. Experimental results showed that the electrochemical stability window of reinforced polymer electrolyte reached 5.0V，its ionic conductivity at room temperature is 2.3 mS/cm. Non-woven fabrics not only reinforced the mechanical strength of polymer electrolyte，but also reduced the interfacial resistance of the polymer battery，so the capacity retention and rate performance of this polymer battery are improved.

Using cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide（CTAB）as the template，TiO2 and V/Ce/F-TiO2 mesoporous materials were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD)，N2 absorptiometry，transmission electron microscope (TEM)，thermal analyses (TG-DTA) and UV-Vis DRS．By systematically studying the influence of the synthesis parameters such as gelling time，aging temperature and time，the optimal conditions for reproducible synthesis of mesoporous titania were established. Specific area up to 189 m2·g－1 was obtained with average pore size in the range of 3.1—5.1 nm. The mesoporous structure of pure TiO2 could be destroyed by removal of template at a calcination temperature of 450 ℃. However，the mesoporous structure of V/Ce/F-TiO2 which removed template by calcination was retaine，which suggests that the mesoporous structure can be stabilized by the doped ions. Shift of the adsorption edge to visible light was found for the doped mesoprous TiO2.

Mesoporous materials were synthesized from metokaolin as precursor and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as template by hydrothermal method. The product was characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)，Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)，High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and N2 adsorption and desorption isotherm plot methods. There was a typical structure as Si—O，Si—OH and Si—O—Si of mesoporous materials in the framework of synthesized materials，the specific surface area calculated by the BET method was 1070m2/g，the pore size distributions of the products show a sharp peak at 3.82 nm.

A series of new carriers with different degrees of crosslinking were synthesized by suspension polymerization with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as functional monomer，ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and divinyl benzene (DVB) as cross-linking agents. Mercury porosi-metry was used to characterize the pore structure（average pore diameter and surface area reached 14.1 nm，112.286 m2/g，respectively）. The swelling behavior of carriers in different solvents was also studied. At the same time，the functionalization of carrier was investigated，and the results showed that the carriers could react with amino group readily. The weak base exchange capacity，which reached 7.72 mmol/g in isopropanol was discussed. Finally，immobilization reaction of papain indicated that the activity of enzyme carriers was the highest in polyethylene polyamine，at a value of 2144 U/g.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) biosynthesized by enormous microbes has been well studied as one of new biomaterials with the most development potential. The recent advances in biosynthesis，recovery and purification，modification，and applications of PHAs，as well as its current production status are reviewed，and the future development focus and trend are also discussed.

Glucose and ethanolamines were catalytic hydrogenated to obtain N-(2-hydroxyethyl)- glucamine，with a transformation rate of 89%. N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-glucamine was dehydrogenated to 6-(2-droxyethyl)amino-6-deoxy-a-L-sorbofiuanose the key intermediate of miglitol by the resting cells of Gluconobater oxydans Gouv2007 through aeration. 6-(2-Droxyethyl)amino-6-deoxy-a-L- sorbofiuanose was hydrogenated catalyticlly to miglitol. In the transformation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)- glucamine to miglitol，the transformation rate was 77.3%. The samples of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)- glucamine and miglitol were characterized with infrared spectroscopy，melting point and MALDI-MS analysis. The results confirmed the samples of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-glucamine and miglitol.

As an important metallic pigment，aluminum pigments are used widely in coating，inks and plastic industry. However，it is necessary to treat the aluminum pigments first to improve the properties of weather-resistance，anti-corrosion in acidic or basic media and compatibility with resin. The methods of surface treatment of aluminum pigments including encapsulation and using corrosive inhibitors are summarized. The kinds of corrosive inhibitors used in the method of corrosion inhibition and their mechanisms are also reviewed. The processes and technologies of inorganic passivation，encapsulation by polymer absorption and by in situ polymerization are introduced. The research directions of aluminum pigments are also presented.

The fermentation process for producing lactic acid and the characteristics of the fermentation broth were introduced. The advances in refinement of lactic acid from the fermentation broth in the last decade was reviewed. These technologies，including crystallization，extraction，esterification-hydrolysis，molecular distillation，adsorption and membrane separation were summarized. The prospects of refinement methods for lactic acid were discussed.

The concentration of synthetic vitamin E by molecular distillation was studied. The experimental results showed that the product purity was above 98% under the conditions：wiper speed 200 r/min，operation pressure 0.1Pa，distillation temperature 158°C，feed rate 110 mL/h，and the main operation parameters were studied. In addition，the experimental data were fitted to obtain the concentration predicor equation of the more volatile component.

Cyclohexanone glycol ketal was synthesis from cyclohexanone and ethylene glycol in the presence of a late-model catalyst, which was prepared with fly ash as raw material. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, TG and FTIR. Various reaction parameters, such as the molar ratio of cyclohexanone to ethylene glycol, amount of catalyst, reaction time, water-carrying reagent and other factors influencing the synthesis were discussed and the optimum conditions was established. The results showed that molar ratio of cyclohexanone to ethylene glycol was 1∶1.4, the amount of catalyst was 2% cyclohexanone, amount of cyclohexane was 10 mL, the reaction time 2 h, the yield of cyclohexanone ethylene ketal reached 99.6% under the optimum condition. The catalyst had a higher activity with respect to condensation reaction and can be used repeatedly.

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx is an efficient technique to remove NOx in the presence of excess oxygen for both stationary and mobile sources. Selective catalytic reduction of NO with methane (CH4-SCR) has received considerable attention because methane is low cost and easily obtained. Characterized with high catalytic activity，zeolite-based catalysts have been widely studied. In this paper，the advances in zeolite-based catalysts for CH4-SCR are reviewed，with focus on catalytic activity，reaction mechanism and the promotion effect of the main four types of Co，Pd，In and Ag catalysts supported on zeolite. By comparing the properties of these catalysts，the application and further research direction on zeolite-based catalyst of CH4-SCR are proposed.

With the development of immobilization technology，more and more achievements have been applied to environmental treatment with unique advantage and tremendous potential. Two immobilization methods，adsorption and embedding，including the selection of carriers and the methods of preparation are introduced. The effect of immobilization on microorganism physiological characteristics and the application of immobilization technique in oil contaminated wastewater remediation are discussed. Finally the deficiencies in the practical application of immobilized microorganisms are summarized.

In order to improve the capacity of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) degradation，strain NERC0401 was immobilized with calcium alginate，and such factors as the concentration of sodium alginate and CaCl2，the size of bead，and the accretion and coexisting organic compounds were investigated through batch experiment. The results showed that the removal of MTBE by strain NERC0401 was above 55% under optimal condition，in which the concentrations of sodium alginate and CaCl2 was all 2% and the diameter of bead was 1.50 mm. Further study indicated that MTBE degradation performance of microbe beads could be enhanced to some extent when 0.5% of activated carbon was added or 200 mg/L ethanol coexisted with MTBE.

Experiments were performed to deoxidize phosphogypsum by a compound reducing agent, a mixture of high-sulfur coal and coal gangue. The effects of compound reducing agent formulation，compound reducing agent size, C/S molar ratio, and reaction temperature on the concentration of SO2 in furnace gas，the decomposition rate of CaSO4 in phosphogypsum and the desulfurization rate were studied. The results demonstrated that the concentration of SO2 in furnace gas was over 16.02%，the decomposition rate of CaSO4 was over 95% and the desulfurization rate was over 90%.

This paper disclose a process of direct reduction iron-making based on entrained-bed pulverized coal gasification. The reducing gas which suits for HYL Ⅲ technology to produce DRI was obtained through the simulation of coal gasification and syn-gas treatment by using Aspen Plus. Through the materials and energy calculations of the whole system，the results of the main consumptions were：coal consumption 384kg/tDRI (based on Wanbei coal)，oxygen consumption 251 m3/tDRI and energy consumption 10.18GJ/tDRI. Compared with the direct reduction iron-making based on coal gasification found in some literatures，the energy consumption of the process was almost the same as the reported index.

In view of seawater softening for offshore oil-fields water injection，a pilot study of seawater softening was done in Jiaozhou bay using ultrafiltration (UF)-nanofiltration (NF) integrated techniques. The effect of pressure on the performance of two nanofiltration membranes was investigated，also the quality and compatibility of permeate water were analyzed when the recovery of nanofiltration was 70%. Long-term experiment on NF-A nanofiltration membranes was carried out. The result showed that the permeate water of NF-A could be compatible with the formation water. UF-NF integrated membrane technique can stably provide water of high quality to offshore oilfields for a long time.