Abstract: With the development of immobilization technology，more and more achievements have been applied to environmental treatment with unique advantage and tremendous potential. Two immobilization methods，adsorption and embedding，including the selection of carriers and the methods of preparation are introduced. The effect of immobilization on microorganism physiological characteristics and the application of immobilization technique in oil contaminated wastewater remediation are discussed. Finally the deficiencies in the practical application of immobilized microorganisms are summarized.