Anisotropic gold nanorods have been widely used in biomedical field due to their unique optical properties and excellent biocompatibility. This paper provides a systematic review on the surface modification and functionalization of gold nanorods including the modification with inorganics materials，surfactants，organic small molecules，organic macromolecules，metallic materials and their functionalization. Applications of gold nanorods in the fields of biorecognition，biological imaging，cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy are also discussed.

The recent development in methanol and acetone binary azeotropic mixture separation is discussed，mainly for extractive distillation and pressure-swing distillation processes. Compared with pressure-swing distillation，extractive distillation has notable advantage in cost. The entrainer selection is a crucial issue in extractive distillation，the entrainer development including traditional single entrainer，salts and ionic liquid. The vapor-liquid equilibrium mode and operational optimization in each class of entrainer are reviewed，and the application trends of extractive distillation and entrainer are also proposed.

Theoretical research on heat pipes with wick groove structure (grooved heat pipes) is reviewed. The geometric appearance of groove wick is clear and less randomness. Therefore，the research on grooved heat pipe is in favor of finding out the micro-flow and micro-phase change heat transfer processes，especially for micro-energy systems，such as microfin and narrow groove. Since the easiness in second-fabrication and anisotropic characteristics of well of the groove structure，the grooved heat pipe can be applied in the areas of heat dissipation of electronics compound，centrifugal field and electromagnetic field.

The characteristics and control mechanism of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of metal hydrides are introduced including the general gas-solid reaction processes. From analyzing the progress of apparent and microscopic reaction models，related research works for kinetic models are summarized. Techniques commonly used in the kinetic measurement for metal hydrides and the relative data processing and analysis are reviewed. The insufficiencies of current models for the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation are analyzed and summarized，and the development trends for future research are proposed.

Catalyst loading，one of the bottleneck issues in catalytic distillation，is systematically reviewed with two major categories according to differently contact styles of gas-liquid-solid three-phase，the gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixed contact style and the gas-liquid liquid-solid separated contact style. The advantages，disadvantages and suitable application fields of various types of loading technology are illustrated，and then the future diversified development trends are also proposed.

A dividing wall column of 8.3 m trial equipment was designed and constructed with a column bottom capacity of 10L for the separation of pyrolysis gasoline. Impact of side locatione，side draw and liquid distribution ratio on separation were investigated. The optimum conditions were found as：material feed rate 6 L/h，feed temperature 56 ℃，top product 1.1 L/h，reflux rate 1.5 L/h，liquid distribution ratio 2:1，side draw 3.6 L/h. Under these conditions，the mass fraction of C5 in the top product could reach to higher than 98.5%. The mass fraction of C5 in the side product was less than 2%. This novel process can shorten the flowsheet and reduce the equipment investment.

The thrust coefficient of different hydrofoil impellers was experimentally studied and simulated with CFD. Results showed that the thrust coefficient of four-broad-blade hydrofoil A is the largest，and that of three-narrow-blade hydrofoil D is the smallest. The simulation results are in good agreement with experiment. Compared with other axial impellers，four-broad-blade hydrofoil A produces a fully developed circulation. The maximum axial velocity of four-broad-blade hydrofoil A is the biggest in these impellers at the vertical line of blade tip. The maximum axial velocity of four-broad-blade hydrofoil A gradually declines with the increase of r/R，and moves toward the bottom of the tank. Experimental results in water system indicated that the mass transfer coefficient（kLa）of four-broad-blade hydrofoil A-Rushton turbine（HF-A -RT）is 9.6% higher than that of Rushton turbine-Rushton turbine（RT-RT）when gas aerated rate is 1.1 vvm and the power consumption per volume（P/V）is not less than 1.5 kW/m3.

The gas-liquid dispersion performance in a self-inspirating tank with dual impellers was studied. In two situations of with and without a stator，the mixing power demand，relative power demand，gas holdup and mass transfer coefficient for different types of impeller combinations were compared. Results indicated that the power demand can be effectively reduced by the self-inspirating tank，the power demand of a combination of 6P-6PDTU is lower than a combination of 6DT-6PDTU，the relative power demand is closed to 1，but the gas holdup and mass transfer coefficient is lower. Hence，the combination of 6DT-6PDTU has a higher power demand and a poor gas-liquid dispersion and mixing，while the self-inspirating gas and gas-liquid mass transfer are better.

On the basis of particle swarm optimization（PSO）algorithm and support vector machine（SVM），the PSO algorithm with last out mechanism was applied to optimize the parameters of SVM. Then，a mutant ICPSO-LSSVM model for predicting soft sensor of the evaporation process in alumina production was constructed and compared with PSO-LSSVM and LSSVM models. Results illustrated that ICPSO-LSSVM is featured with more accuracy and better generalization ability and performance，with which samples with prediction relative error less than 5% are as high as 92.5%，the maximal relative error is only 8.1%，and the MSE is 0.05153. The implement experimental results indicated that the model with more accuracy can basically realize the real-time and online estimation for output concentration.

ZSM-5 zeolite membranes were prepared by second growth method and modified with metallic ion. XRD and SEM were applied to characterize the zeolite membranes. The separation performance of these membranes for thiophenic sulfurs from n-hexane was evaluated. The competitive adsorption of thiophenic sulfurs on these membranes was investigated by varying the loaded ions， the ion concentration and the activation temperature. The regeneration of used membranes was also investigated. Results showed that the best separation factor of sulfides amounted to 1.7 by ZSM-5 membranes loaded with 0.2 mol/L Ag+ solution. The separation performance of the membranes was the best when activated 450℃. Benzothiophene showed a strong competitive adsorption effect to thiophene. Regeneration results showed that ZSM-5 zeolite membranes have good stability.

High-pressure vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the binary systems of carbon dioxide with methyl acrylate and with propyl acrylate were measured at pressure from 1.00 to 12.00 MPa and temperature in the range of 313.0—373.0 K. Experimental results were correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state with the two-parameter van der Waals mixing rule. At the same time，the Henry’s coefficient，partial molar enthalpy change and partial molar entropy change of CO2 during dissolution at different temperature were also calculated.

Existing problems for the application of methanol fuel in China are analyzed，mainly including the toxicity，compatibility with gasoline，corrosiveness，and vaporizability. The application of methanol gasoline abroad is described and the reasons for without the use of methanol gasoline. In case of China，the main problem is the lack of specifications for low percentage methanol gasoline，large-scale promotion of methanol gasoline should have real practical policy measures and scientific data，addressing issues need to be resolved from environmental protection，automobile and oil quality.

Presulfurization is an important process for the activation of hydrotreating catalyst in oxidation state. The progresses in ex-situ presulfurization for hydrotreating catalysts are reviewed，and the hydrotreating techniques applied in different fields，particularly in the HDS process are summarized. The advantages and shortcomings of the major ex-situ presulfurization technologies are discussed，and the involved sulfurization mechanism and proposed models for active sites are interpreted and analyzed. Our achievements in ex-situ presulfurization technology and the commercial applications in China are introduced.

Advances of chromium based catalysts for the preparation of 1-hexene from ethylene are reviewed. Structure，selectivity for 1-hexene and catalytic activity of the catalysts consisting of pyrrole ligand，maleiimide ligand，cyclopentadienyl ligand，boratabenzenyl ligand，aryloxide ligand，[O] ligand，[N] ligand，[P] ligand，[P，N] ligand，[S，N] ligand are introduced. Prospects for the development of catalysts for 1-hexene is also proposed.

Hydrogen transfer reaction is a kind of reduction reaction，in which the hydrogen donor is used as hydrogen source. Compared with hydrogenation using hydrogen gas，hydrogen transfer reaction is widely applicable both in laboratory research and industrial production，benefit from its mild reaction condition and low equipment requirement. Based on the hydrogen transfer reaction of aromatic sulfonic acid，related reaction factors are summarized，including reaction condition，catalyst，hydrogen donor and applicable reaction types. Related literatures published after the year of 2000 are mainly reviewed. Hydrogen transfer reaction is indicated to be an efficient and green technology to perform hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reduction.

Catalysts with different Ni content supported on activated alumina， γ-Al2O3 with surface area of 241 m2/g，were prepared via traditional volume impregnation method. The catalysts Ni/γ-Al2O3 were characterized by XRD，SEM and BET. Dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane (MCH) catalyzed by Ni/γ-Al2O3 was performed under a fixed-bed micro reactor. Experimental results showed that the dehydrogenation conversion of MCH can be reached to 94.58% and the selectivity to toluene formation is 100% by using 20% Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst at 653 K and 0.5 MPa with v(MCH)/v(N2) of 7/12 and the volume gas space velocity of 212 h－1. These Ni-based catalysts are feasible to replace platinum and other noble metal catalysts.

Bimodal mesoporous materials are new hierarchical materials with small mesopores and large mesopores simultaneously. These materials have great potential applications in adsorption and catalytic fields，and have already aroused much attention. This paper summarizes the synthesis approaches of bimodal mesoporous materials and their application in adsorption and catalysis. In addition，the development trend is dicussed including the effective control of bimodal mesoporous structure and pore spatial distribution，the characterization of pore structure and physicochemical properties，and the application investigation.

Amino-functional carriers for enzyme immobilization are reviewed，including natural polymers chitin and chitosan as well as synthetic amino-functional silica gel carriers. Enzyme immobilization with methods of glutaraldehyde crosslinking，carrier pre-activation and enzyme pre-activation are summarized. Development trends for enzyme immobilization using amino-functional carriers are also discussed. To afford more moderate reaction conditions，larger enzyme immobilization amount and higher enzyme activity recovery and stability，it is necessary to further investigate new amino-functional carriers for enzyme immobilization. As for specific carriers and enzymes，immobilized enzyme performance can be further improved through optimized combinations of ligand，stabilizer addition as well as modification before and after immobilization and post-treatment.

Nano-titania has become a representative of semiconductor photocatalysts due to its excellent properties. Methods for the preparation of titania with good performance are very important in practice. This paper provides a review on the recent progress in nano-titania preparation，including gas，liquid and solid phase processes. The advantages and disadvantages of each process are summarized and analyzed based on the physical forms of the precursors. Prospects for future development in nano-titania preparation are proposed.

TiO2 films with different crystalline particle size，pore size and light transmittance were prepared by sol-gel method through varying the aging temperature and period. TG-DSC and FTIR analysis for the dried gel film indicated that acetylacetone has been bounded to the polymer chain，and the amount of organic components in the gel decreases as the aging temperature or period increase. XRD results revealed that the crystalline size decreases with the aging period increase. TEM observation suggested that the prepared film shows a honeycomb microstructure，and both the pore size and the wall thickness decrease with the aging period increase. The pores formed mainly due to the oxidation and degradation of organic components，and the pore size depended on the composition of organic components. The films prepared with sols aged at 80 ℃ for 24 h or at 150 ℃ for 2 h performed an excellent light transmittance of 96% and 90% respectively.

Two kinds of mesophase pitch microbeads（MPMB-1 and MPMB-2，about 25μm in diameter）with narrow size distribution and perfect spherical shape were prepared by emulsion method from mesophase pitches based on FCC-decant oil（FCC-MP）and naphtha-tar pitch（AR-MP），respectively. After oxidation，carbonization and graphitization，mesophase graphite microbeads（MGMB-1 and MGMB-2）were obtained. The prepared microbeads were characterized by using polarizing microscope，scanning electron microscope（SEM）and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. Results showed that MPMB-1 and MPMB-2 have an irregular and distorted lamellar structure of oriented aromatic hydrocarbons. After graphitization at 2800 ℃，interlayer spacing（d002）of MGMB-1 and MGMB-2 were a little larger than that of MGMB-3 which was prepared by polycondensation of FCC-decant oil. Electrochemical measurements showed that MGMB-1and MGMB-2 have better cyclability and cycle efficiency than those of MGMB-3 as an anode of a Li-ion battery. The first discharge capacities of MGMB-1 and MGMB-2 were measured as 305 mAh/g and 302 mAh/g，respectively.

Poly-carboxylic acid water reducer agent PAMMA with comb-like structure was prepared from intermediate PA that was synthesized using solid superacid / Zr4+ as catalyst. The molecular structure and mechanical properties of the obtained water reducer agent were investigated，such as rheological property，morphology of the blend，flexural and compressive resistance when applied in Huaxin P42.5 cement. Results showed that the water reducer agent obtained by using the present method have good performance，and its molecular structure is similar with that of Viscocrete 3000 of Sika Company. Application in cement proved that the obtained water reducer agent can significantly reduce water consumption，the 28D strength increase 125% as compared with the net slurry cement.

PP，PA6 and compatilizer POE-g-MAH ternary blend was investigated inorder to enhance the melt strength of PP. Melt strength of the modified PP was measured directly by using a melt strength tester，and the dynamic rheological characteristics，FTIR and micro features of of the modified PP were also investigated. Experiment results proved that enhancement in the melt strength of PP with the present method was successful.

Fatty acid methyl esters with different carbon chain length were separated by urea adduct method for providing preservation film materials for agricultural products. Effects of urea amount，solvent usage，adduction time and temperature on the separation were investigated. According to the Box-Benhnken center-united experimental design principles，three factors of urea amount，95% ethanol consumption and temperature，and two indexes of the purities of C16 and C18 fatty acid methyl esters were selected，the separation conditions were optimized by Design expert 7.0.1 software and the corresponding regression model was established. The optimized conditions were found as：palm oil methyl ester 20 g，urea amount 35 g，5% ethanol 120 mL，inclusion temperature of 5 ℃，inclusion time 16 h，under which the C16 fatty acid methyl ester content in the phase of saturated fatty acid methyl ester reached to 78.5%，the C18 fatty acid methyl ester content in the phase of unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester reached to 93.1%，improved 36.4% and 40.8% respectively than the starting materials.

Whole cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae AS2.1392 were used to catalyze the asymmetric reduction of methyl benzoylformate to form (R)-methyl mandelate. This biocatalytic process showed application potentials for its high catalytic activity and good operational stability. The inhibition effect of substrate and product on the bioreduction was evaluated by determining the initial reaction rate，and adsorbent resins were applied to alleviate the substrate and/or product inhibition. Due to the high adsorption capacity and the promoting effect on the bioreduction，resin NKA-Ⅱ was selected as the adsorbent material. Under the optimum resin amount and the proper adding mode，molecular yield of the product increased from 35.0% to 71.2% with an ee of (R)-methyl mandelate maintained 95% at the substrate concentration of 180 mmol/L.

Ultrasonic and reflux assisted extraction of isoflavones from sorbean hull（ISH）was investigated. For the single-factor experiments，extraction temperature，concentration of ethanol and ultrasonic time were selected as the influencing factors. Combined with the response surface methodology，the extraction conditions for ISH was optimized as：temperature 83 ℃，ethanol concentration 84%，ultrasonic time 30 min，soybean hull size 150 μm，solvent to material 25:1，reflux extraction time 90 min and ultrasonic power 108 W. Under these optimized conditions，the extraction yield of ISH was up to 3.5 mg/g.

Sequencing Batch Reactor（SBR）was used to enrich short-cut denitrifying phosphorus accumulating bacteria（SDPB）. The strain was isolated，purified and identified. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the medium of bacteria. Results showed that Si was isolated and purified from SBR. Morphological/physiological/biochemical indicators and the phylogenic tree of 16S rDNA gene sequence measurements demonstrated that Si is similar to Acinetobacter beijerinckii. Biochemical properties also demonstrated that Si has the function of short denitrifying and phosphorus accumulating. Acinetobacter beijerinckii is a kind of SDPB. Through the analyses of response surface methodology，the order of key factors affecting the growth of Si is pH≈carbon source＞nitrogen source. The best medium of Si is carbon source of 4060mg/L，nitrogen source of 1090 mg/L with pH 8.0. The average turbidity of bacteria is 0.867.

Cotton fabric is the first choice for people among all kinds of summer clothing. Because of inferior anti-UV property of cotton，the anti-UV finishing for cotton fabric is necessary. The finishing is important for both achieving healthy life for people and improving additional value of cotton fabric. In this review，anti-UV finishing methods are summarized，including finishing with organic UV absorbers and inorganic nano-UV shielding agents. Improvement of application process and development of highly efficient and stable reagents are equally important for finishing with organic UV absorbers，and the process method should be improved for finishing with inorganic nano-UV shielding agents also.

A new method for the determination of trace arsenic and mercury in yam was established. The pretreatment methods for sample were studied，including microwave digestion and extraction. The instrument condition，acidity，KBH4 concentration and pre-reducer were optimized by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Results showed that the methods of microwave digestion and extraction have little difference. The linearity ranges for mercury and arsenic are 0—50 ng/mL and 0—100 ng/mL，respectively，and the detection limits of them are 0.005 ng/mL for mercury and 0.087 ng/mL for arsenic. The relative standard deviations are 2.13% and 3.92% for 4 ng/mL mercury and 20 ng/mL arsenic，respectively. The recoveries are 94.8%—102.9% and 91.5%—105.7% for mercury and arsenic，respectively.

Cationic polyacrylamide with quaternary ammonium group was used for cotton pretreatment with dip-pad-bake method and the obtained cotton was applied to salt-free dyeing of reactive dyes. The adsorption behaviors of C.I. Reactive Red 195，C.I. Reactive Red 19 and C.I. Reactive Yellow 145 on cationised cotton were investigated. Langmuir and Freundich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms and isotherm constants were obtained. Langmuir-type adsorption isotherms were determined for reactive dyes on cationised cotton and the pseudo-second-order model provided a very good fitting for the three reactive dyes. The thermodynamic parameters including change in free energy（ΔG），enthalpy（ΔH），and entropy（ΔS）were also calculated and discussed. The color yield and fastness properties of the dyes on both fibers were also investigated and the satisfactory results showed the feasibility of the pretreatment method.

The process of flue gas purification with photocatalytic abatement of nitrogen oxides has become a resource-economical and environment-friendly technology. To develope high-efficient，stable photocatalyst materials plays a crucial role in the photocatalytic process and is the primary step to industrial application. This paper reviews the influencing factors of photocatalytic removal of NOx and addresses the methods to improve catalytic efficiency，based on which，some suggestions are proposed for further study.

Super absorbent resin prepared from modification of natural polymers as a kind of functional materials has developed rapidly in recent years. The unique chemical structure makes natural polymers can absorb water hundreds even thousands of times of their own weight. Natural polymers can also absorb some kinds of salt solutions in relatively large amount. The introduction of natural polymer into molecular structure made the obtained materials have good biodegradation ability，these materials can be widely used in agriculture and forestry production，urban gardening，water conservation and the fight to drought and desertification. This paper summarizes the progress of super absorbent resin prepared from modification of natural polymers，existing problems in application are discussed and further development prospects are proposed.

Arsenic adsorption materials were prepared by supporting active components on mesoporous molecular sieves. The prepared arsenic adsorption materials were characterized by XRD，SEM and N2 adsorption-desorption. The arsenic adsorption property of these materials was carried out according to the requirement to remove arsenic from liquid hydrocarbons at ambient temperature. Experimental results showed that these novel materials have more excellent performance for arsenic adsorption than that traditional arsenic removal material used in industry.