Abstract: Anisotropic gold nanorods have been widely used in biomedical field due to their unique optical properties and excellent biocompatibility. This paper provides a systematic review on the surface modification and functionalization of gold nanorods including the modification with inorganics materials，surfactants，organic small molecules，organic macromolecules，metallic materials and their functionalization. Applications of gold nanorods in the fields of biorecognition，biological imaging，cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy are also discussed.

摘要： 各向异性的金纳米棒由于具有独特的光学性质、较好的生物适应性，在生物医学领域得到了日益广泛的应用。本文系统评述了金纳米棒的表面修饰技术及其功能化的研究进展，内容包括：①金纳米棒的无机材料修饰，表面活性剂修饰、有机小分子及有机大分子修饰、金属材料修饰及其功能化；②金纳米棒在生物标记与识别、生物成像、癌症诊断和光热治疗等领域中的应用。