Medical polymers have given tremendous contribution to human health and social progress. However，it has been recognized that the misunderstanding or inappropriate selection for polymeric materials would bring new disease sources and risks for human health. The present review provides a systematic summary for the potential hazards of medical infusion and blood storage and transfusion prepared with polyvinyl chloride（PVC）to human health and environment. Replacement of PVC with modified polyolefin alloys for the manufacture of these medical devices is also introduced，providing with their characterization of physical，chemical and biological properties. Furthermore，the developing trends for medical polymeric materials are discussed.

Fluid flow and mixing are major factors affecting reactions，and segregation index is a common parameter for characterizing the mixing degree. Average residence time and residence time distribution are the measure of back-mixing in reactors. In this paper，mixing mechanisms were discussed，and the experimental and mathematical simulation methods for segregation index determination were introduced. The mixing degree could be intensified by external energy or the change in flow patterns and velocities. Four major types of reactors were analyzed and discussed including stirred tank reactor，impinging stream reactor，static mixer and high-gravity rotating bed reactor.

Three commonly used steady-state models for catalytic distillation process and their algorithms are reviewed，including the equilibrium stage model，the non-equilibrium stage model and the non-equilibrium cell model. Advantages and disadvantages of each model and algorithm are summarized. Prospects for future development of steady-state models and their algorithms of catalytic distillation are also discussed.

Biodiesel is derived from renewable resources and has become more attractive due to its environmental benefits. Batch processes for biodiesel production have many limitations such as low production efficiency and unstable product quality，etc. Continuous processes are the trend for industrial production because of the lower energy consumption and cost. This paper presents the development statuses of common continuous reactors investigated for the production of biodiesel，such as continuous stirred tank reactors，plug flow reactors and fixed bed reactors，etc. Major advantages and disadvantages of these reactors are summarized.

The fractionation process for the mixture of propylene and propane was simulated by modeling the process with industrial operation data. Based on the established model，operation variables and control variables that influence the stability of industrial process were investigaed，such as volume concentration of feed，impurity concentration in product，reflux ratio and feed charge，through which relevant suggestions were proposed. Firstly，the optimum feed stage should be adjusted with the change of feed. Secondly，the controlled propane concentration in propylene production should be in the range between 3000 mL/L and 5000 mL/L，and accordingly，the reflux ratio should be in the range between 14 and 12.5. Finally，propylene concentration in the bottom product should be adjusted between 2% and 6% depending on the feed charge.

To design a novel pervaporation membrane reactor for cyclohexane oxidation，based on the solubility parameter theory，solubility interactions between polymers and solvents were compared to select potential appropriate membrane materials for the separation of cyclohexanol (cyclohexanone)/ cyclohexane mixtures. Solubility interactions between thirty polymers and the three solvents，i.e. cyclohexanol，cyclohexanone and cyclohexane，were plotted using the combined component parameter and the hydrogen(H) bonding component parameter. Hydrogen-bonding interaction and the distance between the vector end point of solvents and polymers were investigated. From the preliminary analysis，PA-66，PVP，PEG，CTA and CA were considered to be potential appropriate membrane materials.

Ethylene-ethane rectifier is a typical complicated close-boiling fractionation system，which includes product side-draw，several middle reboilers and strict product requirement. As a typical multivariable system，close-boiling fractionation system is very complicated，and these variables are seriously connected each other. Dynamic model establishment and system simulation will help to coordinate the relations between variables and to implement advanced control plan. However，the complication of actual system leads to many problems in the process of obtaining exact mechanic model and solving related mathematical equations. For example，the accuracy of enthalpy and equilibrium constant can greatly influence the dynamic simulation of close-boiling fraction. An ethylene distillation column was selected as a case to propose strategies dealing with these problems better. BWR state equations were used to calculate the enthalpy and equilibrium constant，the model accuracy was improved，and the enthalpy derivatives in the energy equation were reasonably simplified. Simulation results showed reasonable computational efficiency and accuracy. Such improved model for ethylene distillation column has a high precision，and can predict the dynamic behaviors better.

Sorbent regeneration is a key technology in the industrial applications of high temperature coal gas desulfurization. This review focuses on the regeneration behaviors of desulfurization sorbents in different atmospheres composed in regeneration gas，such as O2，H2O，H2O-O2 or SO2. Results revealed that the regeneration behaviors were distinctly affected by different regeneration gas atmospheres and technical conditions. In addition，the sulfur recovery research should be combined together with the sorbent regeneration. Finally，suggestions for further study on sorbents regeneration are proposed.

Optimization for hydrodenitrification process conditions of coal tar in a fixed-bed hydrogenation unit was investigated using single-factor extraction tests and response surface methodology. The optimized process conditions were found as：reaction temperature of 704.4 K，reaction pressure of 13.48 MPa，hydrogen to oil volume ratio of 1600∶1 and LHSV（liquid hourly space velocity）of 0.20 h－1，under which the nitrogen content of products was 90～100 μg/g. For the high nitrogen mass fraction in coal tar，the hydrodenitrification reaction must be carried out at high temperature，high pressure and low LHSV to get higher denitrification rate. These findings provided some valuable information for further researches in coal tar hydro-upgrading process.

Biodiesel was prepared from Jatropha curcas oil through transesterification catalyzed by ionic liquid [HSO3-bpy]CF3SO3. Effect of temperature，catalyst amount，the ratio of methanol to oil and reaction time on transesterification were studied by orthogonal experiment. Results showed that the yield of biodiesel reached to 90.4% under the optimized conditions with temperature of 140 ℃，catalyst amount of 5%，methanol to oil molar ratio of 15∶1 and reaction time of 5h. The ionic liquid [HSO3-bpy]CF3SO3 had no obvious change in catalytic activity after being used for 6 times，and the product matched the ASTM standards.

This review summarizes the preparation，catalytic activity and industrial application of new unsupported hydrotreating catalysts. The advantages and limitations of unsupported hydrotreating catalysts are discussed. Industrial application has proved that unsupported hydrotreating catalysts show higher catalytic activity than supported ones and can meet the requirements for clean fuel. Finally，prospects for the synthesis and application of unsupported hydrotreating catalysts are discussed.

This review summarizes eight kinds of Ziegler-Natta catalysts for Unipol gas-phase process of polyethylene production together with the analysis of their advantages and disadvantages. M catalyst is widely applied，while its catalytic activity is low. BCG-IV catalyst shows high initial and total activities for the addition of accelerator during catalyst preparation. SCG-1 catalyst has moderate activity，while its preparation is simple. GM catalyst has high catalytic activity and the polymer produced has high bulk density owing to the introduction of special electron donor during the activiting process of carriers. However，J catalyst is the leading direction of Unipol process catalyst development for its outstanding performance. BCS-02 is more suitable for condensated state operation. Preparation of BCS-01 catalyst is unique，while requires demanding preparation conditions. SLC catalyst，without the application of silica gel carriers，shows high catalytic efficiency with greatly reduced production cost. Some suggestions to promote the development and localization of Unipol process catalysts are proposed.

Advantages of TiO2 as the support of hydrodesulfurization（HDS）catalyst were presented，and the forming techniques and their applications of TiO2 support in the hydrodesulfurization of diesel were summarized. Great progress have been made in the forming techniques of TiO2 support，and the presently available TiO2 support can meet the requirements for diesel hydrodesulfurization. Several methods to improve the catalytic performance of HDS catalysts with TiO2 support were summarized as：（1）modification of the titania support with lanthanum and cerium，（2）introduction of promoters to the catalyst，（3）application of nano-structured TiO2 or titania nanotube with high surface area as support.

Cu/Cr catalyst exhibits superior catalytic hydrogenolysis activity in glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1，2-propanediol for its efficient hydrogenolytic activity towards C—O bond and poor activity towards C—C bond. Cu/Cr catalysts were prepared by different methods and examined for the glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction. Experimental results indicated that preparation methods have large effects on the glycerol hydrogenolysis. Among five catalysts prepared，the catalytic hydrogenolysis activity was found in the order of copper ammonia complexation method > Adkins method > sodium carbonate method > diatomite impregnation method > dry-mixed method. XRD，TG，BET，FT-IR and TPR were used to measure and analyse the structural differences of catalysts prepared by different methods. The correlation and structural effect with catalytic performance were also analysed and discussed.

Selective synthesis of p-xylene by alkylation of toluene with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was carried out in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor over MgO-modified MCM-22 molecular sieves．The MgO/MCM-22 catalysts were characterized by means of XRD，N2 adsorption-desorption and pyridine-IR．Effects of MgO loading and reaction conditions were investigated．Results indicated that a high toluene conversion can be achieved along with an obvious increase in the selectivity for p-xylene over MgO modified MCM-22 using Mg(AC)2 as precursor．The influence of various reaction conditions was studied over a 12% MgO/MCM-22 catalyst．Under the optimal conditions，i.e. reaction temperature of 653 K，n (toluene) ：n (DMC) of 4 and WHSV of 1 h－1，the conversion of toluene and the selectivity to p-xylene were 31.01% and 55.61%，respectively．

The catalytic behavior of self-made phosphomolybdic acid for esterification reaction under microwave irradiation was studied，and effects of catalyst amount，microwave power and irradiation time were investigated. Under the optimal conditions，i.e.，phosphomolybdic acid amount of 0.05 g，microwave power of 640 W and irradiation time of 40 min，n-butyl acetate yield could be achieved to 94.5%.

Synthesis of tributyl citrate using macroporous strong acid cationic exchange resin as a nonhomogeneous catalyst was investigated，the optimum reaction parameters were found as：citric acid to butanol molar ratio of 1∶4.5，catalyst amount of 20% citric acid mass，reaction temperature of 130℃，under which the esterification yield was above 94.3%. The reaction product purification was also investigated and the purity of purified tributyl citrate was higher than 99.5%.

Ordered mesoporous materials have been widely employed as carriers for controlled drug release due to their high specific surface areas，pore volumes and regulated pore channels. The controlled drug release capacities of ordered mesoporous materials can be improved upon surface modification，such as drug loading amount and enhancement and drug release rate reduction. The controlled drug release can improve the drug persistent efficacy and therapeutic efficiency，and achieve targeted drug delivery. Different ordered mesoporous materials as carriers for controlled drug release and influence factors are reviewed，and their application prospects are predicted.

Acrylic acid production has been greatly affected by the increasing shortage of petroleum，and it is particularly important to investigate how to produce acrylic acid from renewable resources. Lactic acid production by fermentation from renewable resources is a mature process，hence，dehydrating lactic acid to acrylic acid might be an effective alternative way for acrylic acid production. This paper provides a review on the main approaches of acrylic acid production with particular focus on the current research situation for lactic acid dehydration methods，prospects for acrylic acid production from lactic acid are also discussed.

PANI-PVA electric conductive coatings doped with HC1，DBSA and NH2SO3H were prepared，and effect of PANI to PVA mass ratio，acid and oxidant(APS) content，reaction time and drying temperature on the conductivity of coating films were investigated. The conductivity of PANI-PVA coating film was the highest when the mass fraction of PVA was 40% and the film drying temperature was 80℃. The conductivity of HCl-PANI-PVA was 15.0 S/cm when HCl content was 0.5mol/L，reaction time was 6h and APS/An molar ratio was 1.0；The conductivity of DBSA-PANI-PVA was 7.1 S/cm when DBSA content was 1.0 mol/L，reaction time was 8h and APS/An molar ratio was 2.0；The conductivity of NH2SO3H-PANI-PVA was 2.0 S/cm when NH2SO3H content was 1.0 mol/L，reaction time was 6 h and APS/An molar ratio was 2.0. The conductivity of HCl-PANI-PVA was the highest among the three acid doped PANI-PVA electric conductive coatings.

Cationic polystyrene-acrylate emulsion was modified by perfluoralkylacrylate with two-stage emulsifier-free polymerization，in which 2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethyl acrylate was used as the fluoro containing monomer，methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride（DMC）and acrylamide（AM）were used as the cationic and hydrophilic monomers，respectively. Structure and thermal stability of the copolymer were characterized by FTIR and thermogravimetic analysis（TGA），respectively. Effect of the fluoro-monomer content and temperature on the surface free energy of the copolymer latex films was analyzed. Results showed that when FEA content used in the copolymerization increased from 1.2% to 5%，the surface free energy of the copolymer films decreased drastically from 23.54 mJ/m2 to 15.27 mJ/m2. With a further increase in FEA content，the surface free energy reduced slowly. When FEA content increased to 9.8%，the surface free energy decreased to 14.83 mJ/m2. Through annelaing treatment of copolymer latex films with the temperature increase from 25 ℃ to 120 ℃，the surface free energy decreased from 15.27 mJ/m2 to 14.06 mJ/m2.

Waterborne polyurethane adhesive emulsions were synthesized with isophorone diisocyanate（IPDI），dihydromethyl propionic acid（DMPA），polyester glycol（XH-111），trimethylolpropane（TMP）and 1,4-butanediol（BDO），and then reacted with hydroxy-ethyl acrylate（HEA）to cap the —NCO terminal groups. Such polyurethane emulsions were used to further copolymerize with acrylates to synthesize modified waterborne polyurethane composite emulsions through free-radical polymerization. Structure and thermal stability of the modified and unmodified polyurethanes were studied by FTIR and TGA，and effects of —COOH content，polyacrylate content and mass ratio of MA to BA on water resistance，mechanical property and bonding strength of the obtained polyurethane adhesive were discussed. Results showed that the water resistance，thermal stability and flexibitity of modified polyurethane adhesive behaved outstanding performance with bonding strength of 5.9 N/mm，in which —COOH content was 1.48% to 1.50%，polyacrylate content was 30% and the mass ratio of MA to BA was 4∶2.

Polyacrylonitrile-based preoxidized nanofiber mat was microwave carbonized in nitrogen atmosphere for preparing carbon nanofiber mat，then water steam was taken as activating agent for preparing the activated carbon nanofiber mat. The operation conditions were optimized through orthogonal experiment. Field emission-scanning electron microscope，infrared spectrometer，X-ray diffraction were employed to characterize the morphology and structure of the carbon nanofiber mat. Specific surface area，pore volume，pore size distribution and phenol adsorption value of the obtained carbon nanofiber mat were measured to evaluate the effects of the operation factors in the orthogonal experiment on the yield of activation and adsorption properties of activated carbon nanofiber mat. Results showed that activated carbon nanofiber mat with excellent adsorption properties could be prepared under the optimized operation conditions. The obtained carbon nanofiber mat showed mainly micropores with specific surface area of 1107.4 m2/g and phenol adsorption value of 428.1 mg/g.

Pure-phase yttrium aluminum garnet（YAG）powders were synthesized by co-precipitation method using Al(NO3)3·9H2O，Nd2O3 and Y2O3 as raw materials，NH4HCO3 as precipitator and (NH4)2SO4 as dispersion medium. The synthesis was optimized with L9（34）orthogonal experimental design by selecting four factors，such as the concentration of Al3+ and NH4HCO3，titration rate and pH value. Results showed that pH value had a significant effect. Pure-phase YAG powders were all obtained with replication experiments under the optimized conditions. The obtained pure-phase YAG powders and their precursors were characterized by TG/DTA，XRD，FTIR and TEM. By calcining the precursor at 1000 ℃，well dispersive and spherical pure-phase YAG nano-powders with an average particle size of about 23 nm were obtained.

Enzyme must be treated properly for properties improvement before implementation at industrial scale，in which enzyme immobilization is the most important and conventional technique. This paper introduces the recent process in enzyme immobilization，including multipoint covalent immobilization，single enzyme nanoparticles，magnetic nanofibers，cross-linked enzyme crystal，cross-linked enzyme aggregate，chaperonin，artificial oil bodies and aptamer. New strategies to obtain immobilized enzyme with improved catalytic properties are emphasized，including stability，activity，enantioselectivity，recovery and reuse.

Lipase is an important industrial enzyme. This review summarizes the application of Pseudomonas lipases in resolution of chiral alcohols and esters which are important intermediates for medical and fine chemicals. Besides，mechanism for the enantioselective performance of Pseudomonas lipase by molecular modeling，and the method for enantioselective enhancement by directed evolution are discussed. Furthermore，due to the nature of organic solvent tolerance，Pseudomonas lipases can be used in non-aqueous biocatalysis. With the interdisciplinary development of biology and chemistry，Pseudomonas lipases will have great potential in development and application in the future.

Optically pure arylamines are important building blocks in drug synthesis and are commonly used as chiral auxiliaries and chiral resolving agents. Recent development in the enzymatic synthesis of enantiopure arylamines was reviewed in this paper，including lipase-based enantioselective acylation，transaminase-based asymmetric synthesis and kinetic resolution. Prospects of biocatalysts application in chiral amine synthesis were also discussed. Dynamic kinetic resolution might be a possible way to improve the yield of lipased-catalysed acylation，while the study of coenzyme regeneration system might reduce the cost in transaminase-catalysed reaction. Improvements in reaction system and process might also greatly enhance the efficiency of transaminase-catalysed reaction.

A novel matrix was developed for fermentation to produce L-lactic acid by Rhizopus oryzae at shaker-level. Fungal mycelia were immobilized on the matrices to study the fermentation conditions and process stability. During the seed culture process，all the spores were adsorbed after only 5 h，biomass concentration was up to 6.8g/L after 24 h. Under optimized conditions using three matrices at 33 ℃ and 180 r/min with volume ratio of 20% by adding CaCO3 in time，L-lactic acid was obtained after 48 h fermentation with concentration of 50.00 g/L in 65.0% yield and the productivity was 1.0 g/(L·h). Compared with cell-free fermentation，the concentration of L-lactic acid，the yield and the productivity increased by 79%，250% and 150%，respectively，and the fermentation period decreased by 24 h. The process of immobilized fermentation showed good stability in seven repeated batches.

Response surface methodology（RSM）was used to optimize the process of homogenized extraction of five main phenol glycosides and aglycones（target products）from the root of Acanthopanax senticosus（Rupr. Et Maxim.）Harms. According to Box-Behnken experiment design，four independent variables were selected，i.e. ethanol volume fraction，extracting time，homogenization power and liquid to solid ratio，to investigate the influence on extraction efficiency. Meanwhile，extraction rate and the purity of three target products were chosen as responses. The optimal parameters were obtained as：extraction time of 4.04min，ethanol volume fraction of 59.66%，homogenization velocity of 11 999.6 r/min，liquid to solid ratio of 7.96∶1 mL/g and 3 times. Under the optimized condition，the extraction rate and purity of three target products were found as 0.001 6% and 0.052% for syringin，0.018% and 0.68% for isofraxidin，0.035% and 1.10% for eleutheroside E，respectively.

Alkali-soluble resin was synthesized based on epoxy acrylate resin modified with acid anhydride for the introduction of carboxyl groups. Effects of temperature and type of anhydride on reaction conversion were investigated，and the structure of product was characterized by IR. Through L9 orthogonal experiment and the corelation study of photoinitiator with light curing time，the formulation of light-cured solder resist ink was optimized. The ink properties were tested and compared with related Japanese product.

Research status for the recycling and regeneration of spent Li-ion batteries are introduced，and the recovery methods are reviewed，including calcinations，direct recovery and hydrometallurgy. Techniqes for recycling and re-synthesis of LiCoO2 positive electrode materials from spent Li-ion batteries are systematically summarized. Merits and demerits in each preparation process are discussed，and the existing problems and prospects for the recovery of spent Li-ion batteries are proposed.

Radiation is a new technology for environmental pollution treatment，which plays an important role in reclamation of solid waste. Characteristics and application of radiation for solid waste treatment are summaried，including not only the disinfection of medical waste，port garbage，sewage sludge，but also the recycling of macromolecular solid waste，such as waste rubber，waste plastics，and so on.

Biodenitrification is an effective way to deal with the nitrogen pollution of water bodies. In this paper，an aerobic denitrifier H1 was cultured by using (NH4)2SO4 as the nitrogen source and sodium citrate as the carbon source. After 4d of aerobic denitrification，NH4+-N removal rate reached to 76.92% and COD removal rate reached to 84.29%，indicating that H1 was a heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrifier. When NH4+-N and NO3－-N existed as the nitrogen source together，NH4+-N removal rate reached to higher than 80% after 2d，while NO3－-N removal was lagged apparently，indicating H1 took use of NH4+-N as the nitrogen source preferentially. When H1 was used to deal with domestic sewage，the rapid conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen was observed. The total nitrogen，NH4+-N and COD removal rate could all reach to higher than 90%，indicating that H1 possess great application prospect in the field of sewage treatment.

It is an effective way to reuse the refinery wastewater after advanced treatment to the circulating cooling water system in petroleum industry. However，corrosion and fouling are two unfavorable problems in practical application. In this paper，effects of flow velocity and temperature on corrosion and fouling in dynamic circulating cooling water system were investigated. Results showed that the change in flow velocity was only influential to the point corrosion in stainless steel test tube，the most serious point corrosion formed at flow velocity of 1.0 m/s，the weakest point corrosion was found at flow velocity of 0.5 m/s. While，the change in temperature was similarly only influential to the point corrosion in stainless steel test tube，the most serious point corrosion formed at the temperature of 30 ℃，the weakest point corrosion was found at the temperature of 20 ℃. Meanwhile，the fouling in stainless steel test tube showed a sharp increase when temperature increased. To control the fouling formation and to avoid the invalidation of scale inhibitors，the temperature in circulating cooling water system should be controlled no higher than 30 ℃.

Two different low density polyethylene（LDPE）resins produced by tublar process（2420M）and kettle-type process（1C7A）were studied and compared in properties，molecular weight，molecular distubtion and crystallization.It was found the lower long chain branch degree is the main reason causing poor performances of tubular LDPE.The kettle-type LDPE has a wide molecular distubtion，more content of long branch chain and less neck-in，it is superior to tubular LDPE for extrution coating.

The industrial application of LSH-02，a catalyst for lower temperature hydrogenation of sulfide tail gas，was described in an 80 kt/a sulfur device in Shengli Refinery of Qilu Petrochemical Company. The hydrogenation result was satisfactory when the reactor inlet temperature was as low as 220 ℃. Compared with other tail gas hydrogenation catalysts for sulfur recovery，the process operation temperature of LSH-02 catalyst could be reduced more than 60 ℃，thus the effect was obvious in saving energy and reducing consumption.