Abstract: Polyacrylonitrile-based preoxidized nanofiber mat was microwave carbonized in nitrogen atmosphere for preparing carbon nanofiber mat，then water steam was taken as activating agent for preparing the activated carbon nanofiber mat. The operation conditions were optimized through orthogonal experiment. Field emission-scanning electron microscope，infrared spectrometer，X-ray diffraction were employed to characterize the morphology and structure of the carbon nanofiber mat. Specific surface area，pore volume，pore size distribution and phenol adsorption value of the obtained carbon nanofiber mat were measured to evaluate the effects of the operation factors in the orthogonal experiment on the yield of activation and adsorption properties of activated carbon nanofiber mat. Results showed that activated carbon nanofiber mat with excellent adsorption properties could be prepared under the optimized operation conditions. The obtained carbon nanofiber mat showed mainly micropores with specific surface area of 1107.4 m2/g and phenol adsorption value of 428.1 mg/g.

摘要： 以聚丙烯腈基预氧化纳米纤维毡为原料，在氮气保护下微波碳化制备纳米碳纤维，并以水蒸气为活化剂，通过微波活化正交实验制备活性纳米碳纤维；纳米碳纤维的形态和结构变化通过场发射电镜、红外光谱仪、X衍射仪等仪器进行表征；通过对活性纳米碳纤维的比表面积、孔容、孔径分布、苯酚吸附值的测定，了解正交实验各因素对活性纳米碳纤维活化收率和吸附性能影响的强弱程度。研究结果表明：本研究实验条件下可制备出孔径分布以微孔为主，比表面积达1107.4 m2/g，苯酚吸附值达428.1 mg/g的活性纳米碳纤维。