The study of a low carbon and efficient carbon dioxide separation and capture technology has been the key to mitigate the greenhouse effect. Comparing the existing five carbon capture technologies, it can be found that the hydrate method and the membrane separation technology are more environmentally friendly and simpler to operate than chemical absorption, cryogenic separation and pressure swing adsorption. In order to further develop the more potential separation and capture carbon dioxide technology, in this paper, the separation mechanism and strengthening method of hydrate method are demonstrated taking the hydrate method as breakthrough point. By utilizing the technical advantages of the hydrate method and combining the structure of membrane separation, a more promising hydrate membrane separation technology is proposed. Then, according to the formation mode of the hydrate membrane, the hydrate membrane technology is divided into the first, second and third generations, and it is discussed in detail for the improvement of each generation of the hydrate membrane technology. Finally, it is pointed out that the third generation hydrate membrane separation technology should seek breakthroughs and innovations from the following three aspects: exploring suitable membrane carrier materials; finding suitable additives; and optimizing temperature, pressure and flow rate in hydration separation.

The sound speed in liquid phase and supercritical region is an essential thermodynamics property, and it is a necessary foundation for development of equation of state and the industrial applications of fluids. The dual-pulse-echo technique is the most important approach to implement time of flight method on accurate measurement of sound speed in high density fluids. The accurate measurement of time of flight is the precondition for the measurement of sound speed. The experimental apparatus for measurement of sound speed in high density fluids in liquid and supercritical region has been described. The Fourier transformation based digital band-pass filter was applied for eliminating the random noise in the sound burst and it significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the pulse-echo signals. The peak-to-peak measurement, Hilbert transition method and cross-correlation method for determination of the flight time of sound burst has been discussed and validated by comparison of the measurement of speed sound in liquid water. The result showed that the peak-to-peak measurement and Hilbert transition method were influenced by the digital patterns of the pulse-echo signal. The largest deviation between the measured sound speeds and the reference data was approximately 0.5%. The cross-correlation method showed higher accuracy for time of flight measurement. The difference between measured sound speed in liquid water and the theatrical calculation from the data of International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS-95) was less than 0.05%. This work provides technical support on accurate measurement of sound speed in high density fluids in liquid phase and supercritical region based on pulse-echo technique.

To solve the problem of high heat flux heat dissipation of electronic equipment, the sintered porous wicks surface was modified by H₂O₂. The influence of porous wick surface wettability on liquid absorption performance was studied. The super-hydrophilic porous wicks were applied to loop heat pipe. A series of experiments were performed to study the effects of various parameters including tilt angles and heating power. The experimental results showed that the absorption rate of the porous wick was increased after surface wettability treatment, and the super-hydrophilic porous wick suction time was reduced by 3.52ms. Compared with the conventional hydrophilic porous wick loop heat pipe, the evaporator central temperature of super-hydrophilic porous wick loop heat pipe was reduced by about 6.0℃ at 200W. The start-up time and temperature were reduced by 33s and 2.5℃ at Q=20W, respectively. At the same time, it was found that the super-hydrophilic porous wick loop heat pipe has lower operating temperature at the gravity situation, and the thermal resistance was 0.084℃/W.

Loop heat pipe(LHP) is a kind of flexible and efficient two-phase flow heat transfer device, which can achieve high heat transfer efficiency through phase change of working fluid and adsorption capability of porous wick. The multi-evaporator loop heat pipe(MeLHP) is based on such structure of LHP with parallel connection of multiple evaporators to achieve efficient heat collection and dissipation of multiple heat sources, which is suitable for the cooling of multi-array infrared detectors in space exploration technology. The test prototype adopted the structure of a multi-evaporator loop heat pipe with three evaporators. The pipelines were connected in parallel by gas coupling and arranged asymmetrically. The working temperature was set to be 170K while ethane was used as working fluid. Taking the experimental data of single evaporator loop heat pipe as reference, the experimental study of MeLHP’s operating characteristics was conducted under different heating power and heating methods. Then the effect of liquid charging ratio on MeLHP‘s performance was experimentally studied based on working characteristics of compensation chambers. Experiments showed that the MeLHP prototype had good heat sharing characteristics during the operating. Heat load was effectively shared among the evaporators, but the magnitude of heat sharing behaved differently in different heat transfer directions which depend on flow characteristics of each pipeline. It was shown that sharing from lower flow resistance loop to higher flow resistance loop was effective. Instead, when heat was shared to lower resistance loop, the performance of MeLHP would be worse. Such heat sharing made MeLHP prone to failure. Therefore, allocating more heat load in lower flow resistance loop was conducive to heat pipe operation. The heat transfer limit of MeLHP was the same as that of single evaporator loop heat pipe. It was also verified that only one compensation chamber worked when MeLHP was on operation. So the fluid charging ratio of MeLHP should be increased appropriately to obtain equivalent performance with single loop heat pipe. The research is helpful to grasp the operating rules of MeLHP and to promote the practical application of MeLHP.

Jet loop reactors (JLR) are widely used in industry, such as biochemical, chemical, refrigerant processes and environmental protection, due to their favorable heat and mass transfer and mixing characteristics. As one of the core components of the jet loop reactor, the structure size of the gas-liquid ejector has significant influence on mass transfer characteristics and application environment of the jet loop reactor. For the purpose of exploring the effect of structure size on the ejector performance, a bench-scale gas-liquid ejector was designed according to its working principle, and its performance was tested by a cold model experiment. The results showed that the gas entrainment capacity of the ejector depends on the cross-section ratio of its mixing throat and nozzle outlet (f₃/f₁), as well as the pressure drop at the inlet and outlet pressure of the ejector (Δp_p/Δp_c), while the gas holdup of the loop reactor is only related to the liquid flow rate and the gas entrainment rate. Under the same liquid flow conditions, the maximum gas entrainment rate of the ejector increases with the rise of the section ratio f₃/f₁, and the average gas holdup in the reactor increases accordingly. The shear effect between the two fluids can be enhanced through increasing the velocity difference between the liquid jet and the ejector gas, which can also make the bubbles more susceptible to breakage. The study also found that the mixed fluid in the reactor can reach the emulsifying state in the case of the gas-liquid ratio of the ejector is greater than 2.6.

Based on the original research, the characteristics of CO₂ transcritical heat pump system were reanalyzed combined with the actual system. How regenerative temperature, outlet temperature of gas cooler and operating pressure affect system performance was analyzed by parameter calculation. Methods to improve the efficiency of CO₂ heat pump operation were proposed. The analysis results showed that intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) is not always effective, but related to outlet temperature of gas cooler. When the temperature is lower than a certain critical value, IHX will reduce system operating efficiency COP_h. When the temperature is higher than the critical value, it will help to increase COP_h. There existed an optimum pressure corresponding to the outlet temperature of gas cooler, but the actual compressor’s tolerable pressure is limited, resulting in the system not operating under the optimum pressure at some outlet temperatures of gas cooler. Meanwhile, under different exhaust pressures, there existed the maximum limit values of outlet temperature of gas cooler, otherwise, the COP_h is unreasonable and unacceptable. The outlet water temperature and the outlet temperature of gas cooler affect the choice of exhaust pressure together.

The heat transfer performance for a copper plate installed with single-phase natural circulation loop (SPNCL) was experimentally and numerically studied. Firstly, the heat transfer experiments between hot and cold air steams flow counter-currently in a rectangular channel separated by a copper plate installed with SPNCLs and a smooth copper plate were conducted, respectively. The results showed that, at the same power consumption, the heat transfer rate of the copper plate with SPNCLs is about 1.1—1.3 times as large as that of the smooth copper plate. In addition, the numerical simulations were performed for a comparison between the heat transfer rates of the SPNCL and the copper fin with the same shape and size. The effects of size, inclination angle and temperature difference between hot and cold air on the heat transfer rate were investigated in detail. The results showed that the heat transfer rate of the SPNCL can only be larger than that of the copper fin while the temperature difference is over an equivalent temperature difference. With the decrease of size and the increase of the inclination angle, the equivalent temperature difference between the SPNCL and the copper fin increases.

There are some small shifts in the actual chemical production process, which may be resulted by crucial process failure or cause serious problems later on. In the initial stage of this small shift, the process deviation from the normal working conditions is negligible with the appearance of data noise, and it is hard to capture by traditional process monitoring methods. In this work, a process monitoring method based on partial least squares-principal component analysis(PLS-PCA) was proposed. First, the correlation among variables was extracted by PLS method regression. By obtaining the error between the measured value and the predicted value of measurements, the process deviation between the operating state and the pre-set state was amplified. Based on this deviation, the PCA-based process monitoring model was established to realize the early identification of the small shift. A pre-reforming reactor of hydrogen production unit was investigated. The results showed that the small shift, the sulfur content in the diluted steam exceeded the normal level which resulted in catalyst poisoning, could be found at least 13h earlier than human operator and 8h earlier than the traditional PCA-based process monitoring model which could significantly reduce the loss of industrial production.

The volume of fluid (VOF) model was used to simulate the flow field in the sinusoidal corrugated baffle settler. The average flow field for the corrugated baffle and flat baffle were compared. The time evolution characteristics of axial velocity uniformity (λ₁) were analyzed, and the spatial distribution characteristics of λ₁ and area weighted average turbulence intensity (I_a) in the baffle settler were explored. Flow field uniform & steady criteria (USC)wasintroduced. The impact of distanc (L_b/D) on USC was studied. The results showed that corrugated baffle can reduce back mixing effectively. Within 0.84＜L_b/D＜2.17, the λ₁ in the corrugated plate settler was higher than that of the plane baffle. With the decrease of L_b/D, the λ₁ of the flat baffle settler was unchanged, but the λ₁ of the corrugated baffle settler decreased without any obvious influence on I_a. Compared with the flat baffle, the corrugated baffle can effectively reduce the gradient of velocity, reduce the back mixing area and improve the stability of the flow field. When L_b/D=2.17, USC of corrugated plate settler reached 14.68, which was 93.67% higher than that of the flat baffle.

The experimental setup of jet breakup and atomization was established. It was visualized to study the effects of different gas-liquid dimensionless parameters on the characteristics of the breakup modes and the jet penetration trajectory under the action of low-speed air crossflow. Experimental results showed that, two breakup modes of liquid jets injected into low-speed air crossflow were attained, including column breakup and bag breakup, among which column breakup can be divided into bump breakup and arcade breakup. According to the experimental regimes map based on the q and We_j of breakup processes, the q and the We_j together determined the jet breakup mode under low-speed air crossflow conditions. The transition boundary curve between different breakup modes were found. In addition, the logarithmic formula of jet penetration trajectory curve based on dimensionless parameters such as liquid-gas momentum flux ratio q, liquid We_j, liquid Re_j, can well predict the liquid jet penetration trajectory under the action of low-speed air crossflow, and the flux-momentum ratio q is the main dimensionless parameter that affects jet penetration trajectory.

The high content of alkali metal potassium in biomass and its release into furnace during combustion and pyrolysis may cause problems such as ash accumulation, slagging, corrosion, etc, affecting the safe and economic operation of the boiler. By comparing and analyzing literatures, the paper introduces the content and form of potassium in biomass, the quantitative detection methods of alkali metal, and the release mechanism of potassium under different conditions in pyrolysis and combustion. The effects of fuel composition, particle size, reaction temperature, heating rate, reactor type and other factors on the release of potassium are also discussed. The occurrence forms of potassium in biomass fuels include organic potassium, inorganic potassium and potassium-containing minerals. The primary products released by the decomposition of organic potassium will eventually be released in other forms or left in the ash through secondary reactions of different paths. The final release form of potassiumis closely related to the secondary reaction that occurs during the release process, including KCl, K₂SO₄, KOH and potassium-containing minerals.

Thermo-chemical conversion of biomass, one of the most promising ways for highly value utilization of biomass, has the advantages of fast reaction and high conversion efficiency. To improve the yield of the target product, catalysts are widely used. In recent years, biochar is used in thermo-chemical conversion of biomass for its heat stability and catalytic effectiveness, which is closely related to its well-developed pore structure and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. In this review, the characteristics of biochar are introduced briefly. References on the use of biochar as catalyst or catalyst support for thermo-chemical conversion of biomass to high-quality bio-oil, gaseous fuel and catalytic tar removal are comprehensively reviewed. The influential parameters as well as the different mechanisms of in-situ and ex-situ catalysis for the corresponding process are summarized. In addition, the action and deactivation of biochar active sites are discussed. What’s more, the relation between biochar and metal is discussed. At last, it is pointed out that the mechanism of thermo-chemical conversion of biochar catalyzed biomass should be further deepened. In order to reach the high production selectivity, stability, and cost-effectiveness of biomass thermo-chemical conversion, the modification of biochar structure and active sites can be applied.

In recent years, chemical adsorption heat storage technology has been widely concerned in solar energy utilization and low and medium temperature waste heat storage utilization. Compared with the traditional sensible heat storage and phase change heat storage technologies, it has the advantages of high heat storage density, small heat storage loss and storing both heat and cold. However, the decreases of adsorption performance and cyclic stability, which are caused by mass heat transfer and hydrolysis problems of chemically adsorbed heat storage materials, affect the industrialization process. In this paper, the method of encapsulating the chemical adsorption material with the mineral-based porous structure material is reviewed. The characteristics of different mineral-based chemical adsorption heat storage materials such as graphite, vermiculite and their recent applications in the chemical adsorption system are summarized. The mass transfer and heat transfer performance, enthalpy of chemical adsorption and other properties of the two systems (inorganic salt-water system and chlorine-ammonia system) of the mineral-based chemical adsorption materials are introduced, and the future development trends of the mineral-based chemical adsorption heat storage technology are further pointed out. The development of new types of mineral-based composites and the optimization of chemisorption system are the hot topics in the future.

In this experiment, 1-vinyl-3-butylimidazole brominated ionic liquid ([VBIM]Br) and β-cyclodextrin was used to remove naphthalene in the solvent oil. The effects of different single factor conditions on the removal rate of naphthalene in solvent oil under the joint action of [VBIM]Br ionic liquid and β-cyclodextrin were investigated, and the removal process conditions were optimized by response surface analysis. The experimental results showed that: the removal rate of naphthalene by [VBIM]Br ionic liquid combined with β-cyclodextrin was improved by more than 10% compared with that of [VBIM]Br ionic liquid used alone, and the extraction rate reached 90%. The removal rate of simply-recovered ionic liquid was reduced to 80% after 5 repetitions. The removal mechanism of naphthalene was analyzed by infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy. In coordination with [VBIM]Br ionic liquid, β-cyclodextrin encapsulated naphthaleneis, and achieved the removal of naphthalene from solvent oil.

With the scale booming in recent years, the sustainable development of China’s advanced coal chemical industry (ACCI) has faced many challenges such as high resource depletion and serious pollution simultaneously. This study establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system for sustainable development of China’s ACCI based on four aspects: environment, economy, society and technology. Using the weight model combining entropy weight method (EWM) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the sustainability performances in four aspects and comprehensive sustainable development indexes for the nine technology routes of ACCI (namely direct coal liquefaction, indirect coal liquefaction, methanol to gasoline, low-temperature coal tar hydrogenation, coal to methanol fuel, coal to synthetic natural gas, coal to olefin, coal to arene and coal to glycol) are quantified to provide decision support for the scientific development of the industry. The results show that the environmental, economic, social and technological sustainability performance of each technology route varies significantly. Indirect coal liquefaction has the best comprehensive sustainability performance, followed by low-temperature coal tar hydrogenation, direct coal liquefaction and coal to synthetic natural gas. However, the comprehensive sustainability performances of methanol to gasoline and coal to arene are poor. In addition to the areas rich in coal resources, laying out projects in the areas with abundant water resources and large environmental capacity could support the sustainable development of ACCI in theory as well. Finally, implications are put forward to offer a valuable reference for preparing sustainable development strategies, scientific layout and rational planning of ACCI.

Based on the experimental data of vacuum gas oil hydrodesulfurization (VGO HDS) , the reactions of the sulfides in raw material were divided into three lumps: fast reaction rate lump, medium reaction rate lump and slow reaction rate lump. The three lumped kinetic models of VGO HDS reactions were then established, and the model parameters were estimated by the Levenberg-Marguardt algorithm. The results showed that the average relative error of the model was only 5.18%. The predicted value of the model was reliable and the extrapolation was good. The model parameters were in accordance with the law of hydrogenation reaction. The effects of liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV), reaction temperature (T) and reaction pressure (P) on VGO HDS process were analyzed by model calculation. Detailed reaction rules of HDS were obtained, which can provide reference for the lumped kinetics and experimental study of VGO HDS reactions.

In order to clarify the variation of the induction time for carbon dioxide hydrate under intermittent flow conditions, experiments on the formation of CO₂ hydrate under air mass flow and slug flow system were carried out in the high-pressure visible hydrate loop. The results showed that the induction time decreased as the flow rate increased under the air mass flow. However, the induction time increased as the flow rate increased under the slug flow. The reason for this phenomenon was that the gas-liquid contact area was the main factor restricting hydrate nucleation in air mass flow, while in slug flow, the main factor had become the decrease of nucleation driving force caused by the decrease of temperature drop rate. Meanwhile, the prediction model of the influence of flow pattern on induction time was established with the intermittent flow parameter model and the gas hydrate induction time model, the calculated value of which was in good agreement with the experimental data , and the relative error was less than 10%.

The Ni-CeO₂-K/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst used for biogas reforming reaction was prepared by the ultrasonic assisted incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalyst was characterized by BET, XRD and TG/DTG techniques. In addition, the effects of reaction temperature, space velocity, composition on the raw gas to biogas mixed reforming reaction were studied in a micro fixed-bed reactor. The results showed that the addition of CeO₂ increased the dispersion of Ni in the catalyst, and decreased the reduction temperature. The conversion of CH₄ and CO₂ in biogas could be improved by increasing the reaction temperature and reducing the gas space velocity. The addition of water vapor to the raw gas could significantly increase H₂/CO so that the added O₂ reacted easily with H₂ and CO, and the CH₄ conversion rate was slightly improved. The CH₄ conversion was over 95%, the CO₂ conversion was more than 75%, and the ratio of H₂/CO of the generated syngas was about 1.6 in conditions of normal pressure, reaction temperature of 850℃, volume space velocity of 100000h^-1, and CH₄∶CO₂∶H₂O∶O₂∶Ar=1∶0.5∶0.5∶0.1∶0.01. There was no obvious carbon deposition on the catalyst after continuous reaction over 48h, and the activity remained stable. Compared with the dry reforming of methane, the mixed-reforming of biogas is not conducive to the transformation of CO₂.

The V₂O₅-TiO₂ (VTi) and V₂O₅/WO₃-TiO₂ (VWTi) catalysts with 0.5% V₂O₅ were prepared by the impregnation method. The obtained catalysts were then treated under airflow with 10% H₂O (g) at 750℃ for 24h to form the hydrothermal aged catalysts (named as VTi-A and VWTi-A). The effects of hydrothermal aging and tungsten doping on the denitration efficiency were studied, and the structure and surface properties of the catalysts were analyzed by means of XRD、TEM、NH₃-TPD、H₂-TPR、XPS and Raman, etc. As a result, two types of the active species, the polymeric VO_x species and low valence vanadium species (V⁴⁺+V³⁺), were greatly produced under the synergistic effects of hydrothermal aging and tungsten doping. The oxygen species contained in these two active species have strong SCR reactivity, which can enhance the high temperature SCR performance of the VWTi catalyst， even when the number of acidic sites is reduced. This explains why the catalyst with low vanadium content can meet the high temperature de-NO_x demand of gas boiler.

The researches on low temperature denitrification catalysts in China are mainly focused on laboratory scale test. On the other hand, the researches on the denitrification activity and poisoning mechanism of non-vanadium low-temperature NH₃-SCR (selective catalytic reduction) honeycomb catalyst under coal-fired flue gas conditions were insufficient, and the experiments with simulated flue gas cannot fully reflect the performance of the catalyst under real flue gas. A self-designed low-temperature NH₃-SCR device was used in the pilot test at a thermal power plant in Shihezi. The optimal process conditions of the catalyst under actual flue gas were obtained, and the influence mechanism of complex components on the catalyst was analyzed in-depth. The results showed that the catalyst had the best denitration efficiency when the SO₂ concentration was below 35mg/m³, the space velocity was about 4200h^-1, the flue gas temperature was about 100℃ and the ammonia nitrogen ratio was about 1.2. High concentration of SO₂ will promote the formation of sulfates and the sulfation of the active components in the catalyst. The low-temperature denitration process and catalyst have broad industrial application prospects because the process is easy to modify and the low-temperature denitration catalyst is environment-friendly and shows excellent denitration performance and sulfur resistance.

By using absorption and desorption characteristics, humidity control material based passive dehumidification can adjust indoor humidity without any mechanical equipment and energy consumption, which has good energy saving and ecological effects. Development of high-efficiency humidity control materials guarantees the effective implementation of this technology. Single humidity control material fails to meet the requirements of large moisture absorption capacity as well as high absorption and desorption rate, while composites can greatly overcome this problem. Fabrication of composite humidity control materials is one of the research hotspots in the fields of building energy saving and material science. In this paper, composite humidity control materials were divided into four categories: inorganic-inorganic, inorganic-organic, inorganic-biomass and organic-biomass. Characteristics of the above classifications are systematically summed up. Contents such as synthesis process of composite humidity control materials, humidity control performance like moisture holding capacity and absorption & desorption rate, and related research in buildings were summarized. In addition, based on the existing literature, key problems that need to be solved in the future research were sorted out. It is believed that the paper could provide some valuable references for the promotion of passive dehumidification technology based on humidity control materials.

A waterborne polyurethane-acrylate emulsion (WPUA) prepolymer was synthesized using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polycaprolactone diol (PCL) and methyl methacrylate as main raw materials. The graphene oxide was intercalated with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide to mechanically blend the modified product with the prepolymer, and the carboxylic acid type hydrophilic chain extender and the sulfonic acid type hydrophilic group were simultaneously introduced. The self-emulsification method was used to synthesize solvent-free, zero VOC-modified waterborne polyurethane-acrylate composite emulsion (DTGO/WPUA), and then the amount of modified graphene oxide (DTGO) was studied, and the composite emulsion and film were tested and characterized. The results indicated that the DTGO composite modified waterborne polyurethane coatings showed good mechanical properties and heat resistance. When the amount of DTGO was 0.8%, the tensile strength of the composite film was increased to 48.5MPa compared to the unmodified waterborne polyurethane film, and the thermal decomposition temperature was increased by 21℃.

In the process of acidification, acid solution has different treatment effects on strata with different permeability. In order to improve the recovery rate of low permeability strata, the acid retarder with low viscosity and adsorption was obtained by free radical aqueous solution polymerization of four kinds of monomers, AM, FLZ-1, dmdaac-18 and SSS. The best synthetic conditions were determined by single factor method. The structure of the product was characterized by Fourier infrared spectrometer, NMR spectrometer. The results were in agreement with the designed structure. By investigating acidification retarding agent added amount of retarded acid, the results showed that when the dosage and mass fraction of retarder was 0.7%, the slow effect is better and had lower apparent viscosity (below 10mPa·s), which was beneficial to the injection and backflow of acid. The compatibility of retarding agent and other acid additives was evaluated at 75℃. The results showed good compatibility, and the various additives did not affect each use efficiency. And the results of gas drainage, XPS and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the retarder adsorbed on the rock surface during the acid rock reaction.

Fluorescent cellulose nanocrystals (F-CNC) with high fluorescence and high quantum yield were prepared via one-pot reaction under mechanochemical action. During the reaction, bamboo pulp was used as the raw material, phosphotungstic acid and citric acid as the composite catalyst to graft cysteine to the surface of the degraded cellulose. The effects of cysteine solution concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature on the yield and the fluorescence intensity of F-CNC were analyzed. The optical properties, morphology, chemical structure, crystal structure and thermal stability of F-CNC were studied by using UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), fluorescence spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA), respectively. The results indicated that the diameters of the obtained F-CNC ranged from 20nm to 40nm and the lengths were from 150nm to 300nm. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of F-CNC reached the highest, the yield and fluorescence quantum yield of F-CNC were 56.8% and 34.24% respectively and the fluorescence lifetime was 3.44ns, when the cysteine solution was 1mol/L, the reaction dry time was 8h, and the reaction temperature was 140℃.This work provided a simple and environmentally benign approach to prepare F-CNC, which has good dispersibility in water and a great potential in anti-counterfeiting and biosensors.

An elemental silver (Ag) doped Ti/PbO₂ electrode (Ti/Ag-PbO₂) was prepared by chemical reduction and electrodeposition. Three titanium-based lead dioxide electrodes with different Ag contents (Ti/Ag1-PbO₂、Ti/Ag2-PbO₂、Ti/Ag3-PbO₂) were prepared by changing the duration of silver plating while maintaining a constant silver plating concentration. The valence state and doping amounts of Ag in the PbO₂ electrode were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the Ag doping did not significantly change the surface morphology and crystal form of the electrode. According to the coating adhesion test, the silver-doped PbO₂ electrode showed stronger bonding force with the substrate, and the electrode life was improved by about 2.5 times. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests showed that the doping of Ag significantly reduced the charge transfer resistance of the PbO₂ electrode and improved the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode. The Ti/PbO₂ electrode doped with 2.7% silver was used to degrade 100mg/L phenol aqueous solution. Compared with the conventional Ti/PbO₂ electrode, the complete degradation time was shortened by 33.3%, and the degradation energy consumption decreased by 34%.

In order to improve the conductivity, heat conduction and self-repairing properties of composites, ferroferric oxide (Fe₃O₄) was modified on graphene by chemical deposition on the basis of traditional blending method to obtain magnetic graphene. The magnetic graphene/polyurethane flexible composites were prepared by blending with polyurethane, carbon nanotubes and magnetic grapheme, and controlling the arrangement of graphene sheets by magnetic field interference. Microstructure and molecular structure of flexible composites were characterized by SEM, Raman and FTIR. And the effects of magnetic field regulation on the electrical, thermal, mechanical and repair properties of composites were analyzed by laser thermal conductivity meter, four-probe resistivity meter and universal testing machine. The results showed that the graphene sheets in flexible composites were arranged regularly under magnetic field with distinct layers and clear contours. Compare with that without magnetic field, its thermal diffusivity increased by 10%～12%, and was stable at high temperature. The repair time of defect decreased by 50%. Contrast defect found before and after repair of composite materials, the surface resistivity and tensile strength were differ by 0.006Ω·cm and 2.4MPa, respectively, and the variation was 3～4 times in the absence of magnetic field.

The phase change of microcapsules was prepared by in-situ polymerization using 32℃ phase change wax as the core material and melamine-formaldehyde resin as the wall material. The modified nano-SiO₂ was used to form a hybrid layer on the surface of paraffin emulsion to improve the performance of microcapsules. The organic modification effect of KH-570 on nano-SiO₂ was investigated by contact Angle tester. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray energy spectrometer(EDS) were used to analyze the surface morphology of microcapsules and the chemical elements on the surface of shells. The thermal properties of phase change of microcapsules were measured by DSC. The results showed that KH-570 had a significant effect on the organic modification of nano-SiO₂ particles. When the addition amounts of modified SiO₂ reached 3%, the microcapsule surface was smooth and spherical, and the modified SiO₂ particles were dispersed evenly on the capsule surface. The formation of SiO₂ hybrid layer can effectively improve the thermal stability of microcapsules. The phase transition enthalpy of microcapsules was 135.1J/g, the phase transition process lagged behind, and the permeability of microcapsule core materials in organic solvents decreased from 66.1% to 45.8%. After 1000 thermal cycles, the mass and phase transition enthalpy loss rates were only 7% and 24.4%, respectively.

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane plays pivotal roles in GTR treatment. In current study, polycaprolactone (PCL), gelatin (Gel) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) were selected as raw materials to prepare PCL/Gel/n-HA fibrous GTR membranes reinforced with different n-HA content by electrospinning technique. The effects of n-HA content on the morphology, mechanical strength, hydrophilicity and in vitro degradation rate of the three fibrous membranes were investigated. The results showed that the fibrous membranes owned good fibrous structure, and the fiber diameter was mainly distributed between 200～400nm. The diameter of the fibers increased significantly after crosslinking. With the increase of n-HA content, the aggregation of n-HA particles in the fibers and on the surface of fibers could be observed. The mechanical test showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of the fibrous membranes increased with the n-HA content. The highest tensile strength and elongation of the PCL/Gel/n-HA membrane were 9.18MPa and 180%, respectively, when the weight percentage of n-HA was 15%. In addition, the incorporation of n-HA reduced the degradation rates of the fabricated fibrous membranes. The excellent mechanical properties and proper degradation rate of the prepared PCL/Gel/n-HA fibrous GTR membrane can meet the needs of clinical requirements.

As the synthetic quinolone antibacterial residues in the animal-derived foods and accumulation in the environment become more and more serious, it is urgent to develop rapid and sensitive monitoring methods to reduce their safety and health risks. This paper introduces the preparation methods of quinolone imprinted biomimetic antibodies, including bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, in-situ polymerization, precipitation polymerization and surface molecular imprinting, and summarizes its applications in the surveillance of meat, eggs, milk, soil, water and biological samples as the solid-phase adsorbent and the recognition component for sensing detection. Combining with the latest research progress in the preparation process and application of molecular imprinting technology, this paper discusses some problems in preparation and recognition of biomimetic antibodies, such as low imprinting capacity and effect, incomplete research on recognition mode and mass transfer mechanism and so on. Furthermore, we put forward the corresponding solutions of optimizing and synthesizing new functional monomers, constructing and developing high-performance recognition patterns and preparation methods and so on. This will provide the reference idea and technical approach for development and application of novel biomimetic imprinted antibodies.

Creatininase is one of the key enzymes used to evaluate glomerular filtration function. At present, the domestic creatininase production cannot meet the market demand, and it is mostly dependent on import. To solve this problem, our study employed the prokaryotic expression vector pMA5 to achieve the initial expression of creatininase from Pseudomonas putida in Bacillus subtilis 1A751. Subsequently, the promoter optimization successfully increased the creatininase expression level to 1.08 mg/mL, and the extracellular specific enzyme activity was improved to 238 U/mg. Meanwhile, we found that the creatininase without any signal peptides could be secreted into the extracellular medium directly, so the potential secretion mechanism of creatininase in B. subtilis was investigated. The classical secretion pathway and Holin pathway were excluded by experiments, while the membrane damage of strain 1AGC was detected by the Calcein-AM/PI double staining assay. Also, the scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the potential leakage sites were present on the surface of the expressing bacteria. Therefore, we speculated that the creatininase was secreted into extracellular medium by cell leakage in B. subtilis. Overall, our study constructed a strain with high-level creatininase extracellular production based on cell leakage strategy, which provided the theoretical basis for the expression and potential industrial application of creatininase. Moreover, it could help us in establishing a leakage-based expression system in B. subtilis.

Two types of polyethylene polyamine bridged hindered phenolic antioxidants with different number of para-bridged group were synthesized by amidation condensation reaction using β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl chloride as antioxidant groups and diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine as bridged groups, respectively. The structures of polyethylene polyamine bridged hindered phenolic antioxidants had been characterized by FTIR and ¹H NMR. The antioxidant properties of polyethylene polyamine bridged hindered phenolic antioxidants were evaluated by the DPPH method, and the relationships between the free radical scavenging properties and the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups or the structure of the para-bridged groups were studied. The results showed that polyethylene polyamine bridged hindered phenolic antioxidants had a good scavenging ability on DPPH radical. As the number of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in hindered phenolic antioxidant increased, the activity of scavenging DPPH· increased. The AE value of triethylenetetramine bridged hindered phenolic antioxidant containing four phenolic hydroxyl groups was 2.65×10^-2L·mol^-1·s^-1. The para-bridged group played an important role in the scavenging DPPH· activity for hindered phenolic antioxidants. The hindered phenolic antioxidant 1010 with pentaerythritol as the bridging group had the strongest ability in scavenging DPPH·, and the AE value was 3.08×10^-2L·mol^-1·s^-1. The 1.0G dendritic antioxidants using ethylenediamine as the nuclear have the weakest DPPH· scavenging ability, and the AE value was 2.60×10^-2L·mol^-1·s^-1.

The oily sludge was treated by thermochemical-washing. Through screening and compounding of more than ten types of chemical hot washing agents, the deoiling effect of different chemical formulations on oily sludge was investigated, and the main technological conditions of chemical hot washing were studied and optimized. The results showed that sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) had the best degreasing effect in single agent hot washing, and the degreasing rate was up to 45.3%. The combination of anion-nonion-alkaline salt, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)+nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP-10)+Na₂SiO₃, had the best oil removal efficiency in hot washing, and the oil removal efficiency was up to 62.1%. The influence degree of various operating conditions on the oil removal rate of thermal washing was as follows: temperature＞agent concentration＞thermal washing time＞stirring rate＞sludge-water ratio. The optimum operating condition was: washing temperature 80℃, agent concentration 3g/L, sludge-water ratio 1∶4, thermal washing time 50min, and stirring speed 200r/min. Under the optimum conditions, oil removal rate could reach 85.4%.

PCDD/Fs formed in the incineration of municipal solid waste are highly toxic and can cause persistent environmental pollution. Efficient source reduction technologies for PCDD/Fs pollution control have been explored to protect human health. The paper reviewed the research progresses in developing inhibitors on de novo formation of PCDD/Fs in recent years. The inhibitory effects and suppressing mechanisms of the inhibitors widely used in laboratory tests were summarized, including sulfur-containing inhibitors, nitrogen-containing inhibitors, OH-containing inhibitors and complex inhibitors. The research and developing ideas were discussed and new potential pathways were proposed based on the formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs, which is to prevent carbon source or oxygen from synthesis from de novo synthesis in addition to limiting chlorine source and the activity of the catalyst. The possible directions for new highly efficient inhibitors and their pilot verification were discussed, which provides the scientific basis for the source reduction and pollution control of PCDD/Fs. The industrial application of inhibitors is still in trial stage and unstable inhibitory effects have been reported in a few tests in full-scale incineration plants. Further studies and tests in pilot and full-scale incinerators are required to verify the inhibitory effects of the inhibitors and their influencing factors in the future.

Pillared clay (PILC) has been widely used in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology due to its controllable two-dimensional layered porous properties. In this paper, the recent research results on the structural characteristics, chemical properties, interlayer doped active materials and denitration efficiencies of PILC and modified PILC were summarized. The analysis results show that modified PILC with the addition of different active materials has higher specific surface area, larger interlayer distance and good thermal stability. The surface activity and catalytic activity of the catalyst are significantly improved, and so is the NO_x removal efficiency. In addition, the research progress of the adsorption mechanism of the modified PILC based on density functional theory (DFT) is also introduced. It can be seen that the in-depth study of the modification of PILC is of great significance for the design and transformation of high-efficiency SCR denitration catalysts. The introduction of DFT provides a new theoretical tool for the modification of PILC.

Microplastics which defined as one of the class of plastic particles with a diameter less than 5 mm are widely existed in the environment. They are easy to absorb other pollutants and affect their migration behavior, thus cause a series of potential harm to the ecological environment when microplastics exist in the aquatic environment. In this paper, the environmental influence behavior of microplastics in water was summarized based on the related research reports of microplastics. The changes of physical, chemical and biological characteristics of microplastics were discussed in this paper, as well as the interaction behavior between microplastics and other pollutants in the environment. The ecological effect of microplastics and the combined pollution system on aquatic organisms were also summarized. Finally, based on the environment impact of microplastics in the aquatic ecosystem, the direction and expectation of the research of microplastics in the water environment were proposed.

The production of excess sludge in China is large, and it is extremely urgent to realize stabilization, harmlessness and resource of it. Anaerobic digestion technology can recover energy while reducing sludge pollution to the environment, and is currently the most popular sludge treatment technology in the world. Firstly, the differences between the application status of anaerobic digestion technology and conversion efficiency of excess sludge in China and abroad were summarized. That is, the anaerobic conversion efficiency of excess sludge in China is between 20% and 50%, which is significantly lower than that of developed countries (50%—70%). This is the main reason why the application of anaerobic digestion of excess sludge in China is lower than that of developed countries. Secondly, from the perspective of sludge characteristics, the main difference factors that lead to the lower anaerobic conversion efficiency of excess sludge in China than developed countries were summarized. That is, the content of grits (50%—65%) is higher than that of developed countries (25%—30%), the content of metal ions such as Ca²⁺, Fe³⁺, Al³⁺ and Mg²⁺ is higher than that of developed countries, and sludge age (10—30d) is significantly longer than that of developed countries (5—10d). Finally, the influencing mechanism of three typical differential factors of grits, metal irons and sludge age on the anaerobic digestion performance were summarized. The systematic understanding of the main influencing factors on anaerobic conversion of excess sludge in China helps to clarify the bottleneck of anaerobic conversion of excess sludge in China. The in-depth analysis of the influencing mechanism can help to propose targeted strengthening measures, and then provide useful reference and inspiration for the extensive promotion and application of anaerobic digestion technology of excess sludge in China.

Persistent free radicals (PFRs) have attracted increasing attention due to their persistent reactivity and potential toxicity. PFRs can be produced from biochar preparation by high-temperature pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization, which can be transformed to form reactive oxygen species and promote the transformation and degradation of environmental pollutants, but it creates potential environmental health risks as well. This review summarized the recent research progress of PFRs in biochar, formation mechanisms of PFRs during biochar preparation. The application studies of organic pollutants degradation by reactive oxygen species(ROS), the light induced oxidation of organic pollutants, and oxidation-reduction of heavy metals mediated by PFRs in biochar were also reviewed. And the toxicity of PFRs in biochar was preliminarily discussed. Finally, the future research directions with respect to PFRs in biochar were suggested. The aim of this work were to provide direction and evidence for the environmental applications of PFRs in biochar.

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are known as a new type of emerging environmental contaminants. They have received broad research attentions due to their wide distribution in environment and high potential of environmental toxic effects. Although these very stable EPFRs have been identified in both natural soil and the soil contaminated with organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pentachlorophenol. The formation mechanisms, stability and influence factors of EPFRs under these two environmental conditions are quite different. In this paper, the formation and distribution of EPFRs in nature soil components (such as humic substances and organo-mineral complexes) were reviewed and the reasons why the organic compounds of degradation process could promote the formation, stability, migration, transformation of EPFRs , the environmental factors (including soil organic matter, transition metals, oxygen, humidity, and temperature) could influence on EPFRs generation were also summarized . In general, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding on EPFRs formation mechanisms and stability in soil, and provide a basic foundation on EPFRs in soil environment.

The behavior and environmental effects of nitrogen and sulfur in sludge biochar on the global climate change is of significance due to their high contents in biochar. However, in previous studies, the behavior and environmental effects of carbon in the carbon-rich biochar was the main focus for the study of the effects on global climate change, resulting in insuffcient concern on nitrogen and sulfur in sludge biochar. In this paper, behavior and environmental effects of nitrogen and sulfur in the whole life cycle of sludge biochar was reviewed, from original sludge to pyrolysis process and aging of sludge biochar. In addition, the prospect of the future study directions were suggested. This review provides a theoretical basis for the fixation and release of nitrogen and sulfur elements in sludge biochar, as well as the related environmental effects and greenhouse gas emission control. Analysis showed that the content of nitrogen in sludge was generally higher than that of sulfur, and nitrogen was more easily transferred to gas products than sulfur in pyrolysis process. With the increase of temperature, the distribution of nitrogen and sulfur in the three-phase products follows the law: continuing to decrease in biochar, increasing first and then decrease in oil, and increasing all the time in gas. At the high temperature (＞800℃), nitrogen content in the gas was higher than that in biochar, while sulfur still existed mainly in biochar. The greenhouse effect of nitrogen and sulfur in sludge biochar and its interaction with soil should be paid more attention in the future research.

Lignin and polyethyleneimine (PEI) have good affinity for heavy metal ions, and lignin sources have a wide range of good biodegradability and good prospects in water treatment. The furfural residue lignin/PEI microspheres (LMS) were prepared with furfural residue lignin and polyethyleneimine by inverse suspension polymerization, which epichlorohydrin (EPI) was used as crosslinked agent, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate(SDBS) was of dispersing agent, and liquid paraffin was the oil phase. The structure and morphology of the microspheres were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and laser particle size analyzer. The amount of lignin, the amount of PEI, the amount of crosslinker, the amount of dispersant, the ratio of oil to water and the reaction temperature were studied for lignin micro. The results showed that the optimal conditions for furfural lignin/PEI microspheres preparation were lignin dosages of 0.600g, PEI dosage of 2.25g, EPI dosage of 2.25mL, SDBS dosage of 0.075g, reaction temperature of 56℃, and oil to water volume ratio of 4.5∶1. The obtained lignin microspheres had good spherical shape, uniform particle size, a small amount of potholes on the surface of the sphere and a specific surface area of 46.5m²/g. The average particle diameter was 135μm with uniformity of 0.290.

Kaolin was modified by calcination and hydrothermal reaction. The differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and infrared spectrum(FTIR) results of kaolin showed that kaolin loses all of hydroxyl group after calcination for 3h at 800℃, and regained some hydroxyl group by hydrothermal reaction. The nuclear paramagnetic resonance (NMR) results of kaolin showed that calcined kaolin and hydrothermal kaolin had lower Al atomic coordination number and higher activity than original kaolin. Then the adsorption efficiency of kaolin and modified kaolin for PbCl₂ and CdCl₂ at different temperatures was studied during incineration in tubular furnance. Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) was used to detect the distribution of PbCl₂ and CdCl₂ in the kaolin. The experiment and XRD results showed that the adsorption efficiency of kaolin for PbCl₂ at 600—900℃ and CdCl₂ at 600—900℃ met the regulation of original kaolin＞hydrothermal kaolin＞calcined kaolin, which indicated that the adsorption of kaolin for PbCl₂ and CdCl₂ was enhanced by oxhydryl. However, when the temperature exceeded 800℃, the adsorption efficiency of original kaolin was lower than that of calcined kaolin and hydrothermal kaolin, which indicated that oxhydryl had no effect on the adsorption of kaolin for PbCl₂ and CdCl₂. Besides, calcination and hydrothermal modification may promote the adsorption by enhancing Al atomic activity.

Nano-iron has received extensive attention in the repair of contaminated soil and groundwater. In order to further explore its migration behavior in porous media, nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) was coated with sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS), and the sedimentation test of modified nano-zero-valent iron was carried out. The zeta potential and particle size distribution were measured to explore its dispersion. The column experiments of modified nano-zero-valent iron in pickled sand and washed sand under different pH conditions were carried out. The effects of chemical heterogeneity and pH on the migration of nano-iron in porous media were analyzed. The results showed that CMS coated nano-iron not only stabilizes the nanoparticles themselves, but also reduces their deposition on the surface of porous media, which greatly improves the mobility. When pH=6 to 8, the zeta potential of nZVI was reduced from 18.3mV to 2.9mV, the effective particle size increased from 685nm to 880nm, and the stability was deteriorated. When the zeta potential of CMS-nZVI increased from -19.7mV to -53.5mV, the electrostatic repulsion between particles was enhanced and the stability was improved. According to energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, there were oxide impurities such as carbon, aluminum and iron on the surface of the washed sand. These impurities have a positive charge, which will enhance the adsorption of negatively charged CMS-nZVI, which is not conducive to its migration. After pickling quartz sand, the surface impurities were greatly reduced. At pH=8, the maximum mobility of CMS-nZVI in pickled sand was 77.0%, which is 63.0% better than that of washed sand. In addition, the higher pH environment helps to increase the surface negative charge of the quartz sand medium, reduce the adsorption of particles and the medium, and promote the migration of the nanoparticles.

The effect of CO₂ on the cell growth and lipid accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. QLZ-3 in walnut shell extracts (WSE) was studied. Experimental results showed that the biomass and lipid productivities of QLZ-3 were 196.85mg/(L·d) and 97.52mg/(L·d) respectively under the presence of 12% CO₂, which were enhanced by 1.33-fold and 1.57-fold compared with the control group, respectively. The exogenous CO₂ upregulated the expression level of rbcL that was cultivated in WSE, and thus resulted in an increase in the CO₂ fixation. In addition, the 12% CO₂ increased the utilization of polyphenol, and increased the activities of the ACCase and ME but decreased those of PEPC of QLZ-3 in WSE. The results indicated that exogenous CO₂ could enhance the biomass and lipid productivity and reduce the cost of microalgae cultivation in WSE, which provided a new theoretical basis for the utilization of walnut shell and the industrial production of microalgae.

The autotrophic nitrifying granular sludge was used as the adsorbent to study its adsorption on Cu²⁺ and the optimal adsorption conditions, and its adsorption characteristics were explored. The effects of copper ion concentration, adsorption time, sludge concentration, stirring speed and temperature on the adsorption were studied by single factor experiments. It was found that the stirring speed, adsorption time and sludge concentration had a significant effect on the adsorption. On this basis, the optimum operating point of adsorption was coupled by response surfacemethodtime (A)=2.50h, rotation speed (B)=125r/min, sludge volume (C)=5250mg/L. The adsorption characteristics and stability of granular sludge were studied under these conditions. The results showed that the nitrifying granular sludge showed strong tolerance and stability in heavy metal wastewater, and the granulation rate remained above 93% at different Cu²⁺concentrations. The results of dynamic fitting of Langmuir and Freundlich equations showed that the fitting degree of Langmuir isotherm equation was R²_Cu=0.999, which indicated that nitrification granular sludge was a typical monolayer adsorption for Cu²⁺， and the maximum adsorption capacity can be described as Q_max=15.02mg/g. In the fitting process of the Freundlich isotherm equation, the correlation coefficient R²_Cu was 0.969, 1/n was 0.1305, indicating that the nitrification granular sludge had strong adsorption capacity for Cu²⁺. The higher fitting degree also indicated that the adsorption of Cu²⁺ by nitrifying granular sludge was a complex physical and chemical process.

Taking activated sludge treated by periodic ultrasonic irradiation as the research object, the effect of ultrasonic on partial nitrification was studied in the sequencing batch reactor(SBR), and the effect on enzyme activity, nitrogen removal rate and extracellular polymer substance(EPS) was researched further. The results showed that partial nitrification could be promoted by ultrasonic which ranged in power density from 0.1 to 0.7W/mL, and the highest nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) reached 98.21%. Ultrasonic promoted partial nitrification by enhancing ammonia monohydrogenase (AMO) and suppressing nitrite oxidoreductase (NXR). The highest AMO activity increased by 63.84% and the NXR activity decreased by 89.03%. The specific nitrogen oxidation rate and reactor nitrogen oxidation rate were not completely consistent with the variation trend of enzyme activity. The key enzyme activity of AOB was only consistent with the variation trend of specific ammonia nitrogen oxidation rate (SAOR). The key enzyme activity of NOB and the reactor nitrite oxidation rate (NOR) were consistent, and the sludge reduction caused by ultrasound had more negative effect on the number of AOB bacteria than it had on NOB. After having periodic ultrasonication, the total amount of EPS increased first and then decreased with the power density. Ultrasonic detachment of LB-EPS was greater than it of TB-EPS, and the peeling of polysaccharide was greater than it of protein. Higher power density would cause protein accumulation.

Refined oil belongs to inflammable and explosive dangerous products. Once an accident occurs in the distribution process, the consequences are serious. Considering the dynamic changes of population aggregation, load and speed in distribution process, a time-dependent risk measurement model was established. The BP neural network was used to predict vehicle speed, and the speed of expressway and main road in Wuhan was predicted. On this basis, a bi-objective route optimization model of refined oil secondary distribution route considering both distribution cost and time-dependent risk was proposed, and an improved multi-objective line-up competition algorithm was proposed to solve the problem. The improved multi-objective line-up competition algorithm was used to solve the examples reported in the literature, and the obtained non-dominated solutions completely dominated the non-dominated solutions in the literature reports, which verified the effectiveness of the algorithm. A case study of Wuhan petrochemical enterprise showed that the predicted speed had a high accuracy, the proposed method could simultaneously consider the time-dependent risks and distribution costs in the distribution process, and the obtained Pareto optimal distribution routing set could provide diversified options for enterprise decision-makers, and had good application value.