Release of K during biomass combustion and pyrolysis: a review

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1155

Abstract

Abstract:

The high content of alkali metal potassium in biomass and its release into furnace during combustion and pyrolysis may cause problems such as ash accumulation, slagging, corrosion, etc, affecting the safe and economic operation of the boiler. By comparing and analyzing literatures, the paper introduces the content and form of potassium in biomass, the quantitative detection methods of alkali metal, and the release mechanism of potassium under different conditions in pyrolysis and combustion. The effects of fuel composition, particle size, reaction temperature, heating rate, reactor type and other factors on the release of potassium are also discussed. The occurrence forms of potassium in biomass fuels include organic potassium, inorganic potassium and potassium-containing minerals. The primary products released by the decomposition of organic potassium will eventually be released in other forms or left in the ash through secondary reactions of different paths. The final release form of potassiumis closely related to the secondary reaction that occurs during the release process, including KCl, K₂SO₄, KOH and potassium-containing minerals.

Key words: biomass, combustion, pyrolysis, potassium, release

摘要：

生物质中碱金属钾的含量较高，钾在燃烧和热解过程中释放到炉内，会造成积灰、结渣、腐蚀等问题，影响锅炉安全、经济运行。本文通过对文献进行比较和分析，介绍了生物质中钾的含量和赋存形式，碱金属的定量检测方法，生物质中钾在不同条件下热解和燃烧过程中的释放规律，以及燃料成分和粒径、反应温度和升温速率、反应器类型等因素对钾释放规律的影响。结果表明，生物质燃料中钾的赋存形式包括有机钾、无机钾和含钾矿物质等；有机钾分解所释放出的一次产物，最终会经过不同路径的二次反应以其他形式释放或留在灰中；钾的最终释放形式与释放过程中发生的二次反应密切相关，主要包括KCl、K₂SO₄、KOH和含钾矿物质。

关键词: 生物质, 燃烧, 热解, 钾, 释放

CLC Number:

TQ51

Yang WANG,Changqing DONG. Release of K during biomass combustion and pyrolysis: a review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(4): 1292-1301.

王洋,董长青. 生物质燃烧和热解中钾的释放规律研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(4): 1292-1301.

Figures/Tables 8

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生物质	质量分数/%
生物质	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	TiO₂	SO₃	P₂O₅
红橡木	49.00	9.50	8.50	17.50	1.10	0.50	9.50	—	2.60	1.80
麦秸秆	55.32	1.88	0.73	6.14	1.06	1.71	25.60	0.08	4.40	1.26
榛子壳	33.70	3.10	3.80	15.40	7.90	1.30	30.40	0.10	1.10	3.20
杏仁壳	23.50	2.70	2.80	10.50	5.20	1.60	48.50	0.10	0.80	4.50

生物质	质量分数/%
生物质	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	TiO₂	SO₃	P₂O₅
红橡木	49.00	9.50	8.50	17.50	1.10	0.50	9.50	—	2.60	1.80
麦秸秆	55.32	1.88	0.73	6.14	1.06	1.71	25.60	0.08	4.40	1.26
榛子壳	33.70	3.10	3.80	15.40	7.90	1.30	30.40	0.10	1.10	3.20
杏仁壳	23.50	2.70	2.80	10.50	5.20	1.60	48.50	0.10	0.80	4.50

分析方法	原理	检测类型	检测的物质	检测精度	其他
IACM	光谱学	在线原位检测	KC、NaCl	1～50μg·g^-1	检测碱金属氯化物
TDLAS	光谱学	在线原位检测	原子K、Na	>7.5ng·kg^-1	仅气态
PEARLS	光谱学	在线取样检测	原子、Na	μg·kg^-1	不区分相态
LIBS	光谱学	在线原位检测	原子K、Na	μg·g^-1	不区分相态
ELIF	光谱学	在线原位检测	原子K、Na	μg·kg^-1	仅气态
SI	电离作用	在线取样检测	K⁺、Na⁺	μg·kg^-1	离子，不区分相态
MBMS	质谱学	在线取样检测	KCl、KOH等	μg·g^-1	分子，不区分相态
ICP-AES	光谱学	非在线检测	原子K、Na	μg·kg^-1	不区分相态

分析方法	原理	检测类型	检测的物质	检测精度	其他
IACM	光谱学	在线原位检测	KC、NaCl	1～50μg·g^-1	检测碱金属氯化物
TDLAS	光谱学	在线原位检测	原子K、Na	>7.5ng·kg^-1	仅气态
PEARLS	光谱学	在线取样检测	原子、Na	μg·kg^-1	不区分相态
LIBS	光谱学	在线原位检测	原子K、Na	μg·g^-1	不区分相态
ELIF	光谱学	在线原位检测	原子K、Na	μg·kg^-1	仅气态
SI	电离作用	在线取样检测	K⁺、Na⁺	μg·kg^-1	离子，不区分相态
MBMS	质谱学	在线取样检测	KCl、KOH等	μg·g^-1	分子，不区分相态
ICP-AES	光谱学	非在线检测	原子K、Na	μg·kg^-1	不区分相态

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