Electrodialysis is a mass separation process in which ion exchange membranes and electrical potential difference are used to separate ionic species from aqueous solution and other uncharged components. This separation technology possesses the advantages of strong adaptability, simple pretreatment of feed, low energy consumption and little environmental pollution, which make it widely applied in separation and purification processes of chemical and biological industries. This review covers six mass transfer models used in the description of mass transportation phenomena and summarizes the advantages and problems of these models. It is pointed out in this paper that the main limitation for further improvement of electrodialysis technology is that it is troublesome to theoretically or experimentally study the electrodialysis process that includes a number of complex phenomena such as mass transportation, concentration polarization, fluid flow behavior and electrolyte-membrane equilibrium. Mass transfer modeling of electrodialysis, which is favorable to deeply study mass transfer mechanism for accurate performance prediction and target-oriented process optimization, provides an effective strategy to study the separation process of electrodialysis. Moreover, the research direction is optimization of mass transfer models by combining empirical equations or transfer coefficients, and simulation of electrodialysis process with modeling tools, aiming to improve the accuracy and universality of mass transfer models.

The impinging stream has widely applied in chemical reaction, crystallization, preparation of ultrafine powder,etc. Due to its excellent characteristics of strengthening micro-mixing. Based on the mixing and strengthening characteristics of impinging stream technology, the recent research on the preparation of ultrafine powders in several impinging stream reactors was reviewed. The effects of fluid flow, confined space, nozzle form and structure, external excitation and other factors about the mixing performance on submerged circulative impinging stream reactor, confined impinging stream reactor, T-type impinging stream reactor, micro impinging stream reactor and impinging stream-rotating packed bed reactor were briefly described. The effects of micromixing characteristics of impinging stream on chemical reaction and preparation of ultrafine powder were analyzed from the aspects of crystallization and micromixing time. Compared with conventional reactors and methods, it was evaluated from the particle size, morphology, surface, energy, dispersibility, electrical properties and stability of ultrafine powders. An intermediate experiment of a two-layer opposed impinging stream reactor for industrial large-scale preparation of ultrafine powders was proposed, and the prospect of impinging stream technology for preparing ultrafine powders was prospected.

The reaction in the spray-and-bubble column is a typical gas-liquid flow. In order to study the absorption characteristics of As₂O₃ in the flue gas by ammonia in spray-and-bubble column and explore the potential of the integrated control of pollutants by the novel spray-and-bubble technology, the spray-and-bubble column was employed to investigate the synergistic removal of As₂O₃ from flue gas using air and SO₂ as the simulated flue gas. Factors such as liquid-gas ratio, bubbling pipe depth, aqueous ammonia concentration and SO₂ concentration have been studied. Results showed that the As₂O₃ adsorption efficiency increases generally and then tends to be gentle with the liquid-gas ratio rising. The increase of immersion depth leads to the gradual decrease of absorption efficiency. The absorption efficiency of AsO₃^3- formed by the interaction between As₂O₃ and OH^- in ammonia dissolves in ammonia to achieve As₂O₃ absorption. Under alkaline environment, the hydrolysis of SO₃^2- generated by the reaction between SO₂ and NH₃ increases the OH^- in the solution to promote the absorption of ammonia to gas phase As₂O₃. The promotion effect first increases and then decreases with the increase of SO₂ concentration due to factors such as the neutralization of some of the OH^- by H⁺ in the NH₄HSO₃ and volatilization of NH₃. The absorption efficiency reaches the maximum of 82% when liquid-gas ratio is 10L/m³, immersion depth of 5cm, ammonia concentration of 0.07% and SO₂ concentration of 525mg/m³.

In order to clarify the formation morphologies and plugging mechanisms of carbon dioxide hydrate for intermittent flow, a high-pressure visual hydrate loop was used to carry out the formation experiment of carbon dioxide hydrate, and the formation and plugging morphology images of carbon dioxide hydrate under air mass flow and slug flow were analyzed. The results show that the main formation position of the hydrate under the air mass flow is the top of the pipeline, and the effective flow area is gradually reduced in the form of a continuously increasing hydrate layer, which eventually leads to pipeline plugging. Under the slug flow, hydrates are formed in large quantities in both the liquid phase and the top of the pipeline, but due to the erosion of large flow rate, the top hydrate layer can not exist for a long time. It breaks down into the main body of the liquid phase, resulting in the increase of the viscosity of the main body of the liquid phase, the increase of the flow resistance and the decrease of the flow velocity, thus providing conditions for the coalescence and agglomeration of flocculent hydrates in the liquid phase. The continuous accumulation of hydrate in liquid phase is the main reason for the hydrate plugging under slug flow. In addition, the hollow hydrate sphere formed under slug flow is a special hydrate form, which is mostly formed at the interface of liquid slug zone and liquid film zone. Because it is enclosed with gas, it will float in the upper part of liquid phase, and will be disturbed and broken into flaky hydrates, but these hydrates can not eventually gather and compact in the top space to form a dense hydrate layer.

In order to enhance the foaming properties of low concentration casein (CS) in dairy wastewater and then improve its performance of foam separation, dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS12) was used to modify hydrophobic silica nanoparticle (SNP) to prepare a partially hydrophobic SNP (BS12-SNP) with a contact angle of 61.6°±3.1°. This paper studied the effect of BS12-SNP as a foam stabilizer from the static and dynamic foam properties. The results of experiments showed that BS12-SNP could act as a foam stabilizer to inhibit foam drainage and coalescence, thereby enhancing the foam stability of casein (20.0mg/L to 60.0mg/L). The half-life of CS with BS12-modified SNP could be increased by up to 6.5 times compared with that without BS12-SNP. Furthermore, the results of foam separation experiments showed that the maximum recovery percentage of casein at the above concentration range reached 94.2% and the enrichment ratio reached 12.3, under the conditions of the BS12-SNP concentration 50mg/L, air flow rate 250mL/min and liquid volume 500mL. A technology of foam separation with surface-functionalized nanoparticles instead of surfactant was developed and the efficient recovery of casein from its wastewater was realized.

In order to study the influencing factors of sound wave agglomeration, an aerosol formed by mixing coal-fired fly ash with air was used as an experimental object, and the particle size distribution and concentration of the particles were measured by an optical particle size spectrometer. The experiment mainly studied the effects of sound frequency and water spray on acoustic agglomeration. The result showed: under sound waves, the concentration of fine particles was significantly reduced, and the effect of sound agglomeration was sensitive to frequency; at high or low sound pressure level (SPL), we got the best agglomeration effect at 1400Hz; after the addition of spray, the concentration of the particles was significantly reduced, and as the amount of spray increased, the concentration of the particles became smaller. The mechanism of spray enhancing agglomeration effect was analyzed: the addition of spray enhanced relative motion between fine particles; spray particles increased particle concentration and the chance of fine particle collision; the spray changed the surface characteristics of the fine particles of coal-fired fly ash, which increased the surface viscosity of the particles and contributed to the formation of agglomerates.

In order to predict the effect of pump shape on the performance of the single-acting double-suction vacuum pump, a comparative study of the elliptical pump and two circular pumps, with the diameters of long and short elliptic axes respectively, was carried out by means of theoretical derivation. Distributions of the velocity, pressure and temperature field of the liquid inside the elliptical pump were analyzed based on computational fluid dynamics. Results showed that the elliptical pump is superior to the circular pump in terms of heat dissipation performance, as well as the suction and exhaust performance. Although the structure of the pump body is symmetrical, the distribution of the pressure, velocity and temperature field in the pump body and the edge of the impeller is uneven. Under the working condition of limit compression ratio, the velocity distribution of the liquid beyond the impeller of the elliptical pump is more uniform. The pressure field within the pump increases gradually from the center to the edge of the impeller. In addition, the pressure distribution at the edge of the impeller is also uneven. The temperature of the cooling liquid increases gradually from the inlet to the outlet of the pump. At the outlet a whirlpool is easy to form, which accordingly decreases the cooling effect.

Aiming at the problem that the existing random algorithm solves the problem of high-dimensional energy integrated network (heat exchanger network) and is easy to fall into local optimum, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅲ) based on reference points was proposed to optimize heat exchanger networks. In this method, the adaptive discretization Pareto frontier and reference point mechanism were introduced to reserve the population individuals that are non-dominated and close to the reference point by using a special dominant relation. Based on the non-isothermal mixed-flow hierarchical superstructure model, it was considered the retrofit of heat exchanger network from many aspects and levels, by taking the environmental impact index, investment cost, operation cost and retrofit engineering quantity as the optimization objectives. The purpose was to provide users with a variety of alternative retrofit programs. The case study showed that the investment cost of the modified heat exchanger network is 57304USD per year, which saves 25% of the operating cost annually. Compared with the literature, it can provide diversified energy-saving retrofit schemes to meet different retrofit requirements of users, and obtain better comprehensive retrofit results than the literature, which demonstrates that the NSGA-Ⅲ has the superiority of solving high-dimensional problem.

To investigate the effect of particle loadings on gas-solid two-phase flow in a small cyclone, the Reynolds stress model (RSM) and multiphase flow mixture model were adopted for the coupling calculation of gas and particles. Five different particle concentrations of 0—3kg/m³ were simulated at the inlet flow rate of 40L/min, 60L/min and 80L/min using a particle size of 0.5—5μm. The influence of the presence of particles on the gas flow field was studied by comparison of pure gas and particle-loaded phase in cyclone. The effects of inlet flows and solid concentrations on separation efficiency and pressure drop characteristics in cyclone were investigated. The simulation results based on the reliability verification showed that the gas flow field has significantly changes at high particle loadings. With the increase of inlet flow, the separation efficiency of the particles in the cyclone increases first and then decreases, while the pressure drop increases nonlinearly. As the particle concentration increases, the separation efficiency increases, while the pressure drop of the cyclone decreases first and then increases.

In order to study the separation performance of a two-stage combined demister, the performance of the two-stage swirling, combined and two-stage baffle demisters was analyzed. Numerical simulation method was used to analyze the difference of the internal flow field in demisters. By setting up an experimental platform, high-speed photography technology was used combined with the flow field distribution of the demisters to analyze the internal movement behavior of the droplets in the demisters, then the experimental research on the separation performance of the demisters was carried out from the aspects of pressure drop loss, separation efficiency and outlet droplets size. The results showed that the droplets are trapped in the baffle mainly by impacting the blades, sliding along the edge of the blades in the swirling plates, and then moving toward the wall at an angle close to the inclination angle of the blades to form a liquid film. As the inlet section gas velocity increases, the pressure drop of the three demisters gradually increases, the difference increases continuously, and the pressure drop of the two-stage swirling demister is the highest. When the inlet section gas velocity is lower than 5.7m/s, the separation efficiency of the two-stage swirling and combined demisters are close to 100%, and the median particle size of the droplets at the outlet of the combined demister is always lower than that in the inlet droplets, the particle size is smaller than the other two types of demister, so the separation ability for small particle size droplets is remarkable. When the liquid phase flow rate is gradually increased from 6.2m³/h to 13.7m³/h, the separation efficiency of the three demisters decreases, and the two-stage swirling demister has the strongest adaptability under high gas velocity and liquid flow. At the same time, the median particle size of the droplets of the three demisters outlets showed a downward trend, and the median particle size of the droplets at the outlet of the combined demister was still at the lowest level.

The fluid motion characteristics of the membrane oxygenator have an important influence on its performance, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) hydrodynamic analysis of the oxygenator model by computational fluid dynamics is one of the important methods to predict its performance. Based on the pressure drop experiment, the viscous drag coefficient of the oxygenator fiber bundle was calculated and an isotropic porous media model was established. The RNGk-ε turbulence model was used to calculate the internal flow field of the oxygenator under different flow rates, and the cloud velocity map of blood velocity, pressure and wall shear stress was obtained. It is found that with the increase of flow rate, the internal velocity gradient distribution of the oxygenator is basically unchanged, the pressure distribution is inclined and gradually decreases, and most of the pressure loss is located in the fiber bundle, of which 53.3% is located in the oxygenation chamber, and 42.6% is located in the temperature chamber. The inlet and outlet locations of the oxygenator blood are high-risk areas of blood damage. The standard hemolysis index NIH of the oxygenator was calculated using the hemolysis numerical prediction model. The results show that the simulation results of the isotropic porous medium model are basically consistent with the experimental results at 1.65—3.00L/min. The deviation between the simulated value and the experimental value will increase with the increase of the liquid flow rate; at 1.65—6.00L/min, the standard hemolysis index NIH is 0.0084—0.0835g/100L, which meets the physiologically acceptable use range of human body.

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have extensive research and application prospects in sustainable new energy. The essential feature of porous electrode structure is mesoscale, which plays a decisive role in the material transport in the electrode as well as the battery performance. In this paper, the numerical and physical research methods at microscale and mesoscale applied to porous electrode structure, and the multiscale methods coupling mesoscale with other scales are reviewed. The applicable contents, progress, and advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed respectively. Microscale method can accurately simulate the microscopic characteristics of SOFC electrode materials, while mesoscale method can reconstruct complex electrode microstructure and simulate three-phase reaction. At the same time, they build an important bridge between the study of electrode microstructure and macroscopic simulation. Therefore, the coupling mesoscale method with other scale methods can well probe the interaction of microstructure of multi-phase and under multi-physical field. In the future research, it has important potential and value to reduce the calculation cost of mesoscale method and its coupling with multiscale method, and to develop advanced experimental equipment and visualization technology.

In order to achieve the precise temperature control and rapid start-up of the single-cell module of a high-temperature methanol fuel cell, the design, manufacture and testing of the thermal management system were carried out. A control system algorithm for fitting simplified equations and the simulation platform were developed by using MATLAB/Simulink. Further, the utility for both internal and external circulation loops of the fuel cell and the heat exchangers in cooling system were redesigned and prototyped. The operation test of the thermal management system for single battery module was performed, and the measured and the simulation data were compared and analyzed. The test results showed that the designed thermal management system successfully shortened the battery warm-up time by 20%, and the temperature error of the cooling medium was within ±2℃under steady state, which met the design requirements well. The prototype and test results verified the feasibility, accuracy and practicability of the thermal management system design, which provided a theoretical and practical reference for the design and optimization of the thermal management system for high temperature methanol fuel cell.

Oxygen and water are the main reactant of the electrochemical reaction inside proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), whose physical and chemical properties can be affected by gradient magnetic fields. In this study, the performance of an air-breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cell (AB-PEMFC) with its anode side loaded with a 480mT gradient magnetic field was analyzed under different cell temperatures and hydrogen flow rates. The experimental results show that the loading of the 480mT gradient magnetic field on the anode side can improve electrical efficiency of AB-PEMFC. The higher the cell temperature and the lower the hydrogen flow, the better the performance of the AB-PEMFC loaded with 480mT gradient magnetic field. The experimental results can provide a reference for improving the performance of AB-PEMFC.

The heat dissipation characteristics of the organic alcohol phase change materials (PCM) based soft-clad square lithium batteries at discharging and under natural air convection were studied. The physical model of battery thermal management system was established to simulate the change of battery discharge temperature in phase change system and to analyze the influence of different discharge magnifications on the maximum temperature of lithium battery. The results showed that when the ambient temperature was 30℃, the center point temperatures decreased by 1.21℃, 8.89℃ and 17.45℃ respectively under the discharges of 0.6C, 0.8C and 1.0C magnification. The result of numerical simulation showed that the time of temperature above 45℃ decreased by 55% and 58% respectively when the ambient temperature was 30℃ and the discharges were 0.8C and 1.0C magnification. When the ambient temperature was 35℃ and the discharge was 1.0C magnification, the temperature decreased to 65.14℃, and the time of temperature above 45℃ was 33%. The phase change material played the role of heat dissipation and temperature control only in its phase change intervals, and the maximum error between the simulation and the experimental results did not exceed 2℃. The result has a reference significance for the application of thermal management technology in battery discharge process.

In this experiment, the green promotion in the static system was investigated by changing the amount of addition (600mg/L, 900mg/L, 1200mg/L), subcooling (3.5℃, 5.5℃, 7.5℃) and pressure (4.90MPa, 6.0MPa, 7.31MPa). The experimental results show that AOT can effectively shorten the induction time under the three concentrations, and the higher the concentration, the smaller the induction time (0.21h at 1200mg/L), but the gas storage increases first and then decreases with the increase of the added amount. Finally, the optimum addition amount is 900mg/L, and the hydrate storage capacity is 55.76m³/m³. In addition, the higher the degree of subcooling and the higher the experimental pressure, the faster the hydrate nucleation rate, the shorter the induction time, and the higher the gas consumption rate. When the degree of subcooling is 7.5℃, the induction time is 0.31h, the gas consumption rate is 0.275mol/h, and the maximum gas storage is 63.95m³/m³. However, if the pressure is too high, hydrate will rapidly be formed at the gas-liquid interface in the kettle. The layer hinders the hydrates from continuing to form, resulting in a reduction of hydrate storage capacity to 46.84 m³/m³. Therefore, under the static system, reasonable selection of the concentration of the promoter and the driving force can significantly promote the formation of hydrate.

Polymethoxy dimethyl ether (DMM_n) has the advantages of high oxygen content and high cetane number. Mixing it with diesel can effectively improve the combustion performance of diesel and reduce the emission of pollutants in exhaust gas. DMM_n with a polymerization degree of 5—8 is solid at room temperature, and is not easily miscible with diesel, which affects the low-temperature fluidity of diesel. Therefore, DMM_n with a polymerization degree of 1—4 is selected to be blended with 0^# diesel. The single component DMM₁—DMM₄ and DMM_1-4 mixed components were mixed with 0^#diesel oil according to 7 different mass ratios, and the effects on diesel gel point, density, kinematic viscosity and dynamic viscosity were investigated. The results showed that the single component DMM₁—DMM₄ and DMM_1-4 mixed components could significantly reduce the freezing point of diesel after blending with diesel. The best effect was to reduce 6℃ when the 21% DMM₁ was blended with 0^# diesel. According to the characteristics of blending diesel oil, the density and viscosity of the 0^# diesel were kept within the national standard range for diesel(Ⅵ), and the optimal condensation for depressing the freezing point was 9% DMM₁, 12% DMM₂ and 18% DMM_1-4 respectively. Finally, the optimum condensation of 18% mixed DMM_1-4 was determined by the cetane number, flash point and the infrared spectrum and mass spectrometry detection, which provided a reference for the actual diesel blending.

The chemical loopingco-gasification process of sawdust and waste tires with natural lean iron ore as oxygen carrier was studied on a self-designed two-stage fixed-bed reactor. The effects of the presence of oxygen carrier, blending ratio of waste tires, the temperature of first-stage reactor and water flow rate on the chemical loopingco-gasification process of biomass were investigated. The results showed that the presence of oxygen carrier could significantly improve the gasification effect and increase the gas yield; blending a certain amount of waste tires could significantly improve low calorific value and carbon conversion efficiency, and exhibited synergistic effect, the best blending ratio of waste tires in this experiment was 20%; the gas yield and carbon conversion efficiency in theco-gasification process rose with the increase of temperature, and the synergistic effect was gradually enhanced, but the lower calorific value decreased with the increase of temperature; the rise of water flow rate could significantly increase the content of H₂ in the synthesis gas, and when the water flow rate was maintained at 0.66g/min, the optimum balance of the gas yield, carbon conversion efficiency and low calorific value and other indicators of the biomassco-gasification process could be realized. Characterization and analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that natural lean iron ore exhibited good reactivity and wear resistance during long-term operation.

Hydrate generation promotion and kinetic model is key issues in hydrate utilization technology. The formation kinetics of CO₂ hydrate in graphene oxide (GO) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) compounding accelerator system was studied experimentally, and the influence of different concentrations on hydrate formation time and gas consumption was revealed. The results showed that under the combination of GO and SDS, the formation rate of CO₂ hydrate was accelerated, the induction time and generation time were shortened, and the gas consumption was increased. The optimal compounding concentration was 0.005% GO and 0.2% SDS. Compared with pure water and a single 0.005% GO system, the hydrate formation time was shortened by 69.7% and 12.2%, respectively, and the gas consumption was increased by 11.24% and 3.2%. The chemical affinity model of CO₂ hydrate formation in this system was established. The effects of GO and SDS compound ratio, temperature and pressure on the chemical affinity model parameters were studied from the model point of view. Using Matlab to program the model and comparing it with the experimental results, the agreement was very good. The results showed the chemical affinity model could accurately predict the formation of hydrates in the complex system.

In order to achieve the goal of reducing cost and increasing efficiency in natural gas decarburization plant, this paper, based on thesemi-lean MDEAsemi-lean liquid process activated by PZ in a plant, further improves the performance of amine liquid under the existing equipment capacity, and selects the formula of ternary complex amine liquid to replace the original absorbent. The appropriate subject amine liquid and additive were selected by experiment of barren solution with single amine liquid, half barren solution and rich liquid, respectively. Then, the absorption and regeneration performance of the ternary blends with amine liquid were studied to determine the, look for large capacity of absorption, quick absorption rates, high desorption rate, circulating high solubility and low energy consumption of regeneration of optimum comprehensive properties for determination of amine liquid formula. It was found that AMP, DETA and PZ had better absorption performance in single amine solution, and TEA has the lowest energy consumption and highest desorption rate. For ternary complex amine solution, when MDEA/DEEA was the main amine solution, the absorption rate and absorption load of the two amine solutions were both higher in the state of poor solution. The final desorption rate of MDEA/TEA dual-main amine solution was higher than that of MDEA/DEEA dual-main amine solution. The addition of TEA significantly improved the desorption rate of amine solution. The recycling solubility ofsemi-lean solution of the selected ternary high-efficiency amine solution 18%MDEA+18%TEA+4%PZ formula was higher than that of the original PZ activated MDEA formula, and the renewable energy consumption was lower, which can replace PZ activated MDEA amine solution for the decarburization process of natural gassemi-lean solution.

By controlling the temperatures of material pyrolysis and dust settling zones, 2t/d testing device with an inner-rotary moving bed pyrolysis reactor was used to research the influence of reactor temperature distribution on the yield and quality of pyrolysis product of Shenmu coal(size 0—13mm) to summary the mechanism of the inner-rotary moving bed pyrolysis technology. The results showed that the volatile(V_daf) of semicokes reduced to a suitable level of 10.36%—11.95% at pyrolysis temperature 650℃ and 700℃. The increase of dust settling zone temperature decreased the yield of semicokes and coal tar while enhanced the yield of coal gas under the same pyrolysis zone temperature for the radiation heat transfer effect. The highest coal tar yield(Tar_d) was 7.44% at pyrolysis zone temperature of 700℃ and dust settling zone temperature of 500℃. The contents of light fraction (boiling point＜360℃) in coal tar were 63.3%—72.0% and 67.5%—72.2% at pyrolysis zone temperature 650℃ and 700℃, respectively. Moreover, the study revealed that the increase of dust settling zone temperature would decrease the light oil content and increase the washing oil, asphaltine and hydrogen content in gas at a same pyrolysis zone temperature. The secondary reaction of volatiles were remarkably enhanced when the dust settling zone temperature was 550℃ than 450℃ and 500℃. In addition, the dust contents(QI content) of coal tar obtained under all the conditions were less than 1% with the lowest 0.51%, which were very helpful for the downstream processes.

Hydrosilylation is one of the most important ways to synthesize organosilicon materials. Platinum catalyst is of great significance as it is the most widely used catalyst. In this review, the research status of hydrosilylation reaction mechanism was first presented. Secondly, this paper analyzed the progress in platinum complex catalysts with long polymer segments, platinum cluster catalysts containing multiple platinum atoms andN-heterocyclic carbene platinum complexes catalysts, which were mainly designed to improve the catalytic selectivity and control the catalytic reactivity. In addition, the advantages of the supports for platinum catalysts such as inorganic silica, carbon support, metal oxides, organic polymers, and solid carrier fluids were reported. The supported platinum catalysts have the advantages of being recyclable and having good product selectivity and thus could significantly reduce platinum loss in comparison to the homogeneous platinum catalyst. Meantime, the development of platinum-catalysed hydrosilylation reaction was prospected and analysed. The improvement of platinum loading capacity, the separation of platinum-supported catalysts, the mechanism of hydrosilylation reaction, and the expansion of catalytic range are the main directions for future research.

Lignin is an important renewable biomass resource. A large number of high value-added chemicals can be obtained from phenolic substances after degradation and hydrogenation, which have a very important influence on environmental treatment and raw material utilization. This paper reviewed the research progress of lignin phenol hydrogenation catalysts in recent years. The effects of the type, reaction mechanism and structural sensitivity of the liquid phenolic catalytic hydrogenation catalyst on the catalytic hydrogenation activity of phenols were summarized, and the effect of catalyst particle size on the activity of liquid phenol hydrogenation reaction was described. The morphological effect and crystal phase effect of the catalyst in the existing structural sensitivity reaction were discussed by using the active metal and carrier of the lignin liquid phenol hydrogenation catalyst as the system. It was proposed that the structure-activity relationship between catalyst morphology and catalytic activity can be studied by controlling the morphology and crystal phase of the catalyst to provide information and reference for the design of high-activity lignin liquid phenol hydrogenation catalyst in the future.

Goethite is an abundantly and widely distributed iron oxide with α-FeOOH as the main component. To investigate the performance of goethite in catalytic denitration of flue gas by H₂O₂, α-FeOOH catalyst was prepared by precipitation-hydrolysis method and then used in the bench scale denitration experiments. The effects of H₂O₂ flow rate, H₂O₂ concentration, vaporization temperature, reaction temperature and coexisting gas concentration on the denitrification performance were analyzed. Ion chromatography (IC) was used to analyze the oxyacid components after denitrification and those after simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification. Various characterization techniques were also used to examine the physicochemical properties and stability of the catalyst before and after the reaction. The results showed that with the increase of vaporization temperature and reaction temperature, the removal efficiency of NO increased firstly and then decreased, and the increase of H₂O₂ concentration had significantly enhanced the denitration efficiency. When the vaporization and reaction temperatures were 140℃ and 160℃ respectively, the denitration efficiency reached 80% by injecting 10mol/L H₂O₂ at a flow rate of 2.5mL/h. When the SO₂ concentration was 1000μL/L, the denitration efficiency increased to 86.4%. The ion chromatography analysis showed that the oxyacid products were HNO₃ and H₂SO₄ after denitration and desulfurization. The characterization results of the catalysts showed that the α-FeOOH still had excellent stability after denitration reaction, which illustrated the potential application prospect of the goethite in low temperature flue gas denitration process.

NH₄OH, NaOH, Na₂CO₃, (NH₄)₂CO₃ and TMAOH were selected as the basic additive in the feedstock of propylene epoxidation reaction and their effects on the performance of TS-1 catalysis were evaluated by in-situ Raman spectrometry-gas chromatography. The experimental results suggested that the performance of the TS-1 catalyst was influenced significantly by the composition of feedstock. However, the presence of NH₄OH or (NH₄)₂CO₃ at a suitable concentration could improve the catalytic activity, selectivity and the stability of the TS-1 catalyst. When (NH₄)₂CO₃ concentration in feedstock was 8.0×10^-4mol/L, the best catalytic performance was obtained. The X(H₂O₂) still remained above 90% after a long-term run of 336h in a fixed-bed reactor. In-situ Raman-GC showed that the basic additive promoted the formation of the reactive intermediates Ti-OOH(η²) and accelerated the diffusion of reaction products from active centers.

With the help of a fixed bed unit, the effects of three types of catalysts (solid phosphoric acid catalyst, acidic ion exchange resin catalyst and modified molecular sieve catalyst) on the reaction of isobutylene oligomerization are studied. The experimental results show that the solid phosphoric acid catalyst is much suitable for the production of C₈ olefins, while the acidic cationic resin catalyst and the modified molecular sieve catalyst (Hβ) are suitable for the production of C₁₂ olefins. Since the oligomerization product of C₈—C₁₆ (clean fuel oil) is free of aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur-free, it owns great potential to be utilized widely in petrochemical industry. It also demonstrates that the selectivity of all the three catalysts can reach 100% when under optimal conditions. However the conversion of isobutylene of solid phosphoric acid catalyst and acidic ion resin catalyst is much lower than that of the modified molecular sieve catalyst. The largest conversion of isobutene is 88% when the Hβ is used in the isobutylene oligomerization.

CoPd/TiO₂catalysts modified by acids were used to catalyze the step-wise reaction of CH₄ and CO₂ to directly synthesize C₂-oxygenates（acetic acid and ethanol） under mildness conditions. The effect of the different introducing manners of acid and treatment of different acids on the activity and selectivity of catalysts was investigated at temperature between 150℃ and 300℃. All Catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPD, XPS, NH₃-TPD and N₂ adsorption. The formation rate and selectivity of C₂-oxygenates was markedly improved by acid modification. The performance and structure of catalysts were obviously affected by introducing manner of acid. High activity was observed on the catalyst which was prepared by first treating the TiO₂ support with acids then immobilizing Co and Pd. In the case of the treatment of H₃PO₄, HNO₃and HCl, the best activity was attained on the catalyst modified by H₃PO₄. The highest formation rate of C₂-oxygenates (acetic acid and ethanol) reached 3365μg/(g·h), while the highest selectivity of C₂-oxygenates was 91% at 150℃.

Sodium-ion batteries could be prepared from wide sources of raw materials and with low price, and thus have been recognized as a new generation of energy storage battery systems with excellent comprehensive performance. However, low energy density and limited cycle life are still major challenges hindering their wide applications. Based on the development experience of lithium-ion batteries, reasonable modification of sodium-ion batteries has been proven to be able to improve their electrochemical performance, especially in the established cathode system. In this review, the structure-performance characteristics of sodium-ion battery cathode materials, such as transition metal oxide, polyanionic compounds, Prussian Blue compounds and organic compounds, were analyzed. The latest research progress in the modification methods of nano-crystallization, surface coating, element doping,etc. was also systematically discussed in detail. Based on the existing researches, the effects of cathode materials modification were summarized, and the research directions of modification of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries were prospected. In the future research and design, improving the synthesis process to control the particle size, expanding the types of coating materials, gradient doping synergistic elements and looking for different structural characteristics of cathode materials are the research focus.

Radioactive pollution can cause serious ecological and environmental issues, and thus the appropriate treatment of the radioactive wastewater is in urgent demand for the environmental safety in China. The development of efficient technologies and materials is of great significance for the radioactive wastewater treatment. In recent decades, the nanomaterials, which has drawn more and more attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties, have been gradually used in the treatment of the radioactive wastewater and shown a good potential. This paper reviewed the research progress of the nanomaterial usage in the treatment of the radioactive wastewater, and summarized the properties and the application of nanomaterials as absorbent and membrane materials to remove the radioactive ions from wastewater. On one hand, nanomaterials with high specific surface area, which were fresh new adsorbents bearing numerous active sites and nanopores, can efficiently treat radioactive wastewater by adsorption. On the other hand, a variety of nanomaterials can be used as raw materials or additives in the membrane fabrication to increase the variety of raw materials and the regulatory dimensions and thus to improve traditional membranes by enhancing the removal efficiency of radionuclides from the wastewater. Finally, the screen criteria of appropriate nanomaterials for radioactive wastewater treatment was concluded, and several problems related to the application of nanomaterials in radioactive wastewater treatment were discussed.

Super-amphiphobic functional materials play an important role in contemporary chemical materials, and their unique interface properties make them outstanding in various fields. In this paper, the recent research progress of fluoropolymers in the field of super-amphiphobic at home and abroad is introduced, including the structural characteristics and synthesis methods of super-amphiphobic fluoropolymers. The surface of fluoropolymers has ultra-low surface energy and unique spatial arrangement. By comparing the relationship between fluoropolymers with different structures and their properties, as well as the synthesis methods of various fluoropolymers, the investigation shows that fluoropolymer is the most widely used as super super-amphiphobic coating material. Its fluorine-containing monomer is mainly fluorinated acrylate, and its synthesis methods are mostly emulsion polymerization. The combination of superhydrophobic fluoropolymers and nano-particle materials is a hotspot in current research. A large number of research examples are listed in this paper. It is hoped that the research methods and synthetic routes can play a reference role in future research.

Graphene/conductive polymer composite materials have tremendous application potential in the field of anticorrosion for metals due to the excellent barrier properties of graphene, the good redox properties of conductive polymer and their unique synergistic effects. The preparation methods of graphene/conductive polymer composite anticorrosion materials are reviewed in this paper, such as electrochemical method, chemical oxidation polymerization, dispersive solution mixing and chemical vapor deposition(CVD) as well. The application and properties of the composite materials in corrosion protection coatings are also summarized roundly. The prepared graphene/conductive polymer composite materials could form anticorrosion film by electrochemical method and solvent evaporation method, and also form composite protected coatings by incorporated into the film-forming resin. Advantages and disadvantages of the preparation process, application in anticorrosion film and composite protected coatings are discussed. It is proposed that fabricating the graphene/conductive polymer composite anticorrosion coatings with controlled structure and better combination properties is the main develop direction in the future.

Cation exchange membrane loaded with choline lysine ionic liquid ([Ch][Lys]) was prepared. The membrane properties were characterized, and its performance in separating 1-hexene/n-hexane by electrodialysis was studied. The results showed that the water content and the ion exchange capacity of the membrane increased with the increase of contents of the resin and the ionic liquid, while the surface resistance decreased with the increase of resin mass fraction, and increased with the increase of ionic liquid content. The addition of the ionic liquid in the membranes significantly improved their ability to separate 1-hexene/n-hexane. When the content of the ion exchange resin was 70% and the amount of the ionic liquid was 15%, the selectivity for 1-hexene separation reached 9.5.

In this paper, TiO₂ nanotubes were prepared using an anodic oxidation method, and their performance in the photocatalytic degradation of cefotaxime in wastewater was discussed. The TiO₂ nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The SEM images showed that the surface of the prepared titanium dioxide was porous and the inner diameter distribution was uniform. The diameters of the tubes were distributed in 30—45nm. The tube arrays were honeycomb-like and perpendicular to the surface of the titanium plate. Compared with the XRD images of the TiO₂ nanotubes before and after calcination, that after calcination showed the characteristic diffraction peaks of anatase and rutile types. The formation mechanism of TiO₂ nanotubes during the electrolysis process was discussed, which might include five stages: the formation of initial oxide layers, the architecture of pore nucleus, the evolution of pore nucleus into micropores, the growth of micropores with gap appearance, and the final formation of the target nanotube arrays.

The function of particle size to the transformation of aluminum hydroxide to boehmite under low temperature conditions were investigated by comprehensive thermal analysis technique, laser particle size analyzer (LPSA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Meanwhile, Kissinger equation, Ozawa equation and Crane equation were applied for analysis of the influence of particle size on phase transformation of aluminum hydroxide. The results showed that two clear endothermic peaks were appeared in the course of phase transformation of normal sandy aluminum hydroxide and grinded sandy aluminum hydroxide, and only one endothermic peak was appeared in the course of phase transformation of micron aluminum hydroxide which medium diameter was about 1μm. According to the results of calculations with Kissinger equation and Ozawa equation, the activation energy of phase transformation of aluminum hydroxide was decreased along with the decrease of particle size, which showed that a lower particle size was benefit for phase transformation from aluminum hydroxide to boehmite. The XRD of aluminum hydroxide after calcinations showed that the primary crystal phase was boehmite and the secondary crystal phase was gibbsite. The content of boehmite was increased with the decrease of particle size.

Micron rod-like alumina clusters were successfully prepared from γ-Al₂O₃ powder and ammonium bicarbonate by hydrothermal method. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time and material ratio on the morphology of rod-like alumina clusters were investigated. The physicochemical properties and structures of rod-like alumina clusters were analyzed by XRD, NMR, TEM, FTIR, SEM, N₂ adsorption-desorption and pyridine adsorption-desorption techniques. The results showed that the mass ratio of γ-Al₂O₃ powder to ammonium bicarbonate was 1∶1.75, the reaction temperature was 140℃, the reaction time was 6h and the diameter of the synthesized micron grade rod-like alumina clusters was 5—15μm. The micron-grade rod-like alumina cluster was formed by cross-stacking of rod-like alumina with a diameter of 50—100nm and a length of 0.5—3μm. The specific surface area was 300m²/g and pore volume was 0.67mL/g with dual pore distribution. The pore sizes were 3.5nm and 26nm, respectively. It also contained six coordination aluminum ions, five coordination aluminum ions and four coordination aluminum ions.

At present, the aerogels prepared from methyltrimethoxysilane mainly use methanol or ethanol as solvent, which has the problems of high preparation cost, poor thermal insulation performance and poor transparency. In order to substantially improve the preparation process and properties of the aerogel, a superhydrophobic compressible methylsilsesquioxane aerogel with high transparency was prepared by replacing the alcohol solvent with water solvent, compatibilizing by surfactant, sol-gel acid-base two-step method and CO₂ supercritical drying method. The influence of the trifunctional silicon source content on the molecular behavior of surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was analyzed. The results showed that in the aqueous solvent system, the increase of the trifunctional silicon source content could affect the morphology of surfactant micelles, which promoted the skeletal structure of aerogel changing from the uniformly distributed fibrous shape to the densely packed granular shape. In the study of the replacement process, it was found that when a strong alkaline aqueous solution was used instead of the conventional aqueous solution as a replacement liquid, there was a more efficient replacement efficiency, resulting in less residual impurities in the pores. As a result, there was almost no mass loss during thermogravimetric analysis at 0—300℃. The aerogel can be widely applied to the thermal insulation walls of buildings and the insulation layer of windows.

Ansamitocin was a benzoan antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of microorganisms (Actinosynnema pretiosum) and had significant antitumor activity. The fermentation broth was often separated and extracted by ethyl acetate. However, the composition of fermentation broth was complex. In addition to mycelium, the fermentation broth also contained many heteroproteins and pigments that were easily soluble in organic solvents, which had a great impact on subsequent extraction and refining, affecting product quality and recovery. In this paper, the AP-3 fermentation broth was properly pretreated. The AP-3 fermentation broth was adjusted to pH 3, and then filtered with 10g/L diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was collected, and 20g/L activated carbon was added to adsorb at 60℃for 2h. The activated carbon was desorbed with ethyl acetate as the eluent, and the dynamic elution equilibrium was reached after 2h. The eluent was subjected to neutral alumina column chromatography, and washed with ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. The elution was carried out by gradient elution, and finally the purity of AP-3 was 86.15%. After recrystallized, AP- 3 pure product was obtained, and its HPLC purity reached 95%.

Due to the shortcomings of the present preparation process of meropenem side chain intermediate (thiol lactone), such as high production cost, complex reaction route, many side reactions, low yield and crude product purity, a facile method for preparing thiol lactone was developed. It is prepared with one-pot method by activation of carboxyl group and hydroxyl group in M1 [(2S,4R)-2-carboxy-1-(4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine)], sulfurization to cyclization and phase transfer catalysis. Thiol lactone was subjected to a ring opening reaction to obtain meropenem side chain. Isopropyl chloroformate, MsCl(methylsulfonyl chloride), triethylamine(TEA), Na₂S·9H₂O and three types of phase transfer catalysts (polyethylene glycols (PEG), quaternary ammonium salts and crown ethers) were used. The effects of the molar ratio of the feed on the yield and product purity of the thiol lactone were studied. The addition of a phase transfer catalyst during the preparation of thiol lactone can both facilitate the reaction and increase the purity and yield of the product. When the molar ratio of M1∶isopropyl chloroformate∶MsCl∶Na₂S·9H₂O∶CTEA(TEA added during carboxyl activation)∶HTEA(TEA added during hydroxyl activation)∶catalyst was 1∶1∶1.3∶1.3∶1.3∶1.2∶(0.07—0.16), carboxyl activation and hydroxyl activation temperatures were -30—-17℃, the related reaction time was 15 min and 30min, respectively, the reaction temperature of vulcanization into a ring increased from -30—-17℃ to 0℃ in 30min for the reaction time, and then the reflux reaction of the separated organic phase in the temperature of 40℃ with a reaction time of 165min, the yield of thiol lactone was 98.4% with the purity of 98.3%.

In order to prepare natural antibacterial finishing agent for cotton fabric, the antibacterial microcapsules were prepared by complex coagulation with compound extract of amaranth, sunflower and cypress as core material and chitosan-gelatin as wall material. The effects of emulsifier content, shear speed and pH on the appearance morphology and size of microcapsules were studied. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial microcapsules were used in the finishing of cotton fabric and its antibacterial properties were tested. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions were as follows: the mass fraction of emulsifier in colostrum was 5%, the shear rate was 8000r/min, and the pH was 5.7; the prepared microcapsules had a size distribution between 1480nm and 3580nm and good thermal stability; when the mass concentration of microcapsule was 25g/L, the mass fraction of adhesive was 5% and the hot drying temperature was 40℃, the bacteriostatic rate of the finished sample against Staphylococcus aureus andEscherichia coli was 89.30% and 81.43%, respectively, and the bacteriostatic effect was lasting.

In order to expand the application range of humic acid, the magnetic humic acid adsorbent (MHA) were prepared byco-precipitation method. The structure was characterized by FTIR, XRD, BET and VSM. The adsorption behavior for Cu(Ⅱ) onto MHA was also studied. It was disclosed that the adsorption isotherm conformed to the Langmuir adsorption model, showing single layer adsorption. The adsorption kinetics can be described as the pseudo-second-order model, illustrating the adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) on the MHA was chemisorption. Adsorption thermodynamics indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous at 25—55°C. The results showed that MHA was a highly efficient, sustainable adsorbent for Cu(Ⅱ) and provided a new insight for the design of biomass adsorbents.

In order to expand the utilization of municipal excess sludge, activated sludge biochar particles (SBC) were prepared by using excess sludge pellets as raw materials under high temperature and oxygen limitation. At the same time, activated sludge biochar particles modified by alumina (SBC-Al) were obtained by impregnating sludge pellets with alumina hydroxide sol as precursor at 500°C. Biochar particles were characterized by BET, XRD, FTIR and SEM. The adsorption characteristics and effects of Pb(Ⅱ) on biochar particles before and after modification were studied. The results showed that the specific surface area and total pore volume of SBC-Al were 83.266m²/g and 0.158cm³/g, respectively, which increased by 142.42% and 167.80% compared with SBC. XRD showed that alumina sol impregnation loaded the SBC-Al surface with γ-Al₂O₃ particles. FTIR spectra showed that alumina modification might increase the number of functional groups on the surface of carbon particles. Meanwhile, SEM showed that SBC-Al surface had more lamellar structure than SBC, thus increasing the adsorption performance of biochar particles. The adsorption kinetics of Pb(Ⅱ) conforms to the second-order kinetics equation and Elovich equation. At the same time, the two-stage intraparticle diffusion model can be used to fit the adsorption kinetics of Pb(Ⅱ). The adsorption isotherm is based on Freundlich model, and the removal rates of low concentration (＜50mg/L) Pb(Ⅱ) by SBC and SBC-Al are higher than 95% and 99%, respectively. The maximum adsorption amounts can reach 626.73mg/g and 663.97mg/g, respectively. However, SBC-Al improves the removal rates of higher concentration (50—100mg/L) Pb(Ⅱ). Thermodynamic calculation data showed that the adsorption process is endothermic reaction. Desorption and desorption experiments showed that biochar particles have good recycling performance.

VOCs emission occurs in the process of coal combustion and would lead to air pollution. In this work, Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu modified Ce-V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalysts were prepared and their catalytic behavior ino-xylene removal from flue gas were investigated. The experimental results indicated that Mn modified and Fe modified Ce-V₂O₅/TiO₂catalysts exhibited superioro-xylene removal efficiencies at low and high temperature ranges, respectively. Besides, the effects of complex flue gas components on the catalytic activities were investigated. The results indicated that all components in the flue gas including H₂O, SO₂, NH₃ and NO lead to reduce the catalysts efficiency, and the strongest inhibition occured when NH₃ was added in the flue gas. Different modified catalysts reacted differently for the flue gas components. The Fe-modified Ce-V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst had the strongest anti-toxicity. Characterization results indicated that Fe-modified Ce-V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst had the high surface area and strong redox property, which made it had the highest catalytic activity and strongest anti-poisoning property. Fe modified Ce-V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst had the potential to be used in industrial for VOCs removal from coal combustion flue gas.

The nano-Mg(OH)₂ with different morphologies was prepared by the chemical precipitation using magnesium chloride and natural bischofite obtained from the Qarhan Salt Lake as the raw material, respectively. The surface morphology, crystal structure and surface functional group of the synthesized catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained materials were firstly used for the catalytic ozonation process. The degradation and mineralization of metronidazole by two nano-Mg(OH)₂ catalysts [Mg(OH)₂-1 and Mg(OH)₂-2] with different morphologies were investigated. The results showed that the degradation and mineralization efficiency of metronidazole in the single ozonation process within 10min reached 51.9% and 17.4%, respectively. The addition of Mg(OH)₂-1 or Mg(OH)₂-2 into the ozonation system caused a significant improvement for the removal and mineralization efficiency of metronidazole. The catalytic ozonation performance of Mg(OH)₂-2 was better than that of Mg(OH)₂-1. The pseudo-first order kinetic model had a good fitness (R²＞0.97) for the removal of metronidazole in the single ozonation process, Mg(OH)₂-1 catalytic ozonation process and Mg(OH)₂-2 catalytic ozonation process. In addition, the stability and reusability of these two different nano-Mg(OH)₂ catalysts were also evaluated. The results indicated that these two nano-Mg(OH)₂ still maintained high metronidazole removal efficiency even after six repeated runs. Therefore, the synthesized nano-Mg(OH)₂ with different morphologies will be a promising ozonation catalyst for the removal of antibiotics.

In order to study energy utilization efficiency in the process of coke oven multi-heat recovery, three subsystems of waste heat recovery in coke plant were analyzed based on the analysis theory, and the weak links of energy utilization in the process of waste heat recovery were pointed out. The results showed that the exergy efficiency of the three studied systems as coke dry quenching, raw coke oven gas and flue gas were 55.16%, 17.18% and 51.75%, respectively. The main exergy loss of coke dry quenching system is irreversible heat transfer loss in the process of heat transfer. Exergy loss of raw coke oven gas system is mainly outlet exergy loss and irreversible heat transfer loss and the main exergy loss of flue gas system is outlet exergy loss. On this basis, the original plan was optimized according to the principle of energy matching and utilization of different grades, and exergy analysis theory was used to calculate and analyze it. The results showed that the total exergy efficiency of the waste heat recovery system after optimization was 58.72%, which was 11.07% higher than that before optimization, while overall irreversible replacement loss of exergy of the system decreased by 155.49MJ/t dry coal.

Compared with the general mercury removal adsorbent, magnetic attapulgite (MAtp) modified by magnetic iron oxide is easier to separate and recover and has potential for practical application, but the efficiency is to be improved. In this paper, MAtp with magnetic content of 50% was selected and modified by impregnation method. The fixed bed experimental system was used to investigate the effect of CuCl₂ content, reaction temperature and flue gas components (O₂, SO₂, NO, HCl). Meanwhile, combined with a variety of characterization results, the adsorbent’s mercury removal mechanism was analyzed. The result showed that the optimum CuCl₂ content was 5%. The reaction temperature in a certain range was positively correlated with the mercury removal efficiency. When the temperature exceeded 250℃, the pore structure of the adsorbent was destroyed and desorption occured. O₂ and HCl promoted the adsorption of Hg⁰ obviously, while the influence of NO was small. SO₂ could compete with Hg⁰ for adsorption, and the inhibition effect was remarkable. The mercury removal of CuCl₂-modified MAtp was excellent, and the magnetic separation characteristics were continued, providing research directions in finding highly efficient and practical mercury removal sorbents.

Most of the VOC emissions from a refinery or a petrochemical plant correspond to fugitive emissions from numerous leakage points and irregular vents. These emissions are spread across the industrial sites and may vary significantly over time and space, and aggregate large area sources or large volume sources on the whole, and therefore this is rather difficult to achieve on both high spatial and temporal coverage in the monitoring. This paper reviews the present status and developments of VOC emission monitoring techniques, including point monitoring, open path monitoring, cross section monitoring and flux monitoring. It summarizes the main problems and technical difficulties in monitoring fugitive emissions of VOCs from a refinery or a petrochemical plant and also suggests a framework system and alternative supporting monitoring techniques for such emissions. In summary, the fugitive VOC emissions monitoring of a refinery or a petrochemical plant is faced with many problems and technical challenges including high uncertainty in emission inventories, difficulty to monitor and trace fugitive resources, irregularity in emission plumes migration and diffusion, impossibility to fully cover open space in monitoring fenceline emissions, limited time and space coverage in routine monitoring,etc. It is hence necessary to establish a multicomponent, three-dimensional, VOC fugitive emission monitoring system to cover the emission and their impact on adjacent communities. It is suggested that such a system should be based on various types of new monitoring techniques (point-, open path, cross section and flux) in combination with routine monitoring (off line, real time, emission flux and mobile quick response). In future, fugitive VOC emissions monitoring of a refinery or a petrochemical plant will be developed towards multi-dimensional, multi-level, intelligent and big data applications.