In this work, adsorption, activation, and reactivity of NH₃ and NO on the selective catalytic reduction （SCR） catalysts and the effects of H₂O and SO₂ on the reaction behaviors of NH₃ and NO were reviewed. The analysis shows that the co-reaction between the H-abstraction products of the adsorbed NH₃ and the adsorbed NO species (or gas phase NO) is the key to determine the NH₃ reactivity and the final SCR product. The gas phase NO could react with the H-abstraction products of the adsorbed NH₃ directly (Eley-Rideal mechanism). In addition, a lot of conversion products, such as nitrites and nitrates species, could form after NO was adsorbed and activated on the catalyst surface. These species could also react with adsorbed NH₃ species (Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism). This is another important pathway for NO to participate in the SCR reaction, especially at low temperature. It is beneficial for the adsorption and conversion of NH₃ and NO to enhance the catalyst acidity and redox ability. The effects of H₂O and SO₂ on the catalyst are influenced by the temperature. At high temperature, the effect of H₂O on the catalyst is very little, while the catalyst acidity could be enhanced by SO₂, which enhance NH₃ adsorption. At low temperature, however, the adsorption and conversion of NO could be inhibited severely by H₂O and SO₂, especially the SO₂. The accumulation of ammonia sulphate and the conversion of active sites to sulphate could result in severe deactivation of the catalyst. Therefore, it is still a severe challenge to improve the H₂O and SO₂ resistance ability for developing low temperature SCR catalyst. It is of great significance to increase the catalyst temperature to decompose the nitrate and sulfate to regenerate the catalyst in operation.

Liquid-liquid two-phase flow in microchannels plays an important role in micro-chemical engineering. Understanding the role of liquid-liquid two-phase flow, mixing and mass transfer in microchannels is of great importance for improving its industrial applications. This paper mainly focused on the liquid-liquid two-phase flow in microchannels, summarized the different flow patterns and mass transfer coefficients of the liquid-liquid two-phase flow under different operating conditions. The influence of various factors including features of microchannels, properties and flow rates of fluids on the formation of flow patterns and mass transfer coefficients were analyzed. It was pointed out that most of researches on liquid-liquid two-phase flow in microchannels were qualitative. Quantitative researches were aimed at the specific systems and the results haven a few limitations. Moreover, researches on mass transfer of liquid-liquid two-phase flow in microchannels are conducted experimentally and there are relatively few numerical simulations. Thus, the following studies should be considered to establish the database based on the fundamental researches of liquid-liquid two-phase flow. Based on the analysis of numerous data the criteria of regime classification and empirical formulas should be gained for improving its industrial applications. The numerical simulation models were deserved to develop the effective evaluation mechanisms on mass transfer efficiency in liquid-liquid two-phase flow.

Blast wave is one of the important escalation factors of Domino effect in chemical industry parks. Based on the literature analysis, the inadequacies of current research on vulnerability of chemical equipment subjected to blast wave were pointed out, from the four aspects of the intensity characterization of blast wave, the dynamic response of equipment damage, the damage probability of equipment and the vulnerability analysis. It was suggested that the characteristic of overpressure history curve and energy spectrum about different explosion types, quantitative study on spatial distribution parameter model or lumped parameter model, damage probability methods based on the structural reliability and the vulnerability analysis of blast wave intensity parameters and equipment resistance parameters should be further studied. Based on these, the flow chart of the vulnerability of chemical equipment subjected to blast wave was built. The critical sections of equipment vulnerability analysis were the reliability method of lumped parameter and stochastic finite element method. The review can be considered as the reference for enhancing the reliability and accuracy of quantitative risk assessment of domino effect.

Fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FB-CVD) technology is a cross coupling of chemical fluidized bed technology and chemical vapor deposition material preparation technology. It has many advantages, such as high heat transport rate, homogenous concentration field and has important applications in the preparation of advanced nuclear fuel, but more improvements should be considered for the development of modern nuclear fuels. Research progress of several aspects of fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition technology in our research group, such as the fabrication of TRISO particles in high temperature gas cooled reactor, advanced nuclear fuel coated particles, tracer particles of spherical fuel element, SiC nanoparticles and SiC@Al₂O₃ composite nanoparticles used as fuel element matrix were summarized. The basic concept, experimental process and typical results were given. The actual problems combined with the long-term research experience of fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition process worthy of researcher’s attention were also proposed, including several main aspects, such as reactor scale-up and continuous production, nozzle accretion and temperature profile control, powders collection system and new reactor design, especially about scale-up of high density particle steady fluidization state and sub-structure design of fluidized bed.

Hydraulic experiments were carried out on two types of combined directed valve tray. The entrainment and related hydraulics data of two 1 m diameter trays with different float valve arrangement were measured. The geometric model was established according to the structural and size parameters of experimental trays and the flow field of combined directed valve tray was simulated with Fluent 6.3.26, and the flow pattern characteristics was investigated. The simulation results of clear liquid height and entrainment agreed well with experimental data, which proved the validity of simulation. The entrainment and liquid backflow of two trays were analyzed and the results showed that the entrainment and liquid backflow could be efficiently decreased by properly arranging trapezoidal float valves with stronger oriented ability instead of rectangular float valves on tray. The average entrainment of experimental and simulation results decreased by 13.4% and 10.6%, respectively, while the average of backflow ratio decreased by 12.8%. This research results showed that CFD simulation was expected to provide a guidance for arrangement of two types of float valve and optimization design of the tray.

In order to solve the problem of separating diphenyl ether in tar and its upgrading products, the phase equilibrium for diphenyl ether-carbon dioxide were measured at 313.15—353.15K in the pressure ranges of 8—18MPa, which provided fundamental information for designing separation process. The phase equilibrium data were measured by a flow-type visualization apparatus at high pressure. The measured data were correlated using the Peng-Robinson (PR) and Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equations of state (EOS) in combination with the mixing rules of Quadratic, Adachi-Sugie (AS) and Mathias-Klotz-Prausnitz (MKP). The correlation results demonstrated that PR and SRK equations of state with the AS mixing rule can obtain relatively accurate correlation results, whereas the traditional quadratic mixing rule lead to relatively large errors in the ranges investigated. In addition, the correlation also showed that after selecting the appropriate mixing rule, the selection of the EOS had little effect on the correlation result. It can be concluded that as for the asymmetric mixtures such as low volatility liquids and carbon dioxide, the key to simulate the phase equilibrium was the selection of appropriate mixing rules.

The hydrogen network integration and optimization method was extended to the water network, based on hydrogen surplus and the conceptual integration method. Through analyzing impurity concentration, an impurity deficit graphical integration and optimization method was proposed for water network with regeneration reuse, which did not require trial and iteration. For the water network without regeneration reuse, the position of the pinch point and the minimum fresh water could be identified by constructing concentration-flowrate diagram and impurity deficit diagram. Furthermore, for the water network with regeneration, the relation between the fresh water consumption saving and impurity removal rate, regenerated water flowrate and concentration was deduced. The diagram was developed to identify the variation of fresh water consumption along these parameters, the location of the pinch point, the maximum fresh water savings, the limiting and the optimal regeneration parameters under a certain conditions. Case study shows that this method is simple and efficient, and can be applied to reduce fresh water consumption and wastewater discharge for different operating conditions, as well as provide important reference for process design and operation.

The static stress distribution of powders is one of the important parameters in the design and operation of the silo. The stress distribution in the hopper was studied in the three-dimensional plexiglass bin. The horizontal stress and vertical stress of the silo were measured using pressure sensor. The distribution rules of stress in the silo were obtained and analyzed theoretically based on arch effect. The results show that the horizontal stress in the silo is basically independent of the distance from the outlet and the center of the silo. The horizontal stress on the wall reaches its maximum at the cone-cylinder junction and increases greatly with the increase of the feeding height. The maximum vertical stress in the silo appears at the center of the silo near the cone junction. In the same horizontal section, the vertical stress decreases gradually from the center to wall of the silo. With the increase of the feeding height, vertical stress increased gradually. At the wall, the lateral stress ratio increases first and then decreases with the increase of the height from the outlet, and is greater than 1 at the cone-cylinder junction.

Periodic entire cross-section computation model of twisty flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger is established, and the reliability of numerical simulation method and its results is verified by contrast experiment. The major factors affecting the heat transfer and flow resistance performance on shell side fluid of twisty flow heat exchanger include the spacing between two adjacent groups of trapezoidal baffles, the width of baffles, the inclination angle of baffles and the number of per group of baffles. The various parameters influencing heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and comprehensive performance on shell side fluid of twisty flow heat exchanger are studied by designing orthogonal experiment, and the structural parameters with significant effect are optimized. The results show that in the range of research parameters, the main and secondary order which influence the comprehensive performance on shell side fluid of twisty flow heat exchanger are that the spacing between two adjacent groups of trapezoidal baffles > the number of per group of baffles > the inclination angle of baffles > the width of baffles. The optimal structural parameters of combination considered comprehensive performance should be that the spacing between two adjacent groups of trapezoidal baffles is 100mm, the number of per group of baffles is 2,the inclination angle of baffles is 52.5° and the width of baffles is 100mm, then the comprehensive performance is 114.9. The results of the study provide a new method for multi-objective optimization of shell-side structural parameters of shell-and-tube heat exchanger which has certain guiding significance.

Reversed flow jet loop reactor is a new equipment for strengthening the gas-liquid two-phase reaction process. Although it has been widely used in the industry, its theoretical research is far from mature, and the design of its industrial device still depends on experiment and experience. In this paper, the influential law of annular gas holdup in reversed flow jet loop reactor was studied by a self-made experimental equipment. First, inspiratory volume of ejector was measured, and the performance curve of the maximum inspiratory volume of ejector was obtained under different conditions. On this basis, the influence of gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, and ejector installation position on annular gas holdup was studied. Results show that gas flow rate and liquid flow rate had significant effect on gas holdup. Gas holdup was rapidly enhanced with the increasing of gas flow rate and liquid flow rate. While the influence of nozzle position on the gas holdup was relatively small. Considering the energy consumption and equipment cost of increasing gas phase flow and liquid flow rate, the preferred scheme is achieved by increasing the liquid flow rate.

Given the backdrop of China’s coal-rich but oil and gas-short condition, the utilization rate of coal is not high. Developing the coal-to-liquid (CTL) technologies has a great potential for coal applications. Because supercritical fluids (SCF) have high solubility for a variety of organic compounds, they have been widely used to upgrade coal tar. This paper summarized the effect of operating parameters on the process of supercritical fluid upgrading coal tar, and the reaction mechanism, with a focuson the analysis of supercritical water (SCW) and supercritical methanol (SC-MeOH). Previous studies found that the SCW and SC-MeOH could modify coal tar mainly through the physical dissolution and dispersion. The SC-MeOH can also produce hydrogen but its capacity of supplying hydrogen is limited. Therefore, the addition of catalysts, free radical initiators, and hydrogenation were discussed to enhance supercritical coal tar upgrading process. Future research may focus on the combination of SCF extraction and reaction, developing and applying new types of SCF and catalysts.

The fusibility of two types of Zhundong coal (ZDA and ZDB) ashes and the mixtures with coal gangue (CG) ash was studied by ash fusion test using X-ray diffractometry and X-ray spectrometry. The effect of acid to basic ratio, ash chemistry and mineral transformation on ash fusion temperatures (AFTs) was investigated for both individual and blending ash samples. The results showed that the ash fusion temperature of ZDA was obviously lower than that of ZDB due to more fluxing minerals including augite and hematite in ZDA ash, whilst refractory minerals including yeelinmite and merwinite in the ZDB ash. The AFTs of both blending ashes decreasd first and then increased with the increase in ZDA/CG or ZDB/CG ash ratio. The minimum AFTs were observed with the CG ash ratios of 40% and 60%, respectively. The deformation temperature and flow temperature were mainly attributed to the difference of CaO and Fe₂O₃ weight ratio, as the acid to basic ratio of ZDA/CG was similar to that of ZDB/CG. Compared to the sodium-containing minerals, the calcium-containing minerals play a more important role in the ash fusion characteristics for the high-alkali coal ash. Furthermore, the basic data was obtained for improving ash deposition behavior of Zhundong coal ash in this study.

SSZ-13 zeolite has been widely used in many fields because of its special pore structure and physicochemical properties. Some conventional synthesis methods of SSZ-13 zeolite in recent years are summarized, including hydrothermal synthesis, solid grinding, dry-gel conversion, interzeolite conversion and ultrasound, microwave or seed addition assisted synthesis, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. In addition, the effects of templates, the composition and ratio of raw materials, and the crystallization conditions on the synthesis of SSZ-13 zeolite are presented. Finally, the effects of metallic additives and pore structure on the catalytic performance of SSZ-13 zeolite are discussed, which suggests that the modification methods and the catalytic mechanism of SSZ-13 zeolite will be the hot topics in the future.

Hydroamination is an important and atom-economical route for the synthesis of amines through the direct addition of N—H bond to C—C multiple bond. This process is of great significance for the preparation of nitrogen-containing compounds. In this review，the mechanism of hydroamination was first presented. Four kinds of metal catalysts i.e, Au，Ag，Cu and Zn，which were typical representatives of group IB and IIB，were discussed in detail in terms of their activation modes in the hydroamination of amines and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The advantages and disadvantages of these metal catalysts in the thermocatalytic system of hydroamination were analyzed. In homogeneous systems, the reaction temperature is low, but the operation were very complicated and the catalyst cannot be recycled, while the recycle of catalyst can be realized in heterogeneous systems, which in turn face the problem of high reaction temperature. Therefore, it is very important to develop high efficient green catalytic system operated under mild conditions. In addition， the potential of photocatalytic technology in hydroamination is prospected, and it is an important development direction for non-precious metals in the preparation of high efficient catalytic hydroamination under mild conditions by using visible light in the future.

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is an important raw material in organic industry. It is widely used in the production of organic glass (PMMA), plastic modifier and surface coating and so on. It has a very broad development prospect and many synthetic routes have been adopted for its production. This paper reviews the development of the ethylene route for the preparation MMA. Ethylene is used as the starting material the intermediates such as propionaldehyde, propionic acid and methyl propionate may be obtained through the carboxylation reaction. Therefore, there are three routes to prepare MMA by the aldol condensation reaction based on these intermediates, and their development trend is also summarized. The aldol condensation reaction of these intermediates with formaldehyde is the key step of ethylene route, so the research status of aldol condensation reaction and its catalysts are emphasized in this paper. At present, V, Si, P based acid catalysts and K, Cs based basic catalysts are often used in the gas phase catalytic aldol condensation reaction. Among them, the Cs-based catalysts are the most widely studied. The activity, selectivity, stability of the catalysts are affected by the supports, promoters, preparations and process conditions. To improve the performance of the catalysts, it is necessary to strengthen the basic researches on the mechanism for aldol condensation reaction, and the acid-base composite catalysts are also the key research direction in the future.

The Co/ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by extruding strip forming method and were characterized by XRD, BET, H₂-TPR, NH₃-TPD and particle radial crushing (side pressure) strength tests. The activity stability tests of the catalysts for catalytic decomposition of N₂O were carried out in a fixed-bed micro reactor. It was found that the cobalt spices in the catalysts were Co₃O₄ and the type of peptizers obviously influenced the mechanical strength of catalysts. The amount of adhesive also influenced the mechanical strength, the amount of acid centers, redox properties and the activities of the catalysts. Co/ZSM-5(N-50) catalyst was prepared with nitric acid as peptizer and SB powder (mass fraction of 30% and 50%) as adhesive. It has strong mechanical strength (208N/cm and 230N/cm, respectively) and the T ₉₅ for N₂O decomposition were 485℃ and 500℃, respectively. Under the simulated industrial tail gas (φ {}_{{\mathrm{N}}_2\mathrm{O}} =11%, φ {}_{{\mathrm{O}}_2} =16% and N₂ as balance gas) condition, when the reaction temperature was 446℃ and space velocity was 6000h^-1 in the fixed-bed micro reactor, the Co/ZSM-5(N-50) catalyst showed prominent stability, and the N₂O decomposition conversion was above 98% in a 1000h test.

In order to overcome the problems of chlorine loss and equipment corrosion caused by conventional alumina-type catalytic reforming catalyst, the Mg²⁺ modified zeolite L carrier (MgL) was obtained by ion exchange method and then the platinum supported reforming catalyst (Pt/MgL) without any chlorine was prepared by impregnation method. Characterizations by the use of XRD, N₂ adsorption-desorption, NH₃-TPD and Py-IR were carried out to analyze the physical properties of KL and MgL. Catalytic aromatization performance of the prepared reforming catalyst was investigated in a continuous-flow fixed-bed micro-reaction evaluation unit in which the industrial hydrofining naphtha with sulfur content of 0.50μg/mL was used as the feedstock. The results showed that the framework structure of zeolite L was not destroyed by the Mg²⁺ ion exchange. The presence of Mg²⁺ increased obviously the acid content and acid strength of the carrier, and thus the Mg²⁺ modified catalyst Pt/MgL promoted remarkably the aromatization performance. Proper high acidity played a significant role in the aromatization reaction over zeolite L reforming catalyst.

ZSM-5 catalysts with different pore structures and acidities were modified by alkali treatment and Zn introduction. The obtained catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption, XRD, TEM, NH₃-TPD and TG techniques, and the influences of crystal size, mesoporous structure and Zn metal additive on the catalytic performance of ZSM-5 for conversion of methanol to aromatics (MTA) were investigated in addition to the catalyst evaluation. The results indicated that after the formation of mesopore via alkali treatment, the pore volume of the catalysts increased, and the total acid amount decreased. The external surface area of the micro-ZSM-5 increased significantly but that of the nano-ZSM-5 decreased after alkali treatment. The surface area, crystallinity and total acid amount of ZSM-5 were decreased after the introduction of Zn species. MTA reaction was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at 430℃ and WHSV of 2h^-1 under 0.5MPa and the Zn-loaded micron catalyst exhibited high acid amount, high aromatic selectivity of 85.11% and BTX selectivity of 66.85% in liquid hydrocarbons, but a short catalytic lifetime of only 12 hours. Compared with the unmodified nano-ZSM-5, the Zn-promoted mesoporous nano-ZSM-5 increased the aromatic selectivity from 65.20% to 80.82%, and the BTX value from 42.30% to 49.56%. The catalyst still displayed good catalytic stability when space velocity was up to 8h^-1 and the catalytic lifetime could reach 84h. This work demonstrated that mesopore fabricating of nano-ZSM-5 catalyst by alkali treatment and then introducing Zn could effectively improve its MTA performance.

p-Thiocresol was chosen as the model substrate to study the catalytic oxidative coupling of mercaptan to disulfides with air as oxidant. A series of supported metal oxides were prepared by the incipient-wetness impregnation method using activated carbon as the support. The catalytic oxidative coupling of p-thiocresol to p-toyldisulfide over the supported metal oxides catalysts was studied. The reaction results indicate the activated carbon supported iron oxide showed the best catalytic performance. The supported iron oxide catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, XPS and TEM. The characterization results indicate iron oxide is in the form of Fe₂O₃ and the nanoparticles are highly dispersed on the activated carbon. The best Fe₂O₃/AC catalyst achieved a high yield of p-toyldisulfide (97.4%) with the reaction temperature of 50℃ for 30min and the catalyst calcinated at 400℃ with Fe loading of 5%. The Fe₂O₃/AC catalyst could be used for 5 times without significant loss of activity.

Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs） are featured by high surface area, tunable pore sizes, designable structures, and easy functionalization. In recent years, MOFs have attracted considerable interests. Among them, the composite materials based on MOFs have played an increasing role in the catalytic degradation of organic compounds in aqueous solutions, which has become an important research direction of MOFs. In this work, the research and applications on the degradation of organic pollutions catalyzed by MOFs composite materials are reviewed. The characteristics of MOFs and the loading methods of MOFs composite materials are introduced. Meanwhile, the mechanisms and the existing problems are described. Finally, the research directions of MOFs composite materials on the catalytic degradation of organic compounds in aqueous solutions are the preparation of new highly stable materials with versatile morphology and good crystallinity, and new preparation methods of MOFs and composite materials.

The use of adsorption materials for oil-water separation is an economic and very effective method. The sorbents mainly include inorganic materials, synthetic polymers, natural organic fiber materials, and so on. Among them, natural organic fiber materials are renewable biomass resources and have extensive sources and good biodegradability, which can effectively prevent secondary pollution, and thus have received considerable attention recently. The factors influencing the stability of oil-water emulsions are briefly introduced. Then, we summarize the research progress on the separation mechanism, fabrication method and separation performance of the materials for oil-water separation. Meanwhile, characterization methods of the sorbents for emulsion separation and evaluation indicators of their separation performance are also summarized. In particular, we focus on the research progresses of natural organic fiber-based sorbents for separating oil-water emulsions. Finally, it is indicated that investigating the sorbents based on smart responsive natural organic fiber for oil-water emulsion separation is an important development direction.

Ion imprinted electrochemical sensor (IIES), a combination of ion imprinting technology and electrochemical detection, can be used for efficient detection of trace water-soluble metal ions. IIES shows a good application prospect in determination of heavy metals and radioactive elements, and in recovery of precious metals. In an effort to stimulate further work on the IIES, we introduce the preparation methods of IIES and the latest research advances of different metal ion sensors, and review the properties of different IIES, including sensibility, selectivity, detection range and stability based on the transition elements, main group elements, and rare earth/actinide elements in the periodic table. It is pointed out that there are still some problems in current research such as immature preparation methods and strict system requirements. The challenges, possible solutions and future trends in IIES developments are provided as well. In particular, more attention should be placed in the IIES construction from rare earth elements and alkali metals such as lithium, in addition to the development of functional monomers, screening of cross-linking agents and new preparation techniques.

4,4'-aiazostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid disodium salt (DAS) is an aromatic compound with two azido and sulfonic acid groups. When reacting with terminal alkynyl via Cu(Ⅰ)-catalyzed click chemistry reaction, the azido group produces triazole. Under UV irradiation, it also generates highly active nitrene radicals, which can be easily inserted into polymer chains. In this paper, the click chemistry reaction on DAS is briefly introduced. In addition, the photochemical cross-linking mechanism of DAS and its advantages are demonstrated. The recent applications of DAS in different fields of lithography, separators of batteries, molecular imprinting, medical materials, drug release, ion exchange membranes, and etc., are introduced and its developing prospect is made. Furthermore, combining DAS with graphene, metal organic framework material (MOF), polyelectrolyte, aliphatic polymer, and etc., and designing novel azide molecules similar to DAS are suggested to extend its applications. An outlook of exploring the UV reaction mechanism and the insertion of azide groups through controlling the conditions has been proposed.

Biomass has been widely applied to the research on synthesizing acrylonitrile due to its characteristics such as abundance in nature, environmentally friendliness and recyclability. In this article, the ongoing research in the process of acrylonitrile synthesis was reviewed, focusing on renewable biomass resource including glycerol, glutamic acid and 3-hydroxypropionic acid. Three processes using different catalysts were introduced and discussed, including two steps (dehydration and ammoxidation) of glycerol, decarboxylation from glutamic acid and nitrilation of 3-hydroxypropionic acid. The yield of acrylonitrile using the first process was around 60%, which was much less than 80%+ of propene ammoxidation process. Besides, catalyst used in the process has a poor stability because of carbonaceous deposits. Therefore, increasing acrylonitrile yield and catalyst stability would be the primary goals in the future research. The advantage of the second process is significant without ammonia feedstock, while the process is more complex and less environmentally friendly. The yield of acrylonitrile was no more than 20%, so further exploration of the optimal process and catalytic performance should be included in future research. As for the third process, the absence of oxygen feedstock from the reaction sharply reduced the production of carbon oxides and side products, especially hydrogen cyanide. The acrylonitrile yield of this process exceeded over 90%, which is far beyond than that of propene ammoxidation process. Thus, nitrilation process of 3-hydroxypropionic acid provides a cost-comparable, sustainable route to acrylonitrile, which makes it possible to produce low-cost PAN carbon fibers in domestic market.

β-Cyclodextrin is a supramolecular host molecule in which seven D-glucopyranose units are bonded to each other via an α-1,4-glycosidic bond and has an excellent molecular recognition ability because of its unique structure of hydrophilic external cavity and hydrophobic internal cavity. Graphene oxide-based materials are a research hotspot in recent years due to their excellent properties. The supramolecular hybrid consisted of β-cyclodextrin and graphene oxide has the unique properties of the two and the new functions. The preparation method of β-cyclodextrin-graphene oxide supramolecular hybrid was reviewed. There were two kinds of connection methods with the covalent bond and non-covalent bond according to the connection mode, of which the covalent bond connection was the important method to prepare the β-cyclodextrin-graphene oxide supramolecular hybrid for the present. The characteristics and characterization of β-cyclodextrin-graphene oxide supramolecular hybrid were briefly described. Meanwhile, the applications of β-cyclodextrin-graphene oxide supramolecular hybrid in water pollution treatment, electrochemical detection, pharmaceuticals controlled release and catalysis were reviewed, respectively. Finally, the development directions of this supramolecular hybrid in preparation and application were prospected.

Ternary composite phase change material is prepared from sodium acetate, stearic acid and stearyl alcohol. Composite material could effectively reduce the phase separation and supercooling degree of inorganic phase change material and improve the thermal conductivity of organic phase change material. The performance of charging and discharging of the ternary composite phase charge material with sodium acetate, stearic acid and stearyl alcohol is investigated in a double-pipe heat exchanger. The effect of the temperature and flow of hot water on the process of heat charge and discharge is studied. The movement of phase interface is also analyzed, based on the results of CFD numerical simulation and experiment. The experimental results show that natural convection is the dominant way of heat transfer during the heat charge, but heat conduction plays the leading role during the heat discharge. The time required for heat charge is less than that for heat discharge. The upper phase interface of the phase change material moves significantly faster than the lower one during the heat charge process, while both the upper and the lower phase interfaces uniformly moves in the radial direction during the heat discharge process.

The waste water from chemical milling of aluminum-lithium alloy(CMW) has caused severe environmental problem. The CMW is for the first time treated to prepared nano-flaky γ-AlOOH with excellent adsorption performance for dye. The NaAlO₂ in the CMW was treated at room temperature for 5min in the presence of H₂O₂，leading to nano-flaky γ-AlOOH with a specific surface area of 278m²/g. The effects of H₂O₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio [（5∶1）—(15∶1）] on the structure，morphology and crystallinity of the synthesized γ-AlOOH were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD）， scanning electron microscopy（SEM）， Fourier transform infrared analysis（FTIR） and N₂ adsorption-desorption. The analysis shows that the crystallinity，crystal size and the chemical group content of the γ-AlOOH increase with the H₂O₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio，and the specific surface area has risen from 137m²/g to 278m²/g. The usability of the γ-AlOOH is evaluated by adsorption of methylene blue（MB）. The nano-flaky γ-AlOOH had a good adsorption performance for MB，and the adsorption isotherm fits well with the Langmuir model and maximum adsorption capacity is 173.30mg/g. Therefore, the γ-AlOOH synthesized from CMW has a high application value as a high-efficient adsorbent for dye removal from waste water.

Microencapsulation red phosphorus (MRP) were generally prepared by in-situ method at present. While the preparation process was complex and the shell raw material may do harm to environment. To solve the problem above, biodegradable material ethyl cellulose (EC) was selected as shell material of MRP. Meanwhile, with ethyl alcohol and distilled water serving as solvent and nonsolvent for EC respectively, phase separation method was applied to EC coating MRP preparation. The morphology and encapsulation ratio of MRP were tested by FTIR, SEM and XPS. The thermal stability, water absorption and sensitivity of MRP were also characterized to determine the optimal process conditions. The results indicated that after being encapsulated by EC, MRP exhibited a rougher surface morphology. The encapsulation ratio can reach to 94.8% with the addition of increasing EC. Meanwhile, the introduction of EC shell structure improved the thermal stability and mechanical stability of pristine red phosphorus (RP), while reduced the water absorption. On the premise of the performance of RP being affected least, 0.6g EC and 2g RP were selected as the optimal process condition. MRP prepared under such condition got a satisfied encapsulation ratio as 93.2%. Furthermore, the ignition point of the sample increased to 310℃, and the water absorption decreased to 6.8%, reducing by 16.8% compared with RP. The friction sensitivity of MRP decreased to 34%, which was 52% lower than pristine red phosphorus. Phase separation method allowed MRP preparation conducting under a normal temperature and neutral condition, simplifying the technological process. EC was more environmental than traditional organic shell material, and the sample satisfied the needs of practical application.

The effects of main chain element types on the properties of polymer proton exchange membranes with low degree of sulfonation were explored through changing the kinds of comonomers. 3,3’-disulfonic acid sodium salt-4,4’-difluorodiphenyl sulfone was a sulfonated monomer, 4,4’-difluorodiphenyl sulfone was a non-sulfonated monomer, 4,4’-Dihydroxy diphenyl ether or 4,4’-dimercaptodiphenyl sulfide was a comonomer, and the sulfonated aromatic copolymer having a sulfonation degree of 30% and 50%, respectively, can be controlled by a nucleophilic polycondensation reaction. A transparent and tough proton exchange membrane was prepared by the solution casting method. Systematic characterizations and measurements suggested that both polymer membranes showed good mechanical properties as well as moderate water absorption and swelling. The two polymer proton exchange membranes had an initial decomposition temperature of 250℃ and good thermal stability. With the increase of the degree of sulfonation, the water absorption, swelling ratio and proton conductivity of the two polymer membranes increased. Since the main chain sulfur was more conjugated to the oxygen atom and the benzene ring and the interaction between the electron donating sulfur atom and the electron withdrawing group, the SPTES membrane exhibited a higher glass transition temperature (T _g) than the SPES membrane, and a lower swelling ratio and higher proton conductivity. The proton conductivity of SPES-50 and SPTES-50 were 0.136S/cm and 0.142S/cm at 80℃ and 100% RH, respectively. SPES-50 and SPTES-50 membranes all could be applied as promising PEMs for fuel cells. This study may contribute to the rational design of proton-conducting materials.

Magnesium acetylacetonate used as a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) auxiliary heat stabilizer was synthesized from magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)₂] and acetylacetone as raw materials and ethanol as solvent by one-step heterogeneous precipitation conversion technology. The as-prepared magnesium acetylacetonate was characterized by XRD, FTIR and TG-TGA, and its thermal stability was studied by static thermal aging and Congo red test paper.The results show that the prepared product is magnesium acetylacetonate and contains two crystalline water. In PVC, when the mass ratio of the main thermal stabilizer and the auxiliary heat stabilizer is 3∶5, the thermal stability time of PVC is up to 57min. The production technology overcomes the disadvantages of low yield, complex operation and pollution of the traditional method of synthesis of magnesium acetylacetonate. The prepared product has a good synergistic effect with the main heat stabilizer, and can effectively improve the thermal stability of PVC.

The surface of silica was physically modified with natural astaxanthin and composited with natural rubber. The structure and properties of natural astaxanthin-modified silica/natural rubber composites were characterized by RPA, DMA and SEM. The results showed that compared with the modified silica without natural astaxanthin in the vulcanization characteristics, the scorch time and the positive vulcanization time of the rubber obtained by using natural astaxanthin-modified silica were shortened, which promoted the vulcanization process of rubber. In terms of physical and mechanical properties, the tensile strength of the obtained vulcanizate was substantially unchanged, the resilience and abrasion resistance were significantly increased and the compression heat generation was lowered. In terms of dynamic viscoelasticity, the Payne effect of the obtained vulcanizate was significantly reduced and the dispersibility of the filler was improved to some extent. In terms of dynamic mechanical properties, the rolling resistance of the obtained vulcanizate was lowered and the glass transition temperature was increased. In particular, in terms of aging resistance, the heat-resistant air aging performance of the natural astaxanthin-modified silica/natural rubber composite material was remarkably improved.

FAD-conjugated glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH, EC1.1.5.9) has the advantages of tightly binding of prosthetic groups and high catalytic efficiency. The glucose dehydrogenase gene (gdh) of the bacterial source Burkholderia cepacia was selected to construct the expression plasmid pTrc99a-gdh. In order to obtain high-yield FAD-GDH, the recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) was induced using IPTG. The supernatant was analyzed by enzyme activity and SDS-PAGE electrophoretogram, which indicated` that soluble expression was obtained. Using lactose instead of IPTG as the inducer, the shake flask level was initially explored for inducing conditions, and the enzyme activity reached 994U/L. The gradient feed fermentation of E. coli was carried out to produce FAD-GDH in 7.5L fermenter under stepped temperature control strategy. Under the condition of lactose addition rate of 0.3mL/min, enzyme activity and dry cell weight reached 22200U/L and 69.48g/L, respectively. After nickel column chromatography, it was found that the enzyme had a specific activity of 104.5U/mg. The study provides a certain reference for industrial production of the new glucose dehydrogenase.

The preparation and characterization of a new dosage forms for improving the dissolution of insoluble drug carvedilol were developed. The carvedilol dropping pills were prepared by solid dispersion technique. The response surface methodology was used to select and verify the optimal preparation process. The dissolution rate in vitro were investigated between self-made dropping pills in four mediums. The drug existing state in dropping pills was identified by DSC，IR spectroscopy，and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the optimal preparation process are as follows: the ratio of drug and matrix is 1∶7, the ratio of PEG6000 and PEG4000 is 1∶3, the drug solution temperature is 75℃, dropping speed is 54min^-1. The dissolution rate in vitro is fastest within 30min in the hydrochloric acid solution of pH1.2, reaching over 90%, followed by pH4.5, pH6.8 and deionized water. The dissolution rate in vitro of three batch dropping pills have similarity（f₂ >85）, which show the stability of the optimal process. The presence state of drugs in dropping pills is mainly amorphous, which can improve the dissolution of insoluble drugs and provide important reference for the development of new oral rapid release dosage forms of carvedilol.

A crude oil resistant strain X4 was isolated from oil contaminated soil near Qinghai oilfield. It was identified as Salinicola sp. and named as Salinicola sp. X4, since the 16Sr DNA sequencing homologie to Salinicola zeshunii strain N4^T (GenBank serial number EU056581) was up to 99%. The optimal temperature, NaCl concentration, pH, carbon source and nitrogen source of Salinicola sp. X4 was 30℃, 8%, 6.5, glycerol and NH₄Cl, respectively. The bacterium could produce bioemulsifier, and it had good emulsification ability toward some typical hydrocarbons such as octane, cetane, xylene. The CSH values of Salinicola sp. X4 could reach 60%. Using diesel oil (3g/L) as the sole carbon source in the inorganic salt medium containing 5% NaCl, the Salinicola sp. X4 could degrade 55% of the total diesel for five days. GC-MS analysis showed that the strain preferred to degrade medium-chain length hydrocarbons firstly; the average degradation rate of C₇―C₁₃, C₁₄―C₂₀, C₂₁―C₃₁ was 64.1%, 52.3% and 26.8%, respectively. The ionic surfactant SDS and TTAB had strong toxicity to the cells: strain X4 wasn’t able to survive when the concentration reached 100mg/L and 400mg/L, respectively; under the concentration of 40mg/L, the degradation rate of diesel oil was reduced to 20%. While the tolerance concentration of the strain to the non-ionic surfactants――Twain80 and bio-surfactant――rhamnolipid reached 400mg/L; and rhamnolipid is a suitable compound surfactant for strain X4.

The traditional synthetic process of naphthalenediol intermediates has the advantages of simple operation and high degree of industrialization, but there are problems such as large amount of waste acid emission, complicated post-treatment process, high cost, and serious environmental pollution. In recent years, it has been gradually replaced by green synthetic technology. In this paper, the traditional synthetic methods based on sulfonation alkali fusion and nitration reduction methods was reviewed. The biotransformation method that employs microalgae microorganisms, recombinant yeast and various structures of oxygenase metabolism, and the emerging green synthesis process that uses direct acid catalyzed hydroxylation with strong acids, biological enzymes and organometallic complexes as catalysts were briefly described. The synthesis progress of 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene was highlighted. In particular, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the catalytic hydroxylation reaction was carried out directly with an acid catalyst like the use of strong acid hydrofluoric acid and antimony pentafluoride and the use of fluoroanthracenesulfonic acid, boron trifluoride and hydrofluoric acid. At the same time, the typical applications of naphthalenediols in dyes, medicines, catalysis and batteries were also reviewed. Finally, the improvement direction of the biotransformation method and the catalytic hydroxylation method for the preparation of naphthalenediol is to improve the yield of the reaction and the conversion rate of naphthalene to satisfy the demand of large-scale industrial production. In addition, the development of the application field of naphthalene diphenol intermediates is towards the development of refined, high value-added medicines and materials.

With the advanced development of exploration technology, oil and gas exploration can be conducted in deeper formations. According to the fact that the deeper the well is, the higher formation temperature is, more and more attention has been paid to the development of high temperature reservoirs at home and abroad. Generally, the water-based fracturing fluid is the most widely used one because of its advantages such as convenient construction, low price, excellent performance and so on. However, the early fracturing fluid cannot meet the needs of fracturing in high temperature reservoirs because of its poor temperature resistance. Therefore, the development of water-based fracturing fluids that can be used in high temperature reservoirs has important research and application values. In this paper, the research progress of high temperature resistant water-based fracturing fluids both at home and abroad was introduced. For guanidine gum fracturing fluids, its property of high temperature resistance can be strengthen by increasing the dosage of gelatinizer and using modified crosslinkers and gelatinizer. The type of gelatinizer for high-temperature resistant VES fracturing fluids has developed from cationic and anionic to Gemini and compound. Some scholars used the nanoscale system in surfactant modification. Besides, the temperature-resistant synthetic polymer fracturing fluid with a high temperature resistance by the design of poly-copolymer develops rapidly. The development of low concentration guanidine gum fracturing fluid which can meet the needs of fracturing operation in ultra-high temperature reservoirs is still the main research direction in the future. It was pointed out that VES fracturing fluid system is too expensive to be used in a large scale and for guanidine gum fracturing fluid system. Synthetic polymer fracturing fluid has a good temperature resistance and it is the research direction of polymer synthesis to study the multicomponent copolymers containing branched chain polymerization monomers or sulfonic acid groups and introduce suitable hydrophobic groups as thickeners.

The flotation of pyrite is a common problem in the development and utilization of metal, coal and non-metallic minerals. Depression, derepression and some influence factors of pyrite flotation have been the research focus in the field of mineral processing. The impact of mineralogy factors, unavoidable ions and galvanic effect on pyrite flotation behavior are analyzed, and the progress of depression and activation of lime-depressed pyrite is reviewed emphatically from the aspect of action mechanism between flotation agents and minerals. Different kinds of depressants interact with pyrite to form hydrophilic film, prevent the oxidation of xanthate, occupy active sites of collector on pyrite surface, generate complexes, and adsorb extracellular secretion from microbial bacteria such as polysaccharides and proteins on pyrite; high alkali environment commonly used acid and salt activator to dissolve the hydrophilized film of pyrite to activate and recycle pyrite. The analysis suggested that the current research on the complex environment of minerals and pulp is still unclear, and it should be strengthened by means of modern analysis and testing and computer technology. Pyrite is not only a mineral resource, but also plays an important role in alleviating the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection by the research and application of environmental minerals such as pyrite in the field of environmental protection.

The crosslinked acrylic acid/acrylamide grafted-esterified cyanoethyl cassava starch was synthesized by using cassava starch as main raw material through three steps of etherification esterification and grafting. Then magnetic composite modified starzzch microspheres were prepared in inverse emulsion by using Fe₃O₄ as the nucleus. Subsequently the magnetic imprinted crosslinked acrylic acid/acrylamide grafted-esterified cyanoethyl cassava starch microspheres(Cu-IIPs) with selective adsorption to Cu²⁺was obtained by surface imprinting modification using Cu²⁺ as template ion. The particle size of Cu-IIPs was uniformly distributed with the averages particle size of 15.60μm. And the adsorption ratio of Cu-IIPs to Cu²⁺ can reach to 98.18%. The structure of the Cu-IIPs were characterized by IR， SEM，XRD， VSM and TG-DTG techniques. The frontier orbitals，electron density distribution and Fukui index of optimized Cu-IIPs were analysed by quantum chemical calculation. The adsorption mechanism of Cu-IIPs was studied. The results showed that the magnetic imprinted polymers could form stable coordination compounds with Cu²⁺， and determined the potential adsorption activity sites. The mechanism of electron transfer between adsorbents and Cu²⁺ was explained by frontier molecular orbital theory and electron distribution.

A novel heteroatomic alkyl chain compound 1 with bis-benzothiazole groups was synthesized facilely by nucleophilic substitution reaction using N-phenyldiethanolamine and 2-mercapto benzothiazole as raw materials, and its structure was characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and elemental analysis. The spectral changes of compound 1 with many metal cations (Mn²⁺、Co²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺、Fe³⁺、 Hg²⁺、Cr³⁺、Al³⁺) had been investigated by the UV-vis spectrophotometry, and the recognition performance of filter papers treated by compound 1 with many metal cations in aqueous solution was explored, finally the mechanism of forming complexes with metal cations was discussed by ¹H NMR. It was found that the color of solution of compound 1 in acetonitrile was changed to brown after adding Cu²⁺, which was obviously different from adding other cations; the special filter paper will become yellow when it encounters Cu²⁺ in aqueous solution, and no color change was observed in case of other cations. The results showed that compound 1 only exhibited the selective recognition to Cu²⁺ and it could be clearly detected by our naked eyes. In a word, compound 1 is a highly efficient and simple probe for Cu²⁺.

Ethylene carbonate reacted with 1,6-hexanediamine and isophoronediamine to produce two carbamate diols, respectively. Six different urethane acrylate mixtures were obtained by the reaction of those carbamate diols with 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate(HDDA)，neopentyl glycol diacrylate (NPGDA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) in the absence of solvent through Oxa-Michael addition and transesterification. The structure of the reaction products was investigated by FTIR and high resolution mass spectrometry，and the UV curing kinetics of the synthesized urethane acrylates was studied by FTIR. The properties of cured film were evaluated. The results showed that the urethane acrylate resin could be UV cured within 30s under promotion of initiated by 3% (total mass fraction) of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one(1173)under irradiation of UV light，forming to form a smooth, transparent or translucent film with good flexibility (0.5—2.5mm). The gelation rate and the pencil hardness of the film was 92%—96% and 4—5H，respectively. The adhesion of film to the glass was 0—1 level.

Hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) and maleic anhydride (MA) were used as raw materials to synthesize N-maleated hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS-MA). FTIR, ¹H NMR were used to characterize the structure of the sample. The effect of the amount of acid-binding agent triethylamine, reaction temperature, reaction time and the amount of maleic anhydride on the carboxyl content and intrinsic viscosity of the product was investigated. The results showed that under the conditions of acid binding agent dosage 5g, reaction temperature 65℃, reaction time 6h and MA dosage 4.5g, both carboxyl content and intrinsic viscosity of the product reached a good value of 83.50% and 211.96mL/g. The methylene blue printing and dyeing wastewater were treated with kaolin-loaded HPCS-MA. The effect of pH, dosage, flocculation temperature and initial turbidity on the decolorization performance of methylene blue dye was studied. The results showed that in the printing and dyeing wastewater with methylene blue concentration of 3×10^-5 mol/L, the suitable conditions for flocculation and decolorization of HPCS-MA was pH=1—5, dosage was 4—8mg/L, temperature was 20—25℃, initial turbidity was 200—400 NTU. Under these conditions, the chroma removal rate was above 96.5% .

In order to build the complicated nonlinear relationship between quantum chemical characteristics of imidazoline derivatives and corrosion inhibition efficiency, the fuzzy artificial neural network adopting quantum chemical characteristics, including the highest occupied molecular orbital energy, the lowest unoccupied orbital energy, molecular dipole moment, single point energy, hardness, softness, nucleophilic attack index, electrophilic attack index, electron transfer parameter and the sum of static charges of non-hydrogen atoms on the imidazole ring as inputs, corrosion inhibition efficiency as outputs, was established to determine their correlation based on multi-factor variance analysis. The results revealed that there was a very significant correlation between the mentioned quantum chemical characteristics and the corrosion inhibition efficiency. With the help of above research, the obtained prediction model of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy artificial neural network with 10-30-1 structure using momentum optimization algorithm was trained repeatedly until its mean square error less than convergence tolerance 0.005 was reached. The model output values were approximately linear with actual desired values in the training and testing stage and demonstrated superior correlation due to determination coefficient 0.9999. The good reliability of prediction model was also displayed in the validating stage. Therefore, the fuzzy artificial neural network model based on quantum chemical characteristics accurately predicted the capacities of corrosion inhibition efficiency of various imidazoline derivatives.

Alkali lignin (AL) and polyethylenimine (PEI) were used as carbon sources. PEI was used not only as a carbon source but to efficiently prepare the also as a surface passivator. Under the oxidation of H₂O₂, it was one step hydrothermal green method to efficiently prepare the high fluorescence, long life and polyethylenimine carbon dots (AL/PEI-CDs). The effects of alkali lignin/PEI mass ratio, hydrothermal temperature and hydrothermal time on the fluorescence intensity of carbon dots were studied. The optimal reaction conditions were determined. The sensitivity and stability of AL/PEI-CDs to pH were also investigated. Ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV-vis), fluorescence spectrophotometer, atomic force microscope (AFM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier infrared spectrometer (Fourier), the optical properties, morphology, chemical structure and crystal structure of AL/PEI-CDs were characterized by transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results showed that the fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of the synthesized AL/PEI-CDs was 25.53%, fluorescence under the condition of alkali lignin/PEI mass ratio of 1∶12, hydrothermal temperature of 190℃ and hydrothermal time of 12h. The life was 5.06ns, the surface was rich in amino and hydroxyl groups, and the particle size was uniform, water-soluble and good stability. The corresponding emission peak was 405 nm at the optimal excitation wavelength of ex=313nm. Bright blue light was emitted under the UV lamp. The carbon dots prepared in this study may have good application prospects in ion monitoring and cell metabolic process monitoring proton sensors.

2,5-Dichlorophenol is an important phenolic compound. Regarding the preparation of 2,5-dichlorophenol, most of the preparation methods commonly used in the industry have problems such as long production process and serious pollution. The process of preparing 2,5-dichlorophenol by direct oxidation of dichlorobenzene as raw material and H₂O₂ as oxidant. The catalysts and solvents were initially screened to investigate the effects of different catalytic systems on the reaction. The process conditions of oxidant dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst dosage were determined by using iron powder as catalyst and acetic acid as solvent. The experimental results showed that the best process conditions were n(p-dichlorobenzene)∶n(50% H₂O₂)∶n(Fe) = 1∶3∶0.10, the reaction temperature was 60℃ and the reaction time was 2.5h. The product was identified as 2,5-dichlorophenol by GC-MS and ¹H NMR analysis. The gas chromatographic analysis showed that the selectivity of 2,5-dichlorophenol was 83.4% and the yield of 2,5-dichlorophenol was 42.6%.

Radioactive strontium and cesium are the most important nuclear fission products in the process of nuclear industry and the most abundant radioactive pollutants in nuclear waste water. They have long half-life and persistent biological toxicity. This paper reviewed the latest advances at home and abroad in removing radioactive strontium and cesium from aqueous solutions by natural zeolites, synthetic zeolites and composite zeolites. It focused on the adsorption of radioactive cesium and strontium in aqueous solution by composite adsorbents, which are the compounding of alginate, polyacrylonitrile, carbon materials or magnetically modified metal on zeolites. The composite zeolites could solve the problems of small in particle size, difficult in separation, poor in stability, and enhance the applicability of the zeolite. The adsorption characteristics of zeolite materials on radioactive strontium and cesium in aqueous solution were summarized from the aspects of adsorption equilibrium time, maximum adsorption capacity and acid-base tolerance. The advantages and disadvantages of the three types of zeolites were analyzed and summarized. Furthermore, future research directions are prospected aiming at the application of zeolite materials in the treatment of radioactive cesium and strontium from aqueous solution. It is pointed out that the research on reducing raw water concentration, developing combined process and strengthening model simulation can promote the application of zeolite materials in engineering technology in future.

Membrane CO₂ capture is one of the important methods to reduce carbon emission in existing coal-fired power plants. In industrial application, the membrane capture system is usually suitable to be installed in the downstream of wet desulphurization system. However, it is difficult to remove all the fine particles and gaseous pollutants from the flue gas, and the water vapor is close to saturation. The co-existing impurities in the gas phase as well as the absorption liquid component have interaction with the membrane and membrane material, which will cause serious influence on the efficiency of membrane CO₂ capture. The effects of co-existing gaseous, particulate and liquid phase absorbents on membrane separation, macroscopic properties of membrane absorption, membrane microstructures and materials were reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, the characteristic of membrane capture performance in a long term operation under the desulfurized flue gas conditions were summarized, and the technical methods to inhibit membrane failure were pointed out. It will provide a reference for breaking through the bottleneck of membrane technology for capturing CO₂ and achieve stable and efficient operation of membrane.

Biological nitrogen removal is economical and effective thus it’s quite popular in wastewater treatments. Denitrification, as one of the essential parts of biological nitrogen removal, needs extra carbon source (acetate, methanol et al) as electron donor. Heterotrophic denitrification possesses high efficiency and easy operation but with high cost, vast surplus sludge, greenhouse gas emission and secondary pollution. Exploring a better electron donor for denitrification especially in wastewaters with low C/N ratio is necessary. Thus a novel nitrate/nitrite removal technology with iron/ferrous iron as electron donor was developed. Aiming to solve the nitrogen pollution in low C/N ratio wastewaters, this novel technology which was named as iron-dependent denitrification showed its remarkable advantages. Here in this paper, a brief summary of iron-dependent denitrification, its chemical reaction and microbial reaction mechanisms was exhibited; reactor performance, operation parameter and efficiency-enhancing measures of iron-dependent denitrification technology were listed; the advantages of iron-dependent denitrification technology in aspects of environmental protection, economic efficiency and multi-exploitable products were described. In total, a summarized history, current situation and future development of iron-dependent denitrification were given in the paper in order to promote the research of iron-dependent denitrification technology in the lab and to put forward the application of this novel technology in wastewater treatments in the future.

The sewage sludge air gasification experiment was carried out by a self-built fluidized bed thermal experimental device, and the characteristics of medium-low temperature gasification and heavy metal migration were studied systematically. Among the main parameters affecting the sludge gasification characteristics in fluidized bed, the most important factor affecting the cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion rate is temperature, the second one is air equivalent ratio. The effects of air ratio and fluidization number on the gasification characteristics are weaker. Compared with higher temperature gasification, the output of tar in medium-low temperature gasification increased significantly. With the increase of secondary air and air ratio, the tar yield of medium-low temperature decreased monotonously. With the gasification temperature rises from 600℃ to 850℃, the cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion rate are all increasing. In the process of the air equivalent ratio rising from 0.2 to 0.4, the cold gas efficiency increases firstly and then decreases, and reaches the maximum at 0.3, while the carbon conversion rate increases monotonously. In the rising process of gasification temperature, the mobility in fly ash, gas and tar increased monotonously. With the increase of equivalent ratio, the mobility of Ni and Cu decreased, while Cr increases, and Cd, Zn, As and Pb almost did not change.

Fine particles of sintering flue gas were analyzed by a laser particle size analyzer (LPSA). The particle size range and distribution characteristics of the main fine particles discharged from the sintering process were obtained. The morphology，elemental composition and phase composition of fine particles in the sintering flue gas before and after semi-dry desulfurization were analyzed and compared using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersion spectrum (SEM-EDS). The results showed that there are large differences in the characteristics of the sintering dust particles before and after desulfurization. In terms of particle size distribution，the particle size range before and after desulfurization was 0.816μm to 60.988μm and 0.259μm to 407.850μm，respectively. After desulfurization，the particle size shifted to a small particle size. In the particle morphology，the main flue is mainly composed of irregular spherical particles and irregular particles. After desulphurization，plate-like and flake-like particles are the main components. On the composition of elements and phases, the main elements in the large flue are Fe， K， Cl. Fe is mainly Fe₂O₃， K is mainly in KCl， and obvious cubic KCl particles can be observed. After desulfurization，the main elements in the particulates are Ca， O，and S， mainly Ca(OH)₂，CaSO₃，and CaSO₄，and also contain a certain amount of quartz，magnesia，and some amorphous glass phases.

Titanium gypsum is a by-product in the production of titanium dioxide by sulfuric acid method. The impurities in titanium gypsum limit the usage of it. Sulfuric acid leaching processing can be used to improve the quality of titanium gypsum. Using sulfuric acid as a leaching agent, the dissolution rules of iron oxide in titanium gypsum and the phase change of acid leaching products were investigated under different sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, solid-liquid ratio and reaction time. XRD, XRF, SEM and other analytical methods were used to analyze the phase, chemical composition and morphology of the samples before and after the acid leaching of titanium gypsum. The results show that the sulfuric acid leaching can effectively remove the iron oxide from titanium gypsum, and the removal rate can reach 93.14% under the optimum conditions, and the whitenes increases from 8.1 to 54.4. During the acid leaching process, dehydration of dihydrate gypsum in titanium gypsum forms hemihydrate gypsum and anhydrite as sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, solid-liquid ratio, reaction time changed. Titanium gypsum is treated by sulfuric acid leaching method, Fe(OH)₃ can be obtained from the filtrate after treatment. The waste liquid can be recycled, which will provide a new way for the resource utilization of titanium gypsum.

In view of the current antibiotic wastewater treatment problem, ciprofloxacin, as a selected antibiotic, was degraded with advanced oxidation process by carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The effects of PMS dosages, initial CIP concentrations, CNTs dosages and pH on the removal of CIP were investigated. The results showed that under the condition, [PMS] = 1.5mmol/L, [CNTs]=15mg/L and [CIP]=5mg/L, the efficiency of removal CIP could be reached above 90% in the wide pH range of 2.73—11.38. Further, the CNTs had a synergistic effect between adsorption and catalysis in removal of CIP. And the CNTs also showed stable catalytic activity and can be reused as a catalyst for many times. Meanwhile, the active substances in the degradation process were analyzed and identified by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) capture technology and free radical quenching reaction. The experimental results show that the mechanism of CIP degradation is due mainly to sulfate radicals (SO₄ ^?-). Through the analysis of intermediate products, it was found that the oxidation mainly occurred on the piperazine group, the C-F bond of the quinolone core and the cyclopropane ring. These results can be applied to the industrial process of antibiotics wastewater.

Amine blend is recognized as a promising alternative to traditional MEA solution for reducing the energy cost of post-combustion chemical absorption CO₂ capture process. In this study, a coal-fired power plant CO₂ capture system using the blend of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and piperazine (PZ) as an absorbent was simulated by Aspen plus soft at a capacity of 1 million tons CO₂ one year. The effects of MDEA/PZ blend concentration, MDEA/PZ ratio, CO₂ load in lean solution and stripping pressure on the stripper reboiler heat duty and condenser cool duty were investigated. The liquid phase temperature and CO₂ load of the solution in the absorber under different conditions were analyzed to reveal the absorbing properties of MDEA/PZ blend. The CO₂ concentration driving force and temperature driving force for the stripping process were also studied. The results showed that strong concentration driving force and weak temperature driving force favored the decrease of energy cost. The heat duty and cold duty for CO₂ regeneration in stripper can be as low as 2.76GJ/tCO₂ and 0.60GJ/tCO₂, respectively under optimized conditions (30% MDEA and 20% PZ, 0.08 lean load, 2.02×10⁵Pa stripping pressure), which were reduced by 20.92% and 40.0% compared to using traditional MEA solution.

Pollutant concentrations (NO and NO₂) were monitored and measured for the phenomenon of the yellow smoke emissions in a gas steam combined cycle unit. Effect of the unit operation condition and production load on the pollutant emission characteristics and change rules was studied based on the monitoring results. The results show that the concentration of NO and that of nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) increase, the concentration of NO₂ and the concentration ratio of NO₂ to NO _x (nitrogen oxides composition) gradually decrease with the increase of production load. The yellow smoke plume is caused by a high concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the flue gas, and is no direct relation with the concentration of NO and NO _x , when the combined cycle unit is in the stage of the single cycle and low-load operation. The proportion of NO₂ in nitrogen oxides can be decreased by increasing the production load, which is helpful to reduce the generation of the yellow smoke plume. In addition, the operating mode of burner is preliminarily analyzed, and the high-temperature and oxygen-rich condition formed in the on-duty combustion area is considered to be an important cause of high NO₂ emission.