Two-phase flow in channels and water and gas management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell （including H2/O2 PEMFC and direct methanol fuel cell） have a great influence on its performance and life. Visualization technique is one of the most powerful tools to study the two-phase flow in a fuel cell. The formation and development of gas bubbles or water droplets in channels are truly presented by the visualization study. Moreover, it can help us to understand the evolution mechanism，optimize water and gas management and improve the performance of the fuel cell. This article reviews the experimental and theoretical studies relating to visualization of two-phase flow and transport in proton exchange membrane fuel cells，discusses the wettability of the diffusion layer and water transport mechanism, presents a variety of techniques for visualization and puts forward some disadvantages and the development direction of visualization study.

To improve the studies and development of solar energy photocatalytic reactor，the existing types of catalysts and light gathering system as well as practical applications are reviewed. Reactors with suspended and fixed photocatalysts，with and without light gatherin are compared separately. The feasibility of using such photocatalytic reactor in practical wastewater treatment is analyzed. Also，the co-application of ceramic membrane separation technology with suspended-catalyst type solar energy photocatalytic reactor is suggested as a research direction.

Studies on production of plant secondary metabolites by hairy roots have been increasing over the last 30 years. But there are constraints for commercialization of hairy root culture，because there is a lack of detailed knowledge about the mechansm affecting biosynthetic pathways in hairy roots. New insights in the effects on secondary metabolites biosynthesis by hairy roots are discussed，which comprise physical and chemical parameters，regulation technologies enhancing productivity，and key factors in bioreactors. The study on suitable bioreactor and methods enhancing mass transfer efficiency will make it possible to produce plant secondary metabolites by hairy roots at commercial level based on their morphological and physiological characteristics.

Maleopimaric acid and its derivatives have important use in the area of papermaking，microorganism，printing ink，paint，rubber，bactericide pharmaceutical and so on. In this paper，the progress of research and application of maleopimaric acid and its derivatives is reviewed，and the prospect of maleopimaric acid and its derivatives is also presented.

The recent development of antibacterials used in industry is been reviewed. The development prospect of antibacterial agents in a few years is predicted. The research of organic polymer antibacterial，nano inorganic antibacterial and compounded antibacterial will be the focus of future resarch.

The polythiophene/inorganic nanocomposites are classified according to the dimensions of each component. The preparation methods for such composites are reviewed. Besides the inherent properties of both polythiothene and inorganic matter，the excellent properties，such as electrical property and optical property，which arose from the synergism of the nanocomposites are emphasized. The mechanisms of enhancing performance are elaborated on the molecular scale.

The advances in dimethyl carbonate synthesis by gas-phase oxidative carbonylation of methanol are summarized，the technical features of direct gas-phase process and methylnitrite process are introduced respectively，and the structure characteristics as well as the catalytic performances for different catalysts are presented in details. According to previous research results the key for methylnitrite process is to control the first step reaction and ensure the safety in the application of NO，and the NO-free direct gas-phase process simplifying the reaction mechanismis considered to be a potential commercialization route for DMC synthesis. Compared to CuCl2 loading catalysts and Wacker catalysts，solid state ion-exchange derived copper zeolites present higher stability and lower corrosivity to the reactor. However，limited by the acid sites on the surface of zeolites，only lower ion-exchange rate could be achieved，and it is difficult to remove the residual CuCl adsorbed in the micropores. whereas chloride-free Cu-impregnated zeolite catalysts gave lower DMC selectivity. Si-based mixed oxides are reported as one kind of solid acids，the amounts，intensity and distribution of Brønsted acid sites could be effectively controlled through choosing appropriate preparation conditions，which could be used as ideal support materials to prepare catalysts through solid ion-exchange reaction.

The present paper reviews the properties，synthesis methods and application of hyperbranched polymers. Synthesis reactions of hyperbranched polymers include polycondensation，active polymerization，ion polymerization and ring opening polymerization. New synthesis methods，including reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and self-condensing group transfer polymerization are also reviewed.The polymers have good application prospects in coating，blending modification，polymeric membrane，medicine，nanophase composite material，polyelectrolyte and hyperbranched liquid crystal. The future study of such polymers is discussed.

The present status of deactivation and regeneration of titanium silicalite in main catalytic oxidation reactions，such as alkene epoxidation，cyclohexanone ammoxidation，phenol hydroxylation，etc. is reviewed. Pore blocking by reaction byproducts is the main reason for catalyst deactivation，and titanium leaching or silica dissolution is another reason.The present regeneration methods are summarized，and their effects on zeolite structure and catalytic performance are also presented.The research prospect of regeneration of titanium silicalite is discussed.

Surfactants are widely used in production and daily life. Most of them are inevitably discharged into the environment and cause damage to the environment. The environmental impact of surfactants in water and soil is summarized. The effects of surfactant on animal，plant and human being are analyzed in detail. It is very important to study the environmental safety of surfactants at present.

Methanation is a well developed commercialized process of hydrogen purification，which converts residual CO and CO2，the poisons to subsequent processes back to methane using a small fraction of the hydrogen gas. This paper introduces the research progress of the representative catalysts，especially Ni catalysts for methanation reaction in recent years，and introduces the effects of promoter，support and preparation method on the performance of catalyst. The mechanisms of CO and CO2 methanation on different catalysts are also presented.

A strain of bioflocculant-generating bacterium, named G-420 was isolated from activated sludge. The flocculating property of MBF-420 produced by flocculant-generated bacteria G-420 was studied. It was shown that the bioflocculant was an extra-cellular production and the flocculating active components were mainly distributed in the fermentation broth. MBF-420 had good flocculating capability and could achieve the flocculating rate of 95.99 % for kaolin suspension at a dosage of 2.4 mg·L-1. Meanwhile, MBF-420 was heat-stable, while it was kept in boiling water for 30 min, the flocculating rate was still retained above 93%. It also could keep high flocculating activity in a wide range of pH from 1 to 10, and the best flocculating activity was attained when the pH value was 4. The addition of metal ion could increase the flocculation rate and Ca2+ was the best metal ion. It also presented a good flocculating effect on different suspensions.

An up-flow reactor integrated technology of high voltage pulsed dielectric barrier discharge and ozone immision was used to investigate the synergetic action of high voltage pulsed discharge plus ozone immision in degradation of HPAM and the change of COD and BOD5/COD. The factors affecting the degradation rate of HPAM by adding TiO2 were studied，and the mechanism was analyzed. The degradation rate of HPAM by the combination of high voltage pulsed dielectric barrier discharge and ozone immision was 51% after 10 minutes treatment，increased by 27% and 4% than discharge only and ozone immision only respectively .By adding TiO2，COD removal was over 65%，BOD5/COD increased to 0.37.

The effect of the operating parameters on the ozonation of phenol aqueous solution in the presence of activated carbon fiber （ACF） was studied. The results showed that ACF could improve the ozonation significantly；the phenol removal at 10 min was 96.8% for 1g ACF，but only 68% for 1g GAC. The efficiencies of the process under acidic conditions were almost the same and higher than those under basic conditions；the increase of basic pH led to the decrease of phenol removal at the initial stage of the ozonation. The efficiency of ACF ozonation was improved by 17% at 10min when the ozonized-air flow rate increased from 0.04m3/h to 0.16m3/h. The increase of initial concentration from 100mg/L to 500mg/L only caused the decrease of phenol removal by less than 10%，but the total phenol removal increased significantly. The repeated use of ACF showed that ozonation could provide in situ ACF regeneration，which was considered highly beneficial in the industrial treatment process.

The hydrodynamic characteristics of the new directed bridge valve trays were tested in a φ1000 mm column using air-water system.The influences of liquid flow rate per unit weir length and weir height on weeping and pressure drop were studied. The performance of standard F1 valve was also compared with new directed bridge valve trays. The results showed that the gas distribution on the new directed bridge valve trays was fine and even，the foaming height was stable，and the contact of gas and liquid was adequate，Compared with F1 valve，new directed bridge valve trays pressure drop was lower by 10％～30％ under the same testing conditions．The new directed bridge valve trays had good hydrodynamic characteristics.

Fine ginger oil was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide （SC-CO2）. A procedure of rapid pressure reduction was designed in order to break the cell wall and reduce the resistance of mass transfer. Using the method of orthogonal design L18（37），the optimum parameters were obtained under the fragmentation pressure of 20.0 MPa，isobaric time of 30min，pressure reduction of 10 MPa/min，extraction pressure of 16.0MPa，extraction temperature of 45.0℃ and extraction time of 60min when the flux of CO2 was 20 m3/h. Compared with the method of Soxlet extraction，this method achieved a higher yield （about 3.62%），Compared with SC-CO2 extraction，the extractipn pressure，temperature and time were reduced obviously in this process，and the yield increased by 1.32 times. Base on these parameters，a pilot scale equipment was designed and fine ginger oil could be extracted with SC-CO2 by running over 4000 hours.

Amino-sulfonic acid single aromatic ring type （AS）high range water reducer was synthesized form aminobenzene sulfonic acid，phenol and formaldehyde. The influence of monomers ratio，reaction temperature，reaction time，pH value，the concentration of monomer on the performance of AS high range water reducer was analyzed. The molecular structure of amino-sulfonic acid single aromatic ring type high range water reducer was studied with infrared spectroscopy（IR）and gel permeation chromatography（GPC）. The study of surface tension foaming capacity and ξ- potential of cement particles showed the action mechanism of AS high range water reducer on the surface of cement particles. Steric hindrance，electrostatic repulsive force，lubrication and contributed to its better dispersing performance.

Through the electrophilic addition reaction of —P(O)—H and C=C，a novel phosphorus-containing maleimide phenolic resin was synthesized and used as curing agent for preparing high performance，flame retardant epoxy resins. The structure of the resin was confirmed with FTIR and elemental analysis. Thermal properties and thermal degradation behavior of the thermosetted resin was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. High glass transition temperature （145.4℃） and high char yield （700℃ 49.5%） were observed for the P-PMF/CNE cured resins. A sample containing 1.48%（mass ratio） phosphorus had limiting oxygen index values of 33.3. The developed resin may be used potentially as a “green” curing agent in electronic fields.

Enzymatic synthesis of wax ester was studied by using rapeseed oil and cetyl alcohol as substrate for the immobilized lipase Candida sp. 99-125 in the laboratory in a organic solvent system and a solvent-free system separately. Several factors which influencing wax ester synthesis were investigated. The reaction could proceed in the presence of hexane and the highest yield of wax ester （85.87％） was obtained with reaction temperature of 40℃，reaction time of 12hr，substrate molar ratio （oil to alcohol）of 1∶2，enzyme dosage of 15% and water content of 7.5%. The research on reaction conditions also showed that the yield of wax ester could reach 80.68 % in a solvent-free system when reaction temperature was 50℃，reaction time was 20hr and substrate molar ratio was 1∶1.5. The life span of the immobilized lipase could be higher by adding cetyl alcohol.

Porous carbons were prepared by using a sol-gel method with tetraethyl orthosilicate （TEOS） as the silica template and sucrose as carbon precursor and adding N,N- dimethyl formamide（DMF） as drying control chemical additive（DCCA）. SEM and N2 adsorption isotherms were used to test and characterize the pore structure of the as-prepared porous carbons. The results showed that DMF addition helped to make crack-free and fracture-free gel and the pore size distribution of resultant carbons ranged from 2 nm to 7 nm.

K2MnAl11O19 catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation or hydrolysis of metal alkoxide. The effects of preparation methods on crystal structure and properties of the catalysts were investigated by means of XRD,BET,SEM,TG-DTA and activity evaluation for methane combustion. The results showed that the catalyst with good crystallinity was obtained after calcination at 1200 ℃ for 4 h by these two methods. At the same time the catalysts had high catalytic activity and stability. The catalyst prepared by hydrolysis of metal alkoxide maintained high surface area and had higher catalytic activity for methane combustion.

Aromatic solvent naphtha was obtained by two-stage synthesis from C9 fractions from ethylene cracking with boiling range of 100～200℃ in the presence of Lewis acid as catalyst. The effect of the amount of catalyst，reaction temperature and time on the distribution and quality index of the product was investigated. Under the conditions of reaction temperature 60℃，reaction time 6 h and the amount of catalyst，1.0%（wt）complex compound of BF3 and ethylether and 1.5%（wt）AlCl3，71.1%（wt）aromatic solvent naphtha including 16.3%（wt）120#, 54.7%（wt）200# solvent naphtha and 20%（wt）petroleum resin were obtained. Adding solid alkali stopped the reaction in order to avoid producing a lot of waste water.

The process for removal of organic-sulfur from crude benzene over titanium silicalite（TS-1） by hydrogen peroxide was studied. The factors affecting the reaction，including reaction time，reaction temperature，the dose of TS-1 and the dose of H2O2 were investigated. The influence of these factors was in the following order：dose of TS-1>dose of H2O2> reaction time>reaction temperature. The removal conditions of thiophene were optimized by orthogonal design with the goal of maximizing removal efficiency. The optimum removal parameters were：reacting time 8 hours，temperature at 75℃，n双氧水∶n噻吩=4∶1 and TS-1 0.15%（wt）. Under the optimal conditions，the removal of thiophene was 99.58%. A new and highly efficient method for organic-sulfur removal with the features of easy operation，mild reaction condition（low temperature and normal pressure） and low cost of is of value to be commercialized.

Grignard reagent was prepared under ultrasonic radiation with 1，4-dibromobenzene as start material. The Grignard reagent then reacted with dimethylchlorosilane to form 1，4-bis（dimethylsilyl）benzene（BDSB）. Poly（tetramethyl-p-silylphenylene-dimethyl）siloxane was prepared by the polycondensation of BDSB and dimethyldimethoxysilane catalyzed by B(C6F5)3，the effect of B(C6F5)3 concentration and reaction temperature on the reaction rate was also studied as well. 29Si NMR shows that the polymer is not perfectly alternated with 38～49% randomization. The Tg of the polymer is －56.2℃. The polymer begins to degrade at 334℃ in nitrogen and 345℃ in air. The polymer shows one-step weight loss in nitrogen at 529℃，but multi-step weight loss in air at 539，559，662℃。

A flame retardant，pentaerythritol diphosphonate of melamine salt was synthesized，by using trisphosphoratethe，pentaerythritol and melamine as raw materials. The influence of reaction temperature，feed ratio of raw materials，reaction time and organic solvent on the flame retardant productivity was studied. The results showed that during the synthesis process of intermediate product，the recommended reaction condition was molar ratioe（phosphorous oxychloride）:（pentaerythritol）=（8～9）:1，reacting at 97℃ for 20h，and the highest productivity was 77.38%; during the synthesis process of flame retardant，the recommended reacting condition was molar ratio（intermediate product）：（melamine）=1:（2～3），reacting at 70℃ and under the condition of basicity for 10h，and the highest productivity was 86.3%. The final product was identified with IR，DSC and TG as pentaerythritol diphosphonate of melamine salt. The flame retardant trial showed that this salt had good flame retardant performance with PVA nonwoven fabric.

This article introduces the technology of BC-H-40 catalyst for selective diene hydrogenation in C4 raffinate. The industrial experiment results showed that the BC-H-40 catalyst had high activity, good selectivity, long running cycle, resistance to disturbance and wide operation conditions.1%～2%（wt）dienes in C4 raffinate could be removed to less than 1 ppm, and the yield of 1-butene was more than 97.5%.

A new three-column energy-saving technique to recover N,N-dimethylformamide（DMF）from the polyurethane（PU）synthetic leather process was developed by rebuilding a two-column recovery system. This process was composed of three columns，including first-stage vacuum concentration，second-stage atmospheric concentration，and vacuum distillation. Because heat energy was reused，the energy-saving recovery equipment could reduce energy consumption by 37.7%，compared to the current two-column equipment. No waster water was discharged in the process，and the purity of DMF product was above 99%. The profit of each energy-saving unitt could reach 4 961 900 yuan each year .

This article desribes tha structure characteristics and advantages of a novel tray and the application and practice in 1000kt/a ethylene plant.

The article introduces the basic principles and process features of PSA technology developed by Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry for nitrogen production and its application.