Abstract: Surfactants are widely used in production and daily life. Most of them are inevitably discharged into the environment and cause damage to the environment. The environmental impact of surfactants in water and soil is summarized. The effects of surfactant on animal，plant and human being are analyzed in detail. It is very important to study the environmental safety of surfactants at present.

摘要： 全面分析了表面活性剂存在时对土壤、水体环境的危害，研究了表面活性剂对植物、动物、人体以及微生物的影响，同时还探讨了表面活性剂的生物降解。表明全面了解表面活性剂环境安全性对推动表面活性剂工业的持续发展具有重大意义。