Acrylonitrile is a kind of important chemical raw material. In this paper，technical development of acrylonitrile were elaborated in details. And the main directions of acrylonitrile catalysts and processes.

Increasing attention has been paid recently to the double-bond positional isomerization of n-butene because of the availability of large C4 resources and the demand of 1-butene. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the double-bond positional isomerization of n-butene are described and the advances in isomerization catalysts are reviewed. The reaction mechanism of the double-bond positional isomerization is analyzed. The activity，selectivity and active sites of metal oxides，metal carbides and nitrides，metal sulfates and phosphates，metals，molecular sieve，ion-exchanged resins and ionic liquids are compared. The advantages and shortcomings of the above catalysts are evaluated. Different catalysts have different mechanisms of isomerization and are appropriate for different feed compositions and operation conditions.

The properties and applications in energy conversion technology as catalyst，reaction medium，electrolyte and heat carrier of molten alkali carbonate are briefly reviewed. The eutectic of molten alkali carbonate mixture has lower melting point and higher catalytic activity as compared with single molten salt. The physical properties（e. g. melting point and viscosity）can be optimized by means of adjusting optimal combination of different alkali carbonates，hence the catalytic activity and fluidity of the molten salt can be improved and the solubility of electrode material NiO in molten alkali carbonate can be decreased.

In this review，the technology of hydroprocessing is introduced for producing hydrocarbon products in the diesel boiling range as effective diesel fuel ignition improvers，from vegetable oil. The chemistry in hydrotreatment of vegetable oil and commercial progress abroad are presented. The different processes used in manufacturing diesel with high cetane number from vegetable oil are described，covering direct hydrotreatment，hydrotreatment and isomerization complex，decarboxylation，and hydroconversion of the blend of vegetable oil and mineral oil，in addition the types of catalyst，process conditions and characteristics of products are illustrated. The existing problems and prospective research targets are also discussed.

The evaluation indicators of biodiesel cold flow property，primary influence factors and approaches to improving cold flow are reviewed. The cold flow property of biodiesel depends on the content and distribution of fatty acid，ester base structure and contaminants composition. Several methods to improve cold flow property are discussed and the development of additives to improve cold flow property is recommended.

A method of synergistic heat transfer enhancement in two zones with self-sustaining swirl flow in rough tube heat exchanger is presented in this paper. Rough tubes combined with axially spaced twisted-tape elements inside the tube are used to enhance heat transfer of heat exchangers. Swirl flow is generated by twisted-tape elements and a self-sustaining swirl flow at a definite distance is maintained in the space between two twisted-tape elements owing to the rotational motion inertia. It has a complementary synergism in enhancement of heat transfer in the near-wall range and the center range of the tube. Alternatively，spaced twisted-tape elements can be used as both supports of tube bundle and enhancement element by producing self-sustaining swirl flow in the shell side. It is believed that the compound heat transfer enhancement with self-sustaining swirl flow and rough tubes is of great significance for the renovation of heat exchangers，energy conservation and decrease of energy consumption.

The characteristics，study at home and abroad，and domestic production and application of the evaporative condenser and cooler are introduced，the existing problems in application are discussed，and the application prospect is presented. Analysis shows that this type of energy-saving equipment has a broad application prospect in China.

The research progress of nanofluids boiling heat transfer is summarized. The mechanism is analyzed from nanofluids properties and boiling surface characteristics. Nanoparticles，boiling surface and the relationship between them are the main reason for the difference in experiment results. In addition，the application prospect of nanoparticles in the refrigeration system and further research on boiling heat transfer of nanofluids are presented.

The preparation and characteristics of polyurethane/acrylate（PUA）hybrid emulsions，including PUA co-polymer emulsion，PUA copolymerization emulsion，PUA core-shell emulsion，PUA interpenetrating polymer network emulsion，are summarized in this paper with 45 main literatures in recent years both at home and abroad，then the new progress of PUA hybrid emulsion in recent years is introduced in detail. At the end of this paper，the prospective development of polyurethane/acrylate（PUA）hybrid emulsion is presented.

Abstract：In this paper，according to phase transition mechanism，the so-called shape stabilized phase change materials are classified as solid-solid phase change materials（SSPCM）and form stable phase change materials（FSPCM）. SSPCM cover organic and inorganic ones according to materials’ composition. FSPCM include polymeric and porous material matrix ones due to different carrier materials. Phase change materials mentioned above and their unique performances are further introduced. Research development is summarized. Preparation methods，i.e. adsorption，congruent melting，micro-encapsulation and pressing-sintering，are reviewed. Application fields of shape stabilized phase change materials are presented. Existing problems in the study and application of SSPCM and FSPCM are pointed out.

As a new kind of ecomaterials，woodceramics is reported to have excellent performance，such as good electrical properties，friction and wear resistance，corrosion resistance，high strength，light weight，porousness and electromagnetic shielding ability. Therefore，it has potential application in many industries. Research progress of woodceramics over these years is reviewed. The raw materials，fabrication methods，structure of woodceramics and characteristics，including electricity，mechanics and friction are introduced in detail. In addition，the prime problems existing in recent researches are analyzed and the prospect is put forward，including choice of material and heating mode，deepening of mechanism research and the broadening of application fields.

In this paper, the environmental impact of each life cycle stage of carbon dioxide－based biodegradable polymers is studied. It shows polymers production is the key stage. Especially, global warming, acidification, toxicity to human health and depletion of non-renewable resource are the main factors of environmental burden.

The coal and heavy oil co-gasification process is introduced in this paper. The principle of this process and the thermodynamic characteristics are presented. The energy and mass balance calculations of coal and heavy oil co-gasification are made by using Aspen Plus. The results indicated that coal and heavy oil co-gasification can produce light olefins and synthesis gas，the content of light olefins（C₂H₄+ C₃H₆）is more than 15%，the content of synthesis gas（H₂ + CO）is no less than 60%，and the content of carbon dioxide is less than 1.5%，and the coking problem of heavy oil gasification can be resolved.

The synthesis of methyl salicylate（MS）from salicylic acid（SA）and dimethyl carbonate（DMC）was investigated over a series of SBA-15-SO₃H zeolite catalysts containing different amounts of sulfonic acid in this work. The results showed that the conversion of SA and the selectivity for MS could reach 96.7% and 57.7% in a specific reaction condition. The conversion of SA and the selectivity of MS were correlated with the strengths and species of acid sites on the catalysts. Based on the experiment results，a reaction mechanism for the esterification of SA with DMC over SBA-15-SO3H was proposed.

Transition metal modified nano-titanium dioxide was prepared by the sol-gel method and characterized. Desulfurization of sulfur compounds in FCC naphtha with the prepared catalyst was investigated. The effects of TiO₂ dosage，addition of tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, doping by Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and reaction time on desulfurization performance were studied. Test results showed that under the conditions of using FCC naphtha，a volume ratio of naphtha to formic acid of 1∶1，7.5％（mol）Ni-TiO₂ 20mg，adding 5mg tetrabutyl ammonium bromide，illumination 3h，desulfurization rate was up to 98.4%.

Two-component waterborne polyurethane（PU）adhesives for laminated plastics films were prepared and characterized with FTIR and DSC，and the effect of two types of crosslinking agents epoxy resin 6360 and melamine-formaldehyde resin on the properties of the adhesives was investigated. The results indicated that the crosslinking agents could react with waterborne polyurethane，which was confirmed by FTIR and DSC. The addition of the crosslinking agents increased the crosslinking ability and viscosity of the polyurethane adhesive，therefore strengthening T-style peel strength of the adhesives between polyethylene terephthalate（PET）and polyethylene（PE）film，and reducing the solubility of PU films in toluene. The optimized content of epoxy resin 6360 in the system was about 5（wt％）while the optimized of content of melamine-formaldehyde resin was about 10（wt％）. Good appearance and excellent adhesion performance of the laminated PET/PE films by PU adhesives would be achieved when the films were treated at a mild temperature for an appropriate time.

The self-crosslinking fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion was synthesized by seed emulsion polymerization，with methyl methacrylate（MMA），butyl acrylate（BA）as main monomers and hexafluorobutyl methacrylate（HFMA）as fluorine-containing monomer，N-hydroxymethylacryiamide（NMA）as crosslinking monomer. The effects of such factors as HFMA，NMA，mixing emulsifier（SDS+ OP-10），initiator（KPS），polymerization temperature，polymerization time and stirring rate，on the total conversion of monomer and the emulsion stability were investigated. The results showed that the highest overall conversion of monomer and the lowest agglomeration were achieved when m(MMA)∶m(BA)=1∶1 and the amounts of HFMA，NMA，SDS+OP-10 and KPS were 7％，3％，3％and 0.5％of total monomers，respectively，and that emulsion polymerization could be stably carried out at 75 ℃ for 4h with 210 r/min stirring rate. Moreover，the copolymer films were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrum（FT-IR），thermogavimetry（TG）and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. The results show that HFMA was effectively involved in the copolymerization and that the film thermal stability was improved greatly.

Papain was immobilized on modified ceramic particles and the factors related with the activity of the immobilized papain on ceramic particles were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: concentration of hydrochloric acid was 0.20 mol·L – 1 ，coupling agent KH-570 mass fraction was 0.392％，coupling agent glutaraldehyde mass fraction was 0.25％. In this condition，the recovery ratio of activity of immobilized enzyme was 7.16％，and the relative activity was 9.90％.

Strontium substituted hydroxyapatite was synthesized by microwave induction，using SrCl₂，Ca(NO₃)₂ and (NH₄)₂HPO₄ as raw materials. The elemental composition of SrHAP was determined by the DHF82 immediate multiple-element analyzer and titration，while its phase composition was characterized with X Ray diffraction（XRD），and the granularity of the prepared powder was measured. The results showed that SrHAP could be prepared by microwave induction，whose elemental composition was close to strontium substituted hydroxyapatite by raw material stoichiometric calculation. With microwave induction，the crystallinity of SrHAP was improved with less time，and the structure of SrHAP was significantly affected by the amount of Sr. The SrHAP powder was also smaller than that prepared with conventional methods.

Aiming at process optimization of synthesizes of 7′-Br-anhydrovinblastine from anhydrovinblastine; experiment factors and levels were firstly selected by single factor tests. According to the Box-Benhnken design principle，the method of response surface method with 3 factors and 3 levels was used. The factors influencing the technological parameters were determined by means of regression analysis. Response surfaces were finally graphed with the yield as the response value. The synthesis conditions were optimized as follows：reaction reagent was NBS，stoichiometric proportion between NBS and anhydrovinblastine was 1.07; the dosage of TFA was 22 mL/L; reaction temperature was －68 ℃ and duration was 90 min. The total yield of anhydrovinblastine to vinorelbine reached 70.56%.

Through changing the initial Fe²⁺ concentration，the condition of metabolism during the growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied. Based on the model of Monod function inhibited by products，the growth kinetics equation of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans at high iron concentration was built up. The results of the experiment showed that with increasing iron concentration，the function of substrate inhibition increased，and the Ks value increased. The correlation coefficient between the simulated and experimental specific growth rates was 0.97，which showed that the kinetics equation could well describe the growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans at high initial iron concentration.

Preparative-scale supercritical fluid chromatography was used to isolate solanesol from supercritical fluid extract. The chromatography conditions were as follows：ZORBAX SB-C18（250 mm×9.4 mm I.D.，5 μm）column was used as the steady phase; SC-CO2 with methanol as co-solvent was used as the mobile phase. The percent of modifier，temperature and pressure were investigated to get good resolution. In this paper，capacity factor and selectivity factor were also investigated. By chromatography separation，the concentration of solanesol reached 94.9%.

A comparative study of visible light photosensitization alone and US/ photosensitization was made to evaluate their respective effectiveness for removal of hard-degraded pollutants from water with 4, 4′- dibrominated biphenyl（4, 4′-DBB）in the experiment, and the degradation degree was estimated by the change of ultraviolet absorption curve. The results indicated that both processes worked well. Especially，a further enhancement of the removal of 4, 4′-DBB was achieved in the process assisted by ultrasound. Six kinds of photo initiators were chosen to treat 4, 4′-DBB solution under visible light. The final removal rate of 2 mg/L 4, 4′-DBB solution reached 22.9% after reacting for 30 min，when Funchsin basic（FB）was chosen as the sensitizer and pH=6. After 28 kHz ultrasound was added，the removal rate of 2 mg/L 4, 4′-DBB solution was enhanced to 25.6%. It was also found that 4, 4′-DBB’s removal by the two methods followed pseudo-first order reaction and the enhancement factor f for 4, 4′-DBB removal rate constant was about 1.12.

An experimental apparatus of the liquid solid external circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger （LSECFBE）, which made use of nozzle as the particle circulating device, was established. An experiment for a wide range of variables by independently varying the conditions was carried out. The effects of liquid flow rate, nozzle diameter, nozzle position, particle diameter, initial charge of solids and liquid viscosity on the main pressure drop were studied. On the basis of these factors, an empirical equation for the main pressure drop was established. The values calculated from the empirical equation agreed well with the experimental values. It provides some theoretical information for the optimal design of the LSECFBE.

TiO₂/kaolin composite photocatalysts were prepared from kaolin particles by the titanic chloride hydrolysis method and the structure were characterized by IR，SEM，X-ray and BET techniques. It is showed by the IR and BET results that TiO₂ is partly entered into the layers of kaolin. The composite catalytic activities were evaluated by photocatalytic reaction of oxalic acid. Compared with unloaded nano-TiO₂ ，this preparation leads to a highly active photocatalyst. Meanwhile calcination temperature effecting on photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂/kaolin composite was also studied.

A large-scale heavy oil integrated refining technology of vacuum distillation column is presented in this paper. With the application of this technology，the capacity of the third atmospheric/vacuum distillation unit of a refinery was increased from 4.0 Mt/a to 6.0 Mt/a. After revamping，the running was satisfactory. In addition，various quality targets of the unit reached the requirements of design.

Diosgenin is an important raw material for making steroidal medicine. The diosgenin industry has flourished in China. But the most serious problem in the traditional process is the discharge of waste water. This study put emphasis on the starch separation method to resolve this problem. The optimal experiment condition of this process was obtained. An industrial test was carried out and good result was obtained. The results showed the starch extraction ratio was 30％, hydrochloric acid amount was decreased by 15% and diosgenin extraction ratio increased by 5.7% compared with the traditional method.This new process has some advantages, such as high extraction of diosgenin and less consumption of hydrochloric acid.

A new process of flue gas desulfurization is introduced，and its mechanism of desulfurization and decarburization，and SO₂ removal efficiency are presented. Some points of this process and the environment benefits are also summarized. All reactions，including oxidation，absorption of SO₂，gypsum crystallization and carbonization，absorption of CO₂，are completed in the brick kiln. Finally，both desulfurization and decarburization efficiency are as high as 99%. In comparison with other methods of desulfurization，this process combines desulfurization and carbon brick making，which can bring in highly commercial value.