Abstract：Solid oxide fuel cell（SOFC）is a solid state energy conversion device which can generate electricity with high efficiency and low pollutant emission. Compared to other kinds of fuel cell，one of the most obvious advantages of SOFC is that it can use hydrocarbon fuels directly. Propane is an ideal fuel for SOFCs，especially for portable use，because of its high energy density，storing convenience and delivering safety. Nowadays，portable SOFCs are attracting more and more attention. The development of SOFCs using propane fuel is presented. There are several ways for using propane in SOFCs，including internal reforming，partial oxidation and direct-use by applying proper anode catalysts. The progress of anode materials used in SOFC operating on propane is reviewed. It is shown that most of the research on portable SOFCs using propane has been focused on avoiding carbon deposition caused by pyrolysis of the fuel at elevated operating temperatures，through improving the performance of anode and using proper anode catalyst that can suppress carbon formation reaction in anodes. Then，the R&D status of different kinds of portable SOFCs using propane fuel is introduced. At last，the development prospect of portable SOFCs is forecasted.

Advances in synthesis of molecular sieves with layered silicate are reviewed. The methods of purification，activation and synthesis of molecular sieves with kaolin and bentonite are introduced. The problems that currently exist in the synthesis of molecular sieves with layered silicate are presented.

Abstract：In this paper，the latest advances in research and development of MIEC single-phase oxide anode for SOFC are reviewed. The transport and electrical properties of perovskite related structure anode，cubic fluorite structure anode and other structure anodes are presented respectively. The major issues to be resolved in the near future and the development trends of anode materials are also discussed.

Abstract：The development of formazane reactive dyes and the relationship between their structure and properties were reviewed. According to the problems in dyes production，the role of cupric ion in coupling-cupric complexation was discussed，and the chelated forms of formazane reactive dyes were introduced. The determinatiun with HPLC-MS，HPLC-DAD and Q-TOF showed that 4-chelated formazane was obtained by the coupling cupric complexation reaction，and then was converted to 3-chelated compound after acidification. The absorption curve on VS-spectrum of the former was flat and broad，while the latter was sharp and narrow and gave a bright blue shade.

This paper presents the preparation methods of the biomimic membranes，which include the self-assembled approach，LB (Langmuir-Blodgett) technique，graft-modification technique，in-situ polymerization method，cast method，chemical vapor deposition method，and molecular deposition method. The research results of the cellular biomimic membranes，inorganic biomimic membranes，and hydrophobic biomimic membranes are given in this review; the practical application is also discussed. In the end，the latest trends in the study of biomimic membranes are predicted.

The developments，status quo and trends of phosphorus-containing epoxy resins (including the synergistically flame retardant epoxy resins) are reviewed. Imparting phosphorus into the epoxy resins via phosphorus epoxide compound and/or phosphorus curing agents brings about epoxy resins with permanent flame retardancy，to exhibit higher flame performance，better physical properties than those of conventional epoxy resins using fire retardant additives. Comparing with commercial epoxy resins，it is found that the phosphorus-containing epoxy resins demonstrate lower generation of corrosive and toxic gases. Further improvement in the flame retarding effects of epoxy resins is achieved by using the synergistically flame retardant systems. The complex reaction pathways and the marginal cost of synthesis of phosphorus-containing epoxy resins are its main disadvantages.

The studies on synthesis and characterization of composite molecular sieves in recent years are reviewed in this paper. Several preparation methods are introduced，including two-step crystallization process，seeding method，ion-exchanging，electric charge matching，treated zeolite as silica source. Composite zeolites are characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD)，nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)，infrared spectrometry (IR)，NH3-TPD，N2 absorption/desorption，scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM)，differential thermal analyses (DTG).

The composition and clarification methods of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC）slurry are summarized，and the progress of FCC slurry utilization in the fields of petroleum processing and petrochemical industry is introduced in this paper. The role of slurry in asphalt modification，co-processing with coal for asphalt modifier，solvent deasphalting，intensified distillation，visbreaking and delayed coking technology is discussed. Deep separation technologies of FCC slurry are presented，and the application of separated components is presented. In the end，the prospect of slurry utilization is also predicted.

Hydrogen production from water decomposition is one of the optimal ways to produce H2. Photocatalysts are the key factors in deciding whether photocatalytic process can be applied widely in practice. In this paper，the recent progress of visible light –driven photocatalysts，including oxynitrides，composite semiconductor and MO6 octahedral unit cell compound is presented. The influence of photocatalytic modification techniques，including metal loading，ion doping to photocatalysts is also described. The development direction of photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water decomposition in the future is predicted.

The advances in the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by oxidative carbonylation of methanol in liquid-phase are summarized，the structure characteristics as well as catalytic performance of various catalysts are presented in details. According to previous studies，the main demerit of equipment by the existing catalysts that easy deactivation and high corrosion can be avoided by using chloride-free active species，which should be considered as a new direction in the development of the next generation catalysts. Furthermore，designing and preparing catalysts based on the structure characteristics of CuⅠ active sites，regulating and controlling the amount，location and distribution along with improving the uniformity of active sites，and improving surface chemical properties of the catalytsts are expected to achieve desirable catalytic properties in the future.

The progress of the research on the mixing of high viscous fluid in recent 20 years is reviewed，presenting the choice of experimental fluids，description of rheology and evaluation criteria of mixing performance. Mechanically stirred equipment used in the high viscous fluid mixing includes vertical，or horizontal shaft，and single，or dual shafts. The investigation results on various equipment are introduced. Further investigations should be performed in the optimization of agitators and mixing performance in coaxial and biaxial agitation，vertical and horizontal mixing tanks. Numerical simulation of high viscous fluid mixing by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is still under further study.

The research at home and abroad on sludge reduction by ozonation is reported in detail. Most attention is paid to the principle of sludge reduction by ozonation，efficiency of sludge reduction，relationship between efficiency and ozone dosage，as well as the effect of return sludge ozonation on wastewater treatment running and sludge settling and dewatering characteristics. Sludge reduction by ozonation can minimize excess biomass，have less impact on the effluent water quality，further more，can improve the system’s denitrification. Sludge reduction by ozonation shows a wide application foreground.

The syntheses of cyclohexanone ethylene ketal catalyzed by such solid acids as methane sulfonates，p-toluene sulfonic acid，amino sulfonic acid，strongly acidic cationic exchange resin，sulfo-polyvinyl chloride，ferric chloride hexahydrate，stannous chloride dihydrate，stannic chloride pentahydrate，manganese chloride tetrahydrate，copper sulfate，ferric sulfatehydrate，ammonium ferric sulfate dodecahydrate，titanium sulfate，zirconium sulfate tetrahydrate，zirconium chloride，cerium sulfate tetrahydrate，lanthanum nitratehydrate，active carbon supported lanthanum sulfate，niobic acid，resin supported Lewis acid，chitosan sulfate，sodium bisulfate monohydrate，iodine，sodium dihydrogen phosphate，solid super acid，heteropoly acid，molecular sive，vitamin C and so on are reviewed. The results obtained indicate that solid acid can be used as catalyst for the ketalization instead of sulfuric acid.

Fuel ethanol has become one of the most important liquid fuels because of the shortage of fossil fuels. In this paper the production of starchiness-based fuel ethanol is reviewed，from the pretreatment of raw material to the dehydration of product. Different technologies are discussed and their energy consumptions are analyzed to find out the best technical route for the producers based on the statistics. There are five steps to manufacture ethanol，and liquefaction and distillation are the important ones，as they consume more energy than others. Waste treatment is discussed based on different raw materials. These results can be useful for the producers.

The inner structure of adsorber，flow distributor，arrangement and packing style of molecular sieve，impacting components of packing bed are introduced. The factors that have effects on the performance of oxygen generating system by pressure swing adsorption are analyzed and discussed，and some key skills and lessons are shared in the design of the oxygen generating equipment.

Investigations were performed with respect to the photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of H-acid aqueous solution in suspended photocatalytic reactor and suspended photocatalytic nanofiltration membrane reactor respectively. Compared to the traditional suspended photoreactor，the innovative photocatalytic membrane reactor was found to be more photoactive and attractive. Under the conditions of the ratio ρ/ρ0 (the ratio of instant H-acid concentration to the initial one) larger than 0.7，the initial substrate concentrations of 50，100 and 150 mg·L-1 respectively，the photocatalytic degradation reaction processes of H-acid aqueous solution in suspended photocatalytic reactor were observed to follow typical Langmuir-Hinshelhood first-order reaction model，first-order reaction model，and the combination of zero-order and first-order reaction model，as compared with L-H first-order reaction model，the combination of zero-order and first-order reaction model，and L-H zero-order reaction model in the innovative photocatalytic membrane reactor.

A novel compound adsorbent of fly ash and bentonite was synthesized and applied to adsorbing chromium(Ⅵ). The result showed that the removal ratio of Cr(Ⅵ) was over 91% under the following conditions：pH of waste water 4, initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) 22 mg/L, dosage of the adsorbent 8 g/L, adsorption equilibrium time 1h, temperature 25℃.

A novel compound adsorbent of fly ash and bentonite was synthesized and applied to adsorbing chromium(Ⅵ). The result showed that the removal ratio of Cr(Ⅵ) was over 91% under the following conditions：pH of waste water 4, initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) 22 mg/L, dosage of the adsorbent 8 g/L, adsorption equilibrium time 1h, temperature 25℃

The separation of lactic acid from fermentation broth by using molecular distillation was studied. The experimental results showed that the product purity was 96% under the conditions：pH 2，vacuum 20～80 Pa，temperature 80 ℃. The lactic acid product was analyzed and the quality met the specifications of GB 2023—80，and the mass spectrum of was identical with standard lactic acid.

The separation of lactic acid from fermentation broth by using molecular distillation was studied. The experimental results showed that the product purity was 96% under the conditions：pH 2，vacuum 20～80 Pa，temperature 80 ℃. The lactic acid product was analyzed and the quality met the specifications of GB 2023—80，and the mass spectrum of was identical with standard lactic acid.

The vapor-liquid heat regeneration cycles of R22 and seven alternative refrigerants were studied. The results showed that the vapor-liquid heat regeneration was always beneficial to the refrigeration performance of R134a，R290，R407C and R507. Heat regeneration had negative influence on cycle performance of R717 in all calculated conditions. At a higher condensation temperature，the effect of vapor-liquid heat regeneration for R22 and R410A changed from negative to positive. In addition，performance improvement by heat regenerator was discussed for seven alternative refrigerants of R22. This work provides the database for choosing proper alternative refrigerant of R22 in different situations.

A new solid base，CaO-ZrO2 nanocomposite，was prepared via an appropriate sol-gel process. It was found that such nanostructure greatly improved the basic strength and durability of the solid base catalyst. Temperature programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that both weak and strong basic sites coexisted on the surface of CaO-ZrO2 nanocomposite. At the same time，the mesoporous CaO-ZrO2 nanocomposite showed high thermal stability，since X-ray diffraction (XRD)，transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved that the mesoporous network of this material was preserved well even up to 700ºC. As a result，this novel solid base showed remarkable activity and stability in the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from propylene carbonate and methanol.

Co-gasification of coke and Shengli atmospheric residuum in a fixed bed reactor was performed in the preliminary experimental study. The effects of operating parameters on gaseous products composition and coke formation were investigated. When the mass ratio of oxygen/steam/residuum was set at 0.3/1.0/1.0, pyrolysis temperature set at 800℃, and residence time less than 0.5s, the contents of light olefins (C2H4+C3H6), alkanes(CH4+C2H6) and synthesis gas (H2+CO) were about 24%, 28% and 37%, respectively. The SEM images of the coke formed on the feed coke surfacefrom residuum pyrolysis were observed, and the results showed that the coke formed was almost consumed with blown oxygen. The results of hot simulative experiment further indicated that coke and heavy oil co-gasification could produce light olefins and synthesis gas together, and the coking problem could be solved effectively.

Supported nickel catalysts were used to improve the UV transmittance of ethylene glycol (EG) through hydrogenation. The physico-chemical properties of the catalyst were investigated with XRD，SEM and BET. The optimum preparation conditions were confirmed through experiments. Experiments found that promoters and Ni contents had direct relation with EG quality. When Ni content was 11.8%，Mg content was 1.8%，activation temperature was 773 K，activation time was 8 h，the catalyst had the highest activity. The UV transmittance of ethylene glycol at 220 nm，275 nm and 350 nm was increased from 49.8%，88.4% and 97.8% of control sample to 83.5%，95.2% and 99.6% .

Superfine boron powder was coated with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) by the direct reaction coating method and physical coating method separately. It was found the coating effect of boron power was better by the former method. The coating method and reaction time were investigated. The effectiveness of coating boron particles coated with HTPB was characterized by using FT-IR，X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope. It was found that the conditions of coating boron with HTPB were as follows：benzene as solvent，esterification time of HTPB about 14 hours at 80 ℃，and then solidification treatment was performed by using TDI as the solidification reagent at 70～80 ℃. The results showed that the surface of boron particles after coating with HTPB became orderly.

Extraction of lignin from sulfite pulping waste liquor was investigated. The extraction rate of lignin from black liquor by desulfonation increased in comparison with that without desulfonation. Then the influence of 15% H2SO4，precipitation time，precipitation temperature on the separation of lignin from black liquor by desulfonation was studied through 53 orthogonal experiments. The result indicated that the optimal condition of purifying lignin was as follows：the proportion of black liquor and 15% H2SO4 was 1∶2 and cooking at 90℃ for 1.5h. Lignin obtained from desulfonation of black liquor，had high purity，high molecular weight，good-heat stability and plasticity through the analyses of IR spectrum，GPC，TG-DSC and Torque curve.

The chemical composition of fatty acids in monomer acid was determined by GC/MS. After the monomer acid sample was etherified by methanol, the relative contents of fatty acids in it were analyzed with GC/MS. Fifteen components (such as myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid ) were identified. The analysis results showed that tetradecanoic acid content was 12.16%, hexadecanoic acid content was 8.51%, octadecenoic acid content was 25.53% and octadecanoic acid content was32.72%. The feasibility of using the monomer acid as lubricant additive in aluminium rolling was studied. The rolling oil performance was comprehensively evaluated by taking the following five performance indices: compatibility, lubrication, tribological property, annealing property and anti-oxidation. The results showed that the comprehensive effects of the additive were excellent.

Chitosan microspheres were prepared by the inverse phase suspension method. The structure of microspheres was characterized with FTIR and SEM，and the adsorption for 2,4-dinitrophenol was investigated. The effects of adsorption time，pH，amount of sodium and concentration of 2,4-dinitrophenol on the adsorption efficiency of 2,4-dinitrophenol were studied. The experimental results indicated that microspheres were insoluble in acidic and basic solutions，and were able to adsorb 2,4- dinitrophenol very well. In the solution of pH 3.6，the adsorption reached 230 mg·g－1 instantaneously. The adsorption data of 2,4- dinitrophenol on the modified chitosan microspheres was fitted into the Freundlich isotherms.

The exhaust gas from the adipic acid unit of Nylon Plant，Liaoyang Petrochemical Company contains nitrous oxide in an amount of 45 kt/a. In this article，the nitrous oxide exhaust gas，composition and its hazard for the environment were presented and the methods of its decomposition are discussed. Two kinds of nitrous oxide decomposition catalysts were developed. One was calcined hydrotolcite which contains cobalt，magnesium，and aluminium. The other was monolithic catalyst loading nickel. Laboratory experiments were performed to study the reactions and provide basic information for industrial application.

This paper systematically analyzes the cyclone gas flow field in the separating column of a circumfluent circulation cyclone separator based on the Navier-Stokese equation and the continuity equation of ideal flow under columnar coordinates. The Adomian decomposition-inverse operator method was used to solve the flow field. The basic representations of radial velocity, tangential velocity and axial velocity of the ideal flow in the separating column were derived, and computation values were compared with experimental values The mathematical model and computation equations were proved to be reasonable.