Abstract:

Hydrogen energy is critical to the realization of national dual-carbon goals. Due to the unique properties, hydrogen is extremely vulnerable to leakage during storage, transportation and use, which can lead to serious accidents and has become one of the major obstacles to the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. To address the safety challenges in the utilization of hydrogen energy, it is crucial to conduct risk studies. This paper briefly introduces the basic properties of hydrogen, discusses the numerical modeling methods of hydrogen and liquid hydrogen leakage, dispersion, jet flame and explosion, summarizes the evolution laws and internal mechanisms of hydrogen and liquid hydrogen in the processes of leakage, diffusion, jet combustion and explosion, deeply analyzes the key factors affecting the above processes, such as the gas type, storage conditions, leakage conditions, environmental conditions, ventilation conditions, etc., and focuses on the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method in the current research. It points out the shortcomings of current research and provides suggestions for future development directions, which are of guiding significance to promote the research on hydrogen safety and improve the accident prevention and emergency response mechanism.

Key words: hydrogen, leakage, dispersion, combustion, explosion, numerical modeling

摘要：

氢能对于实现国家“双碳”目标至关重要。由于氢气独特的性质，在储存、运输和使用过程中极易发生泄漏，从而引发严重的安全事故，这成为制约氢能源大规模应用的主要障碍之一。为了更好地应对氢能利用过程中的安全挑战，开展风险研究至关重要。本文简要介绍了氢气的基本理化特性，讨论了氢气和液氢泄漏、扩散、射流火焰以及爆炸的建模方法，总结了氢气和液氢在泄漏、扩散、射流燃烧和爆炸等过程中的演化规律以及内在机理，深入分析了影响上述过程的多种关键因素，如气体种类、储存条件、泄漏条件、环境条件和通风条件等，重点关注了计算流体动力学（CFD）方法在当前研究中的应用；指出了当前研究的不足之处，并就未来的发展方向提出建议。对于促进氢能安全研究、完善事故预防和应急响应机制具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 氢, 泄漏, 扩散, 燃烧, 爆炸, 数值模拟