有机固体废弃物热化学制氢研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0613

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢气是理想的清洁能源，也是重要的化工原料。但是，目前的制氢技术多以化石燃料为原料，制氢过程具有高能耗和高污染的弊端，这使氢能的清洁属性大打折扣。随着社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加快，城市固体废弃物的产量逐年递增，这其中的大部分有机物都有成为制氢原料的潜力。以有机固体废弃物（简称“有机固废”）为原料的制氢工艺对于氢能的清洁化发展和固废的资源化利用具有双重意义。本文以有机固废热化学转化制氢过程为对象，对该过程的原料预处理、技术路线、催化剂和吸附剂、技术经济分析、生命周期评价和生态风险评估等方面的研究进展进行综述，重点聚焦大型中试装置和工业化示范项目。通过分析各类技术路线的优劣性，总结得出新型热化学转化制氢技术受成本和装备的限制，大规模利用进展缓慢。在传统热化学转化制氢领域中，有机固废气化制氢最具大规模应用潜力。根据有机固废制氢的发展现状，还对该领域催化剂和吸附剂未来的研究方向以及技术经济分析和生命周期评价的热点问题进行讨论。最后对有机固废制氢的前景作出展望。

关键词: 废物处理, 热化学, 制氢, 吸附剂, 催化剂, 经济, 可持续性

Abstract:

Hydrogen is an ideal clean energy and an important chemical raw material. However, the current hydrogen production technology mostly uses fossil fuels as raw materials, and the hydrogen production process has the disadvantages of high energy consumption and high pollution, which also greatly reduces the cleanliness of hydrogen energy. With the development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the output of municipal solid waste (MSW) increases year by year, and most of the organic matter in MSW has the potential to become a raw material for hydrogen production. Hydrogen production using organic solid waste as a raw material has dual meanings for the clean development of hydrogen energy and the resource utilization of solid waste. In this study, the research progresses of raw material pretreatment, technical routes, catalysts, adsorbents, technical and economic analysis, life cycle assessment and ecological risk assessment in the field of hydrogen production by organic solid waste thermochemical conversion are reviewed. Large-scale pilot projects and industrial demonstration projects are focused in this study. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various technical routes, it can be concluded that the large-scale utilization of the new thermochemical conversion hydrogen production technology is slow due to the limitations of cost and equipment. In the field of traditional thermochemical conversion hydrogen production, the gasification of organic solid waste has the largest potential for large-scale application. According to the development status of hydrogen production from organic solid waste, the research directions of catalysts and adsorbents in this field, as well as the hot topics of technical and economic analysis and life cycle assessment are also discussed in this study. The prospects of hydrogen production from organic solid waste are given out in the end.

Key words: waste treatment, thermochemical, hydrogen production, adsorbents, catalyst, economics, sustainability

中图分类号:

TK91

王博, 宋永一, 王鑫, 孟庆强, 张彪, 赵丽萍, 吴斯侃. 有机固体废弃物热化学制氢研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(2): 709-721.

Bo WANG, Yongyi SONG, Xin WANG, Qingqiang MENG, Biao ZHANG, Liping ZHAO, Sikan WU. Hydrogen production from organic solid waste by thermochemical conversion process: a review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(2): 709-721.

图/表 5

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有机固废	C	H	S	N	O^①	Cl	VM（挥发分）	FC^①（固定碳）	Ash（灰分）	水分	参考文献
厨余	42.04	8.52	—	1.85	—	—	81.23	7.26	9.02	2.49	[9]
松木	46.42	4.38	0.16	0.30	38.97	—	76.16	14.07	0.26	9.51	[10]
秸秆	41.60	6.03	0.16	1.35	31.17	—	65.98	15.19	6.56	12.28	[11]
纸张	41.05	6.73	0.91	0.37	44.78	—	73.84	13.57	12.59	—	[12]
聚丙烯	84.14	14.96	0.24	0.23	0.43	—	99.97	0.03	—	—	[12]
聚氯乙烯	38.64	4.77	0.14	0.11	0.31	56.03	97.23	2.77	—	—	[12]
橡胶^②	69.94	5.78	1.42	0.40	3.72	—	59.59	21.01	18.44	0.39	[13]

有机固废	C	H	S	N	O^①	Cl	VM（挥发分）	FC^①（固定碳）	Ash（灰分）	水分	参考文献
厨余	42.04	8.52	—	1.85	—	—	81.23	7.26	9.02	2.49	[9]
松木	46.42	4.38	0.16	0.30	38.97	—	76.16	14.07	0.26	9.51	[10]
秸秆	41.60	6.03	0.16	1.35	31.17	—	65.98	15.19	6.56	12.28	[11]
纸张	41.05	6.73	0.91	0.37	44.78	—	73.84	13.57	12.59	—	[12]
聚丙烯	84.14	14.96	0.24	0.23	0.43	—	99.97	0.03	—	—	[12]
聚氯乙烯	38.64	4.77	0.14	0.11	0.31	56.03	97.23	2.77	—	—	[12]
橡胶^②	69.94	5.78	1.42	0.40	3.72	—	59.59	21.01	18.44	0.39	[13]

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