氮硼掺杂菌糠炭：蜂窝结构用于电极材料

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0804

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绿色可再生、储量丰富且成本低廉的农林废弃物在能源转化利用领域具有重要位置。本文利用中国北方最常见的农林废弃物菌糠为原料，分别以氢氧化钾、硼酸铵为活化剂和掺杂剂，通过简单的高温煅烧法制备了具有蜂窝结构的氮硼双掺杂菌糠炭（NBFC）。NBFC的微观形貌和物理结构表征结果显示：NBFC-3为表面粗糙的蜂窝状多孔材料，孔径集中在2nm左右，比表面积高达2968.48m²/g，具有相互连接的微介孔网络结构。电化学性能测试结果表明：当电流密度为0.5A/g时，NBFC-3的比电容高达297.2F/g。即使当电流密度增加到10A/g后，比电容仍可达218.5F/g，在循环5000圈后（电流密度为5A/g），比电容保持率为94.5%，展现了良好的倍率性能和显著的电化学稳定性。综上，NBFC是一种极有潜力的电化学储能材料。该研究也为农林废弃物菌糠的高效利用提供了新思路。

关键词: 菌糠, 共掺杂, 蜂窝结构, 生物质炭, 电化学

Abstract:

Green renewable, abundant reserves and low-cost agricultural and forestry wastes have an important position in the field of energy conversion and utilization. In this paper, fungus bran, the most common agricultural and forestry waste in northern China, was used as the raw material, and potassium hydroxide and ammonium borate were used as the activator and dopant, respectively, N, B co-doped fungus bran-derived carbon (NBFC) was prepared by simple high temperature calcination method. NBFC’s micro-morphology and physical structure characterization results showed that NBFC-3 was a honeycomb porous material with a rough surface. The pore size was concentrated at about 2nm and the specific surface area was up to 2968.48m²/g with an interconnected micro mesoporous network structure. The electrochemical performance results indicated that when the current density was 0.5A/g, the specific capacitance of NBFC-3 was as high as 297.2F/g. Even when the current density increased to 10A/g, the specific capacitance could still reach 218.5F/g. After 5000 cycles (current density was 5A/g), the specific capacitance retention rate of NBFC-3 was 94.5%, demonstrating its good rate performance and remarkable electrochemical stability. To sum up, the NBFC was a kind of extremely potential electrochemical energy storage material. The research also provided a new idea for the efficient use of agricultural and forestry wastes.

Key words: fungus bran, co-doping, honeycomb structure, biomass carbon, electrochemistry

中图分类号:

TB332

曲可琪, 尤月, 孙哲, 黄占华. 氮硼掺杂菌糠炭：蜂窝结构用于电极材料[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(3): 1527-1536.

QU Keqi, YOU Yue, SUN Zhe, HUANG Zhanhua. N, B-doped carbon from fungus bran: honeycomb structure as electrode material[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1527-1536.

图/表 10

图1 FC和NBFC的表面形貌SEM图

图2 FC的形貌分析图

图3 FB的热重曲线图

图4 FB、FC和NBFC-X的结构分析图

表1 FB、FC和NBFC-3的比表面积和孔容

样品	S_BET^①/m²·g^-1	V₁^②/cm³·?g^-1	V₂^③/cm³·g^-1
FB	10.41	0.001	0.02
FC	849.16	0.38	0.42
NBFC-3	2968.48	0.55	1.64

图5 FC和NBFC-X的XPS谱图

表2 FB、FC和NBFC-3的元素组成（质量分数） (%)

样品	C	O	N	B
FB	71.46	24.68	3.86	0
FC	73.58	24.21	2.21	0
NBFC-3	77.90	17.30	1.46	3.34

图6 FC和NBFC-X的电化学性能测试图

图7 NBFC-3的CV曲线、GCD曲线和循环性能测试图

图8 不同电流密度下不同生物质炭材料的比电容

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