传统电吸附与流动电极电容去离子技术对比和发展趋势

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0801

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 4101-4116.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0801

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

传统电吸附与流动电极电容去离子技术对比和发展趋势

赵保华¹(), 刘晓娜², 胡彦云³, 贾天聪¹, 谢强², 贺燕², 马相帅⁴, 马双忱²()

^1.华电郑州机械设计研究院有限公司，河南郑州 450002
^2.华北电力大学（保定）环境科学与工程系，河北保定 071003
^3.华电内蒙古能源有限公司包头发电分公司，内蒙古包头 014013
^4.北京韵能生态科技有限责任公司，北京 102600

收稿日期:2024-05-13 修回日期:2024-07-19 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-04
通讯作者: 马双忱
作者简介:赵保华（1979—），男，高级工程师，研究方向为火力发电厂给排水设计及技术管理。E-mail：zhaobh@chec.com.cn。
基金资助:
电化学耦合处理技术开发项目(CHDKJ23-01-01-20);电化学耦合处理技术开发项目(CHECKJ23-01-13)

Comparison and development trend of traditional electroadsorption and flow electrode capacitive deion technology

ZHAO Baohua¹(), LIU Xiaona², HU Yanyun³, JIA Tiancong¹, XIE Qiang², HE Yan², MA Xiangshuai⁴, MA Shuangchen²()

^1.Huadian Zhengzhou Machinery Design & Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
^2.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, Hebei, China
^3.Baotou Power Generation Branch of Huadian Inner Mongolia Energy Co. , Ltd. , Baotou 014013, Inner Mongolia, China
^4.Beijing Yunneng Ecological Technology Company Limited, Beijing 102600, China

Received:2024-05-13 Revised:2024-07-19 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-04
Contact: MA Shuangchen

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，传统电吸附（capacitive deionization，CDI）这一新型电化学技术以其节能、无污染等优势发展迅速，这种技术主要利用电极吸附水中的离子，通过施加电压来实现水的净化。但传统电吸附（CDI）存在需要倒极、吸附效果差、脱附不彻底等问题。为解决这些问题，流动电极电容去离子（flow electrode capacitance deion，FCDI）技术应运而生。FCDI在传统CDI的基础上引入流动电极和离子交换膜，液态电极在装置内连续运行、无须脱附的特点，解决了倒极脱附的控制与脱附不彻底等问题。此外，离子交换膜的应用进一步提高了离子的迁移效率，大大提升了电吸附的工作效率。本文介绍了传统CDI和FCDI技术工作原理，对比了各自技术特点，总结了FCDI技术在水处理领域的应用前景，并且概述了FCDI技术的最新研究成果，对水处理行业研究者提供了有价值的参考。

关键词: 水处理, 电化学, 电吸附, 流动电极, 技术对比和发展

Abstract:

In recent years, traditional capacitive deionization (CDI) has rapidly developed as a new electrochemical technology with advantages such as energy efficiency and pollution-free operation. This technology primarily utilizes electrodes to adsorb ions from water, achieving purification through the application of voltage. However, traditional CDI faces issues such as the need for electrode reversal, poor adsorption efficiency and incomplete desorption. To address these problems, flow electrode capacitance deionization (FCDI) technology has emerged. Building on the foundation of traditional CDI, FCDI introduces flow electrodes and ion exchange membranes. The liquid electrodes operate continuously within the device, eliminating the need for desorption, and solving the control issues and incomplete desorption associated with electrode reversal. Additionally, the application of ion exchange membranes further enhances ion migration efficiency, significantly improving the performance of electro-adsorption. This paper introduced the working principles of traditional CDI and FCDI technologies, compared their technical characteristics and summarized the application prospects of FCDI technology in the field of water treatment. It also reviewed the latest research achievements in FCDI technology, providing valuable references for researchers in the water treatment industry.

Key words: water treatment, electrochemistry, electroadsorption, flow electrode, technology comparison and development

中图分类号:

TQ15

赵保华, 刘晓娜, 胡彦云, 贾天聪, 谢强, 贺燕, 马相帅, 马双忱. 传统电吸附与流动电极电容去离子技术对比和发展趋势[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(7): 4101-4116.

ZHAO Baohua, LIU Xiaona, HU Yanyun, JIA Tiancong, XIE Qiang, HE Yan, MA Xiangshuai, MA Shuangchen. Comparison and development trend of traditional electroadsorption and flow electrode capacitive deion technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(7): 4101-4116.

图/表 12

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特征	电吸附（CDI）	流动电极电吸附（FCDI）
原理	利用静态电极的表面电荷吸附水中的离子	利用动态流动的电极浆料中的颗粒电荷吸附水中的离子，同时还有一部分电渗析原理去除离子，以提高吸附效率
主要用途	去除水中的重金属离子、有机污染物等	主要用于大规模水处理，如工业废水处理、城市供水中的脱盐、特殊离子的去除和收集及去除重金属等
设备构成	包括固定电极（如活性炭电极）、电源等	包括流动电极浆料、FCDI装置、蠕动泵、电源等
能耗	相对较低，因为只涉及离子的吸附和释放	较传统电吸附高，因为需要额外能量来维持电极浆料的流动和循环
操作方式	常温下操作，过程相对简单，压力影响不大	操作较复杂，需要维持电极浆料的稳定流动和循环，温度和压力的控制更为关键
效率	受电极表面积限制，大规模处理时可能面临效率低下问题	由于电极材料的连续循环利用，能够在大流量处理中保持较高的去除效率
环境影响	环境友好，化学添加剂需求较少	同样环境友好，但需要考虑电极浆料的长期稳定性和可能的环境影响

特征	电吸附（CDI）	流动电极电吸附（FCDI）
原理	利用静态电极的表面电荷吸附水中的离子	利用动态流动的电极浆料中的颗粒电荷吸附水中的离子，同时还有一部分电渗析原理去除离子，以提高吸附效率
主要用途	去除水中的重金属离子、有机污染物等	主要用于大规模水处理，如工业废水处理、城市供水中的脱盐、特殊离子的去除和收集及去除重金属等
设备构成	包括固定电极（如活性炭电极）、电源等	包括流动电极浆料、FCDI装置、蠕动泵、电源等
能耗	相对较低，因为只涉及离子的吸附和释放	较传统电吸附高，因为需要额外能量来维持电极浆料的流动和循环
操作方式	常温下操作，过程相对简单，压力影响不大	操作较复杂，需要维持电极浆料的稳定流动和循环，温度和压力的控制更为关键
效率	受电极表面积限制，大规模处理时可能面临效率低下问题	由于电极材料的连续循环利用，能够在大流量处理中保持较高的去除效率
环境影响	环境友好，化学添加剂需求较少	同样环境友好，但需要考虑电极浆料的长期稳定性和可能的环境影响

传统电吸附与流动电极电容去离子技术对比和发展趋势

Comparison and development trend of traditional electroadsorption and flow electrode capacitive deion technology

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