电化学介导胺再生CO2捕集技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0765

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球气候变化问题的日益严重，降低大气中的二氧化碳（CO₂）浓度已成为急需解决的重要问题。然而，现今最具应用潜力的有机胺化学吸收工艺的大范围推广仍受到高能耗问题的阻碍。以电化学介导胺再生CO₂捕集技术为代表的电化学碳捕集技术避免了高温蒸汽的使用，具有灵活、高效的特点，为低能耗碳捕集技术的发展开辟了新路径。本文介绍了电化学介导胺CO₂捕集技术在反应体系选择、系统模拟计算和高效反应器设计方面的最新进展，分析其研究现状并指出其发展方向。随后进一步分析了电化学体系与碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术领域更广泛交叉应用的潜力，提出电化学CO₂压缩机、电化学碳捕集还原一体化工艺流程。本综述将为推动电力驱动的低能耗碳捕集技术的研究和发展提供新的发展方向与策略。

关键词: 电化学介导胺再生, 碳捕集, 铜-胺配合物, 反应器, 电化学压缩机, CO₂电还原

Abstract:

As the severity of global climate change escalates, reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere has emerged as a pressing challenge. However, the widespread deployment of the most promising amine-based chemical absorption process is still hindered by its high energy consumption. Electrochemical carbon capture technology represented by the electrochemically mediated amine regeneration CO₂ capture technology avoids the application of high-temperature vapors, has the characteristics of flexibility and high efficiency, and marks a new direction for the development of low-energy carbon capture technologies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in electrochemically mediated amine regeneration CO₂ capture technology in terms of reaction system selection, system simulation and calculation, and the design of efficient reactors. Additionally, it analyses the current state of research and identifies prospective avenues for development. Subsequently, the potential for broader cross-application of electrochemical systems with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is analyzed, and the integrated process flow of electrochemical CO₂ compressor and electrochemical carbon capture and reduction is proposed. This review offers new directions and strategies for advancing research and development in electricity-driven low-energy carbon capture technologies.

Key words: electrochemically mediated amine regeneration, carbon capture, copper-amine complex, reactor, electrochemical compressor, CO₂ electro-reduction

中图分类号:

X701

毛元豪, 范会峰, SAYD Sultan, 方芙蓉, 钟琦, 余云松, 吴小梅, 张早校. 电化学介导胺再生CO₂捕集技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(7): 4089-4100.

MAO Yuanhao, FAN Huifeng, SAYD Sultan, FANG Furong, ZHONG Qi, YU Yunsong, WU Xiaomei, ZHANG Zaoxiao. Research progress in the electrochemically mediated amine regeneration CO₂ capture technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(7): 4089-4100.

图/表 6

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吸收剂	CO₂/配位金属	配合物型式	lg K （25℃）	参考文献
NH₃	CO₂		1.4	[18]
	Cu²⁺	Cu(NH₃)²⁺；Cu(NH₃)₂²⁺；Cu(NH₃)₃²⁺；Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺	4.3，7.9， 10.9，12.82
	Zn²⁺	Zn(NH₃)²⁺；Zn(NH₃)₂²⁺；Zn(NH₃)₃²⁺；Zn(NH₃)₄²⁺	2.38，4.88，7.43，9.65
	Ni²⁺	Ni(NH₃)²⁺；Ni(NH₃)₂²⁺；Ni(NH₃)₃²⁺；Ni(NH₃)₄²⁺；Ni(NH₃)₅²⁺；Ni(NH₃)₆²⁺	2.75，4.95，6.64，7.79，8.50，8.49
	Co²⁺	Co(NH₃)₆²⁺	5.4
	Cd²⁺	Cr(NH₃)₄²⁺	10.2
MEA	CO₂		1.76	[19]
	Cu²⁺	Cu(MEA)²⁺；Cu(MEA)₂²⁺；Cu(MEA)₃²⁺；Cu(MEA)₄²⁺	4.9，8.85，11.7，12.73	[20]
	Zn²⁺	Zn(MEA)²⁺；Zn(MEA)₂²⁺；Zn(MEA)₃²⁺	3.7，6.1，9.4
	Ni²⁺	Ni(MEA)²⁺；Ni(MEA)₂²⁺；Ni(MEA)₃²⁺	2.98，5.33，7.33
	Cd²⁺	Cd(MEA)²⁺；Cd(MEA)₂²⁺；Cd(MEA)₃²⁺	2.77，4.09，5.6
EDA	CO₂		4.9	[21]
	Cu²⁺	Cu(EDA)²⁺；Cu(EDA)₂²⁺	10.54，19.6	[20]
	Zn²⁺	Zn(EDA)²⁺；Zn(EDA)₂²⁺；Zn(EDA)₃²⁺	5.7，10.62，13.23
	Ni²⁺	Ni(EDA)²⁺；Ni(EDA)₂²⁺；Ni(EDA)₃²⁺	7.35，13.54，17.71
	Fe²⁺	Fe(EDA)²⁺；Fe(EDA)₂²⁺；Fe(EDA)₃²⁺	4.34，7.66，9.72
	Co³⁺	Co(EDA)₃³⁺	13.99
	Cr³⁺	Cr(EDA)₂³⁺	4.86

吸收剂	CO₂/配位金属	配合物型式	lg K （25℃）	参考文献
NH₃	CO₂		1.4	[18]
	Cu²⁺	Cu(NH₃)²⁺；Cu(NH₃)₂²⁺；Cu(NH₃)₃²⁺；Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺	4.3，7.9， 10.9，12.82
	Zn²⁺	Zn(NH₃)²⁺；Zn(NH₃)₂²⁺；Zn(NH₃)₃²⁺；Zn(NH₃)₄²⁺	2.38，4.88，7.43，9.65
	Ni²⁺	Ni(NH₃)²⁺；Ni(NH₃)₂²⁺；Ni(NH₃)₃²⁺；Ni(NH₃)₄²⁺；Ni(NH₃)₅²⁺；Ni(NH₃)₆²⁺	2.75，4.95，6.64，7.79，8.50，8.49
	Co²⁺	Co(NH₃)₆²⁺	5.4
	Cd²⁺	Cr(NH₃)₄²⁺	10.2
MEA	CO₂		1.76	[19]
	Cu²⁺	Cu(MEA)²⁺；Cu(MEA)₂²⁺；Cu(MEA)₃²⁺；Cu(MEA)₄²⁺	4.9，8.85，11.7，12.73	[20]
	Zn²⁺	Zn(MEA)²⁺；Zn(MEA)₂²⁺；Zn(MEA)₃²⁺	3.7，6.1，9.4
	Ni²⁺	Ni(MEA)²⁺；Ni(MEA)₂²⁺；Ni(MEA)₃²⁺	2.98，5.33，7.33
	Cd²⁺	Cd(MEA)²⁺；Cd(MEA)₂²⁺；Cd(MEA)₃²⁺	2.77，4.09，5.6
EDA	CO₂		4.9	[21]
	Cu²⁺	Cu(EDA)²⁺；Cu(EDA)₂²⁺	10.54，19.6	[20]
	Zn²⁺	Zn(EDA)²⁺；Zn(EDA)₂²⁺；Zn(EDA)₃²⁺	5.7，10.62，13.23
	Ni²⁺	Ni(EDA)²⁺；Ni(EDA)₂²⁺；Ni(EDA)₃²⁺	7.35，13.54，17.71
	Fe²⁺	Fe(EDA)²⁺；Fe(EDA)₂²⁺；Fe(EDA)₃²⁺	4.34，7.66，9.72
	Co³⁺	Co(EDA)₃³⁺	13.99
	Cr³⁺	Cr(EDA)₂³⁺	4.86

电化学介导胺再生CO₂捕集技术研究进展

Research progress in the electrochemically mediated amine regeneration CO₂ capture technology

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年份	反应体系	能耗/kJ·mol^-1 CO₂	电子利用率^①	电流密度/A·m^-2	参考文献
2013	Cu/EDA [4mol/kg (H₂O)]	94.2	42	25	[22]
2014	Cu/EDA [4mol/kg (H₂O)]	<100	约63	50	[23]
2017	Cu/MEA（质量分数30%）	57.2		124.76	[24]
2019	Cu/EDA [4mol/kg (H₂O)]	52			[46]
2019	Cu/EDA [4mol/kg (H₂O)]	40~80	>80	50	[57]
2020	Cu/EDA+AEEA [摩尔比为1，1mol/kg(H₂O)]	约36	>50		[42]
2022	Cu/NH₃ [2mol/kg (H₂O)]	52		470 阳极 2500阴极	[31]
2022	Zn/NH₃ [2mol/kg (H₂O)]	14.7		100	[32]
2022	Cu/MEA [7mol/kg (H₂O)]	60.67		200	[25]
2023	Cu/EDA+MEA [摩尔比为1∶1，7mol/kg (H₂O)]	101.26		100	[43]
2023	Cu/EDA [7mol/kg (H₂O)]	42.4		300	[27]
2024	Cu/NH₃ [7mol/kg (H₂O)]	12.34		300	[16]
2024	Cu/DETA [1mol/kg (H₂O)]	36.67		100	[30]
2024	Cu/EDA+MDEA [摩尔比为8∶2，1mol/kg (H₂O)]	37		100	[44]

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